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Formal Verification of Eccs for Memories Using ACL2
Journal of Electronic Testing (2020) 36:643–663 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-020-05904-2 Formal Verification of ECCs for Memories Using ACL2 Mahum Naseer1 · Waqar Ahmad1 · Osman Hasan1 Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 / Published online: 26 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Due to the ever-increasing toll of soft errors in memories, Error Correction Codes (ECCs) like Hamming and Reed-Solomon Codes have been used to protect data in memories, in applications ranging from space to terresterial work stations. In past seven decades, most of the research has focused on providing better ECC strategies for data integrity in memories, but the same pace research efforts have not been made to develop better verification methodologies for the newer ECCs. As the memory sizes keep increasing, exhaustive simulation-based testing of ECCs is no longer practical. Hence, formal verification, particularly theorem proving, provides an efficient, yet scarcely explored, alternative for ECC verification. We propose a framework, with extensible libraries, for the formal verification of ECCs using the ACL2 theorem prover. The framework is easy to use and particularly targets the needs of formally verified ECCs in memories. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed framework by verifying two of the most commonly used ECCs, i.e., Hamming and Convolutional codes. To illustrate that the ECCs verified using our formal framework are practically reliable, we utilized a formal record- based memory model to formally verify that the inherent properties of the ECCs like hamming distance, codeword decoding, and error detection/correction remain consistent even when the ECC is implemented on the memory. -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Dave Brolley William Cohen Roland Grunberg Aldy Hernandez Karsten Hopp Jakub Jelinek Developer Guide Jeff Johnston Benjamin Kosnik Aleksander Kurtakov Chris Moller Phil Muldoon Andrew Overholt Charley Wang Kent Sebastian Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Developer Guide An introduction to application development tools in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Edition 0 Author Dave Brolley [email protected] Author William Cohen [email protected] Author Roland Grunberg [email protected] Author Aldy Hernandez [email protected] Author Karsten Hopp [email protected] Author Jakub Jelinek [email protected] Author Jeff Johnston [email protected] Author Benjamin Kosnik [email protected] Author Aleksander Kurtakov [email protected] Author Chris Moller [email protected] Author Phil Muldoon [email protected] Author Andrew Overholt [email protected] Author Charley Wang [email protected] Author Kent Sebastian [email protected] Editor Don Domingo [email protected] Editor Jacquelynn East [email protected] Copyright © 2010 Red Hat, Inc. and others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. -
Open Source Subtitle Editor Software Study for Section 508 Close Caption Applications
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20140002618 2019-08-29T14:44:57+00:00Z Open Source Subtitle Editor Software Study for Section 508 Close Caption Applications Brandon F. Murphy NASA. John F. Kennedy Space Center Major: Computer Science USRP Summer 2013 Session Date: July 30 2013 NASA USRP - Internship Final Report Open Source Subtitle Editor Software Study for Section 508 Close Caption Applications Brandon F. Murphy North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro, North Carolina. 27411 Nomenclature cc = Closed Captioning !TAW = IT Accessibility and Workforce GSA = General Services Administration EfT = Electronic and Information Technology .srt = the file extension for Sub Rip subtitle files oss = Open Source Software .ssa = SubStation Alpha .ass = Advanced SubStation Alpha Subtitle .sub = Subtitling file .txt = Text File .idx = Index file I. Introduction Government agencies are required by law under the Section 508 policy to provide any tools or services for their employees who may need them. For those who need special assistance these tools and services help them do their job to the best of their ability. With these tools and services a person with disabilities will have equal opportunities for advancing in their company, as others do. This research and implementation was used to find cost effective solutions to make information available to all Government employees as required by law, Section 508. II. Abstract This paper will focus on a specific item within the NASA Electronic Information Accessibility Policy - Multimedia Presentation shall have synchronized caption; thus making information accessible to a person with hearing impairment. This synchronized caption will assist a person with hearing or cognitive disability to access the same information as everyone else. -
Creating Formally Verified Components for Layered
Creating Formally Verified Components for Layered Assurance with an LLVM to ACL2 Translator∗ y z David S. Hardin Jedidiah R. McClurg Jennifer A. Davis Advanced Technology Center Department of Computer Advanced Technology Center Rockwell Collins Science Rockwell Collins Cedar Rapids, IA, USA University of Colorado Cedar Rapids, IA, USA [email protected] Boulder, CO, USA [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords In our current work, we need to create a library of formally Formal verification, Theorem proving, ACL2, LLVM verified software component models from code that has been compiled (or decompiled) using the Low-Level Virtual Ma- 1. INTRODUCTION chine (LLVM) intermediate form; these components, in turn, are to be assembled into subsystems whose top-level assur- ance relies on the assurance of the individual components. \Remember that all models are wrong; the Thus, we have undertaken a project to build a translator practical question is how wrong do they have to from LLVM to the applicative subset of Common Lisp ac- be to not be useful." [2] { George Box, British cepted by the ACL2 theorem prover. Our translator pro- Statistician duces executable ACL2 specifications featuring tail recur- sion, as well as in-place updates via ACL2's single-threaded Layered assurance for software often requires the creation object (stobj) mechanism. This allows us to efficiently sup- of a library of assured software component models, start- port validation of our models by executing production tests ing with code that lacks a formal pedigree. These assured for the original artifacts against those models. Unfortu- components can then be assembled into subsystems whose nately, features that make a formal model executable are of- top-level assurance relies on the assurance of the individual ten at odds with efficient reasoning. -
Automated IT Service Fault Diagnosis Based on Event Correlation Techniques
Automated IT Service Fault Diagnosis Based on Event Correlation Techniques Dissertation an der Fakultat¨ fur¨ Mathematik, Informatik und Statistik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ Munchen¨ vorgelegt von Andreas Hanemann Tag der Einreichung: 22. Mai 2007 1. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. Heinz-Gerd Hegering, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at M¨unchen 2. Berichterstatterin: Professor Dr. Gabrijela Dreo Rodosek, Universit¨at der Bundeswehr M¨unchen Automated IT Service Fault Diagnosis Based on Event Correlation Techniques Dissertation an der Fakultat¨ fur¨ Mathematik, Informatik und Statistik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ Munchen¨ vorgelegt von Andreas Hanemann Tag der Einreichung: 22. Mai 2007 Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 19. Juli 2007 1. Berichterstatter: Professor Dr. Heinz-Gerd Hegering, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at M¨unchen 2. Berichterstatterin: Professor Dr. Gabrijela Dreo Rodosek, Universit¨at der Bundeswehr M¨unchen Acknowledgments This thesis has been written as part of my work as a researcher at the Leib- niz Supercomputing Center (Leibniz-Rechenzentrum, LRZ) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities which was funded by the German Re- search Network (DFN-Verein) as well as in cooperation with the research group of Prof. Dr. Heinz-Gerd Hegering. Apart from the LRZ, this research group called MNM-Team (Munich Network Management Team) is located at the University of Munich (LMU), the Munich University of Technology (TUM) and the University of Federal Armed Forces in Munich. At first, I would like to thank my doctoral advisor Prof. Dr. Heinz-Gerd Hegering for his constant support and helpful advice during the whole prepa- ration time of this thesis. I would also like to express my special gratefulness to my second advisor, Prof. -
QNAP Turbo NAS Software User Manual
QNAP Turbo NAS Software User Manual (Version: 4.2.2) This manual is applicable to the following Turbo NAS models: TS-128, TS-131, TS-228, TS-231, TS-231+, TS-251, TS-251+, HS-251, HS-251+, TS-251C, TS-251A, TS-253 Pro, TS-253A, TS-269L, TS-269 Pro, IS-400 Pro, TS-431, TS-431U, TS-431+, TS-451, TS-451+, TS-451S, TS-451U, TS-451A, TBS-453A, IS-453S, TS-453S Pro, TS-453 Pro, TS-453A, TS-453U, TS-453U-RP, TS-453mini, TVS-463, TS-463U, TS-463U-RP, TS-469 Pro, TS-469L, TS-469U-RP, TS-469U-SP, TS-470, TVS-470, TS-470U-RP, TS-470U-SP, TS-470 Pro, TVS-471, TVS-471U, TVS-471U-RP, TS-563, TS-569 Pro, TS-569L, TS-651, TS-653 Pro, TS-653A, TVS-663, TS-669 Pro, TS-669L, TS-670 Pro, TS-670, TVS-670, TVS-671, TVS-682, TVS-682T, TS-831X, TS-851, TS-853 Pro, TS-853S Pro, TS-853U, TS-853U-RP, TS-853A, TS-863U, TVS-863, TVS-863+, TS-863U-RP, TS-869 Pro, TS-869L, TS-869U-RP, TS-870 Pro, TS-870, TVS-870, TS-870U-RP, TVS-871T, TVS-871, TVS-871U-RP, TS-879 Pro, TS-879U-RP, TS-EC879U-RP, TS-EC880U, TVS-EC880, TS-EC880U-RP, TS-EC880 Pro, TS-EC880U R2, TVS-882, TVS-882T, TS-1079 Pro, TVS-EC1080+, TVS-EC1080, TS-EC1080 Pro, TS-1253U, TS-1253U-RP, TS-1263U, TS-1263U-RP, TS-1269U-RP, TS-1270U-RP, TVS-1271U-RP, TS-1279U-RP, TS-EC1279U-RP, TS-EC1279U-SAS-RP, SS-EC1279U-SAS-RP, TS-EC1280U, TS-EC1280U-RP, TVS-EC1280U-SAS-RP, TS-EC1280U R2, TVS-EC1280U-SAS-RP R2, TVS-1282, TVS-1282T, TVS-EC1580U-SAS-RP, TVS-EC1580MU-SAS-RP, TVS-EC1580MU-SAS-RP R2, TS-1679U-RP, TS-EC1679U-RP, TS-EC1679U-SAS-RP, TS-EC1680U, TS-EC1680U R2, TS-EC1680U-RP, TVS-EC1680U-SAS-RP, TVS-EC1680U-SAS-RP R2, SS-EC1879U-SAS-RP, SS-EC2479U-SAS-RP, TS-EC2480U-RP, TS-EC2480U R2, TVS-EC2480U-SAS-RP, TVS-EC2480U-SAS-RP R2, TDS-16489U. -
Linux Administrators Security Guide LASG - 0.1.1
Linux Administrators Security Guide LASG - 0.1.1 By Kurt Seifried ([email protected]) copyright 1999, All rights reserved. Available at: https://www.seifried.org/lasg/. This document is free for most non commercial uses, the license follows the table of contents, please read it if you have any concerns. If you have any questions email [email protected]. A mailing list is available, send an email to [email protected], with "subscribe lasg-announce" in the body (no quotes) and you will be automatically added. 1 Table of contents License Preface Forward by the author Contributing What this guide is and isn't How to determine what to secure and how to secure it Safe installation of Linux Choosing your install media It ain't over 'til... General concepts, server verses workstations, etc Physical / Boot security Physical access The computer BIOS LILO The Linux kernel Upgrading and compiling the kernel Kernel versions Administrative tools Access Telnet SSH LSH REXEC NSH Slush SSL Telnet Fsh secsh Local YaST sudo Super Remote Webmin Linuxconf COAS 2 System Files /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/groups /etc/gshadow /etc/login.defs /etc/shells /etc/securetty Log files and other forms of monitoring General log security sysklogd / klogd secure-syslog next generation syslog Log monitoring logcheck colorlogs WOTS swatch Kernel logging auditd Shell logging bash Shadow passwords Cracking passwords John the ripper Crack Saltine cracker VCU PAM Software Management RPM dpkg tarballs / tgz Checking file integrity RPM dpkg PGP MD5 Automatic -
Release Notes for Fedora 15
Fedora 15 Release Notes Release Notes for Fedora 15 Edited by The Fedora Docs Team Copyright © 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. -
The Linux Command Line
The Linux Command Line Fifth Internet Edition William Shotts A LinuxCommand.org Book Copyright ©2008-2019, William E. Shotts, Jr. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No De- rivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit the link above or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042. A version of this book is also available in printed form, published by No Starch Press. Copies may be purchased wherever fine books are sold. No Starch Press also offers elec- tronic formats for popular e-readers. They can be reached at: https://www.nostarch.com. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. This book is part of the LinuxCommand.org project, a site for Linux education and advo- cacy devoted to helping users of legacy operating systems migrate into the future. You may contact the LinuxCommand.org project at http://linuxcommand.org. Release History Version Date Description 19.01A January 28, 2019 Fifth Internet Edition (Corrected TOC) 19.01 January 17, 2019 Fifth Internet Edition. 17.10 October 19, 2017 Fourth Internet Edition. 16.07 July 28, 2016 Third Internet Edition. 13.07 July 6, 2013 Second Internet Edition. 09.12 December 14, 2009 First Internet Edition. Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................xvi Why Use the Command Line?......................................................................................xvi -
Conducting and Optimizing Eclipse Attacks in the Kad Peer-To-Peer Network
Conducting and Optimizing Eclipse Attacks in the Kad Peer-to-Peer Network Michael Kohnen, Mike Leske, and Erwin P. Rathgeb University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Experimental Mathematics, Ellernstr. 29, 45326 Essen [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. The Kad network is a structured P2P network used for file sharing. Research has proved that Sybil and Eclipse attacks have been possible in it until recently. However, the past attacks are prohibited by newly implemented secu- rity measures in the client applications. We present a new attack concept which overcomes the countermeasures and prove its practicability. Furthermore, we analyze the efficiency of our concept and identify the minimally required re- sources. Keywords: P2P security, Sybil attack, Eclipse attack, Kad. 1 Introduction and Related Work P2P networks form an overlay on top of the internet infrastructure. Nodes in a P2P network interact directly with each other, i.e., no central entity is required (at least in case of structured P2P networks). P2P networks have become increasingly popular mainly because file sharing networks use P2P technology. Several studies have shown that P2P traffic is responsible for a large share of the total internet traffic [1, 2]. While file sharing probably accounts for the largest part of the P2P traffic share, also other P2P applications exist which are widely used, e.g., Skype [3] for VoIP or Joost [4] for IPTV. The P2P paradigm is becoming more and more accepted also for professional and commercial applications (e.g., Microsoft Groove [5]), and therefore, P2P technology is one of the key components of the next generation internet. -
Diapositiva 1
TRANSFERENCIA O DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ARCHIVOS ENTRE IGUALES (peer-to-peer) Características, Protocolos, Software, Luis Villalta Márquez Configuración Peer-to-peer Una red peer-to-peer, red de pares, red entre iguales, red entre pares o red punto a punto (P2P, por sus siglas en inglés) es una red de computadoras en la que todos o algunos aspectos funcionan sin clientes ni servidores fijos, sino una serie de nodos que se comportan como iguales entre sí. Es decir, actúan simultáneamente como clientes y servidores respecto a los demás nodos de la red. Las redes P2P permiten el intercambio directo de información, en cualquier formato, entre los ordenadores interconectados. Peer-to-peer Normalmente este tipo de redes se implementan como redes superpuestas construidas en la capa de aplicación de redes públicas como Internet. El hecho de que sirvan para compartir e intercambiar información de forma directa entre dos o más usuarios ha propiciado que parte de los usuarios lo utilicen para intercambiar archivos cuyo contenido está sujeto a las leyes de copyright, lo que ha generado una gran polémica entre defensores y detractores de estos sistemas. Las redes peer-to-peer aprovechan, administran y optimizan el uso del ancho de banda de los demás usuarios de la red por medio de la conectividad entre los mismos, y obtienen así más rendimiento en las conexiones y transferencias que con algunos métodos centralizados convencionales, donde una cantidad relativamente pequeña de servidores provee el total del ancho de banda y recursos compartidos para un servicio o aplicación. Peer-to-peer Dichas redes son útiles para diversos propósitos. -
Kde-Guide-De-Developpement.Web.Pdf
KDE Published : 2017-06-26 License : GPLv2+ 1 KDE DU POINT DE VUE D'UN DÉVELOPPEUR 1. AVEZ-VOUS BESOIN DE CE LIVRE ? 2. LA PHILOSOPHIE DE KDE 3. COMMENT OBTENIR DE L'AIDE 2 1. AVEZ-VOUS BESOIN DE CE LIVRE ? Vous devriez lire ce livre si vous voulez développer pour KDE. Nous utilisons le terme développement très largement pour couvrir tout ce qui peut conduire à un changement dans le code source, ce qui inclut : Soumettre une correction de bogue Écrire une nouvelle application optimisée par la technologie KDE Contribuer à un projet existant Ajouter de la fonctionnalité aux bibliothèques de développement de KDE Dans ce livre, nous vous livrerons les bases dont vous avez besoin pour être un développeur productif. Nous décrirons les outils que vous devrez installer, montrer comment lire la documentation (et écrire la vôtre propre, une fois que vous aurez créé la nouvelle fonctionnalité !) et comment obtenir de l'aide par d'autres moyens. Nous vous présenterons la communauté KDE, qui est essentielle pour comprendre KDE parce que nous sommes un projet « open source », libre (gratuit). Les utilisateurs finaux du logiciel n'ont PAS besoin de ce livre ! Cependant, ils pourraient le trouver intéressant pour les aider à comprendre comment les logiciels complexes et riches en fonctionnalités qu'ils utilisent ont vu le jour. 3 2. LA PHILOSOPHIE DE KDE Le succès de KDE repose sur une vue globale, que nous avons trouvée à la fois pratique et motivante. Les éléments de cette philosophie de développement comprennent : L'utilisation des outils disponibles plutôt que de ré-inventer ceux existants : beaucoup des bases dont vous avez besoin pour travailler font déjà partie de KDE, comme les bibliothèques principales ou les « Kparts », et sont tout à fait au point.