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Danthonia Decumbens(Danthoniae Gayana Bot. 66(1):66(1), 92-94,2009 2009. Comunicación breve ISSN 0016-5301 DANTHONIA DECUMBENS (DANTHONIAE, POACEAE), NUEVA ESPECIE ADVENTICIA PARA LA FLORA DE CHILE CONTINENTAL DANTHONIA DECUMBENS (DANTHONIAE, POACEAE), NEW ADVENTITIOUS SPECIES FOR THE FLORA OF CONTINENTAL CHILE Zulma E. Rúgolo de Agrasar1, Nicolás García2, 3 & Gustavo Mieres4 1Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, casilla de correo 22, B1642HYD San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2Laboratorio de Flora y Vegetación, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 9206, Santiago, Chile; 3Grupo de Levantamiento de Líneas Base, Subgerencia de Medio Ambiente, Empresa de Ingeniería Ingendesa S. A., Santa Rosa 79, piso 12, Santiago, Chile; 4Consultor independiente, especialista en flora y vegetación terrestre. Pasaje Huérfanos 2839-B, Santiago, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT This article reports the finding of Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. in the surrounding of Puerto Montt (41º26’ S; 73º05’ W) in the south of Chile, which also constitutes the first register of this European grass in South America. El género Danthonia DC. se caracteriza por presentar [Designado por M. Baeza en Cafferty et al., Taxon espiguillas grandes, de alrededor de 1 cm o mayores. 49(2): 250 (2000)]. El antecio presenta un callo alargado y la lemma es bilobada, con el nervio medio prolongado en una SINONIMOS Y DESCRIPCION: En Baeza (1996, 2007). arista aplanada, geniculada y retorcida en la base (Nicora & Rúgolo de Agrasar 1987), aunque de Se caracteriza por presentar espiguillas 3-5-floras, manera excepcional la lemma puede ser mútica y con el antecio distal reducido. La lemma es de ápice mucronada. Se distribuye en ambos hemisferios y mútico o mucronado, sin arista desarrollada, el dorso se encuentra representado en Chile por 8 taxones glabro y los márgenes pilosos. Las espiguillas autóctonos (Baeza 1996). paucifloras y la lemma con dos lóbulos redondeados, Sobre la base de un material recolectado mucronada, la diferencian de las restantes especies recientemente en el sur de Chile se ha determinado que habitan en Chile (Fig. 1). un nuevo taxón adventicio en Chile y en Danthonia decumbens se encuentra en toda Sudamérica: Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC. El Europa, en el norte de Africa, Macaronesia, en el objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer esta entidad, Caucaso y Asia occidental (Clayton et al. 2007). originalmente descripta para el Viejo Mundo y También se ha registrado como maleza en Australia y establecer las diferencias con las restantes especies Nueva Zelanda (Baeza 2007, Clayton et al. 2007). En el presentes en Chile. continente americano se considera como adventicia y ha sido registrada previamente en Canadá, norte de Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC., Fl. Franc. 3: 33. los Estados Unidos de Norte América y en Costa Rica 1805. Fig. 1. (Baeza 1996, Baeza 2007, Clayton et al. 2007). En América del Norte esta especie introducida se presenta BASIONIMO: Festuca decumbens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. en praderas artificiales y en ambientes muy diversos, 1753. Tipo: Europa, Anon. [LT: LINN-92.16] desde bosques claros a praderas secas (Baeza 1996). 92 Danthonia decumbens en Chile: RÚGOLO DE AGRASAR, Z. ET AL. FIGURA 1. Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC.: A, planta completa e inflorescencia; B, parte de la hoja con la lígula; C, espiguilla; D, antecio, visto por el dorso de la lemma; E, antecio, visto por el dorso de la pálea; F, pálea, vista ventral con 2 estaminodios; G, pálea, vista ventral con gineceo y estaminodios; H, cariopsis, vista ventral; I, cariopsis, vista dorsal. Mieres s.n. (SI 85738). FIGURE 1. Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC.: A, complete plant and inflorescence; B, leaf section with ligule; C, spikelet; D, anthecium, view from the back of the lemma; E, anthecium, view from the back of the palea; F, palea, ventral view with 2 staminodes; G, palea, ventral view with gynoecium and staminodes; H, caryopsis, ventral view; I, caryopsis, dorsal view. Mieres s.n. (SI 85738). 93 Gayana Bot. 66(1), 2009 El presente hallazgo constituye el primer registro Región de Los Lagos, Provincia de Llanquihue, de esta especie en América del Sur y se sitúa en la alrededores de Aeropuerto El Tepual, 16 km al O de Provincia de Llanquihue, Región de Los Lagos, en el Puerto Montt, 41º 26’ S - 73º 05’ W, 75 m s.n.m., 13- sur de Chile. La localidad corresponde a los alrededores I-2007, G. Mieres s.n. (SGO 156531, CONC 167938, del actual Aeropuerto El Tepual (41º 26’ S - 73º 05’ W), SI 85738). 16 km al oeste de la ciudad de Puerto Montt. En Chile, D. decumbens fue registrada creciendo en matorral hidrófilo, dominado en el estrato AGRADECIMIENTOS arbustivo por Myrteola nummularia (Poir.) O.Berg (Myrtaceae), Gaultheria mucronata J.Remy A la Sra. Mélica Muñoz-Schick (SGO) por su ayuda (Ericaceae), Baccharis zoellneri F.H.Hellw. con el envío desde Chile hacia Argentina de la muestra (Asteraceae) y Berberis microphylla G.Forst. de herbario con la que se determinó este hallazgo. A (Berberidaceae), mientras que en el estrato herbáceo Alda Vizinis por la realización de la figura. son abundantes Blechnum penna-marina (Poiret) Kuhn (Blechnaceae), Gleichenia cryptocarpa Hook. (Gleicheniaceae), Carex fuscula d’Urv. y Carex sagei BIBLIOGRAFIA Phil. (Cyperaceae). Esta formación vegetal se ubica donde el bosque fue abierto para formar praderas BAEZA, C.M. 1996. Los géneros Danthonia DC. y Rytidosperma Steud. (Poaceae) en América – Una ganaderas y estaría en proceso de recuperación, revisión. Sendtnera 3: 11-93. aunque la regeneración de especies arbóreas es muy BAEZA, C.M. 2007. Danthonia. In: R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, escasa. En consideración de la cercanía del sitio al P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. aeropuerto de la ciudad de Puerto Montt, es posible Filgueiras & O. Morrone (eds.) Catalogue of New presumir que esta especie cosmopolita alcanzó el World Grasses. Versión 30-I-2007. URL: http:// mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/nwgc.html. territorio chileno transportada por vía aérea. CAFFERTY, S., C.E. JARVIS & N.J. TURLAND (Eds.). 2000. Con este hallazgo, el género Danthonia pasa a Typification of Linnean plant names in the estar representado en Chile continental por 9 Poaceae (Gramineae). Taxon 49(2): 239-260. taxones, de los cuales D. decumbens es la única CLAYTON, W.D., K.T. HARMAN & H.WILLIAMSON. 2007. especie adventicia. Se puede concluir que las GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. URL: http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html. espiguillas paucifloras, así como la lemma de ápice [Accedido el 09 de noviembre 2007; 13:00 GMT]. mucronado, sin lóbulos ni arista desarrollados, el NICORA, E. G. 1978. Gramineae. En: M. N. Correa (dir.). dorso glabro y los márgenes pilosos, la diferencian Flora Patagónica (República Argentina).Colección de las restantes especies que habitan en Chile y en Científica, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología la Argentina (Nicora 1978, Baeza 1996). Agropecuaria, (INTA) 8 (3): 1-563. NICORA, E. G. & Z. RÚGOLO DE AGRASAR. 1987. Los géneros de Gramíneas de América Austral. Argentina, MATERIAL ESTUDIADO: ESPAÑA: Santander, 18-VI- Chile, Uruguay y áreas limítrofes de Bolivia, 1925, Leroy 5637 (SI). CHECOESLOVAKIA: Paraguay y Brasil. Ed. Hemisferio Sur, Buenos Moravia, 11-III-1983, Bubela s.n. (SI 15408). CHILE: Aires, Argentina. 611 p. Recibido: 12.12.08 Aceptado: 29.12.08 94.
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