2004 Ieee International Solid-State Circuits Conference
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Commemorative Booklet for the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Microcomputer Workshop April 15-17, 2009 Programs from the 1975-2009 Worksho
35 Commemorative Booklet for the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Microcomputer Workshop April 15-17, 2009 Programs from the 1975-2009 Workshops This file available at www.amw.org AMW: 3dh Workshop Prologue - Ted Laliotis The Asilomar Microcomputer Workshop (AMW) has played a very important role during its 30 years ofexistence. Perhaps, that is why it continues to be well attended. The workshop was founded in 1975 as an IEEE technical workshop sponsored by the Western Area Committee ofthe IEEE Computer Society. The intentional lack of written proceedings and the exclusion of general press representatives was perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of AMW that made it so special and successful. This encouraged the scientists and engineers who were at the cutting edge ofthe technology, the movers and shakers that shaped Silicon Valley, the designers of the next generation microprocessors, to discuss and debate freely the various issues facing microprocessors. In fact, many features, or lack of, were born during the discussions and debates at AMW. We often referred to AMW and its attendees as the bowels of Silicon Valley, even though attendees came from all over the country, and the world. Another characteristic that made AMW special was the "required" participation and contribution by all attendees. Every applicant to attend AMW had to convince the committee that he had something to contribute by speaking during one of the sessions or during the open mike session. In the event that someone slipped through and was there only to listen, that person was not invited back the following year. The decades ofthe 70's and 80's were probably the defining decades for the amazing explosion of microcomputers. -
As Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 27, 1998
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON AUGUST 27, 1998 Registration No. 333-60129 ================================================================================ SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ________________ AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO FORM S-4 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 ________________ MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 3674 (Primary standard industrial classification code number) DELAWARE 75-1618004 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 8000 SOUTH FEDERAL WAY WILBUR G. STOVER, JR. P.O. BOX 6 VICE PRESIDENT OF FINANCE AND BOISE, IDAHO 83707-0006 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER (208) 368-4000 MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. (Address, including zip code, 8000 SOUTH FEDERAL WAY and telephone number, including BOISE, IDAHO 83707-0006 area code, of registrant's principal (208) 368-4000 executive offices) (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) ________________ Copies to: P. CHRISTIAN ANDERSON SUSAN DUNN DAVID G. ANGERBAUER DAVID HEALY Holland & Hart LLP FENWICK & WEST LLP Suite 500 TWO PALO ALTO SQUARE 215 SOUTH STATE STREET PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 94306 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84111-2346 (650) 494-0600 (801) 595-7800 Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective and the satisfaction or waiver of certain other conditions under the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization described herein. If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box. -
Microprocessor Architecture
OPROCESSOR TODAY Michael Safer mrom their humble beginnings 25 years communication tasks in multimedia PCs. ago, microprocessors have proliferat- Although the desktop computer market MicroDesign Resources r ed into an astounding range of chips, tends to discard old processors in just a few powering devices ranging from telephones years, many processors survive for an amaz- to supercomputers. Today, microprocessors ingly long time in the embedded market. for personal computers get widespread Personal computers have moved from 8- to attention-and have enabled Intel to 16-bit and now to 32-bit processors, and become the world’s largest semiconductor many workstations and servers are already maker. In addition, embedded micro- using 64-bit microprocessors. In the embed- processors are at the heart of a diverse range ded market, however, even 4-bit micro- of devices that have become staples of con- processors continue to sell well, and E-bit sumers worldwide. devices lead in volume. Microprocessors have become specialized Figure 1 shows the changes in market in many ways. Those for desktop computers share for 32- and 64-bit microprocessors over fall into classes based on their instruction set the past five years. Driven by the success of architectures: either x86, the primary sur- the PC, the x86 architecture has dominated. viving complex instruction set computing Motorola’s 68000 has held a strong second- (CISC) architecture, or one of the five major place position in units (though not in dollars), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) with the embedded market as its stronghold. architectures-PA-RISC, Mips, Spare, Alpha, Hitachi’s SuperH has come from nowhere to and PowerPC. -
Chapter 6 Hardware Support for Efficient SIMD Processing
Copyright by Deependra Talla 2001 The Dissertation Committee for Deependra Talla Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Architectural Techniques to Accelerate Multimedia Applications on General-Purpose Processors Committee: ____________________________ Lizy K. John, Supervisor ____________________________ James O. Bondi ____________________________ Brian L. Evans ____________________________ Ching-Yu Hung ____________________________ Stephen W. Keckler ____________________________ Earl E. Swartzlander, Jr. Architectural Techniques to Accelerate Multimedia Applications on General-Purpose Processors by Deependra Talla, B.E., M.S.E.E. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2001 This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends. Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my advisor, Prof. Lizy John for her support, advice, guidance, and good wishes. Lizy has had a profound influence not only as my graduate advisor in Austin, but also on my life. Her availability at all times in- cluding weekends, dedication towards work and family, professional integrity, and pursuit of perfection helped me become a better individual. I am grateful to her for the freedom and flexibility she gave me during the three years I spent in Austin. My gratitude goes to the committee members (in alphabetical order), Dr. James Bondi, Prof. Brian Evans, Dr. Ching-Yu Hung, Prof. Steve Keckler, and Prof. Earl Swartzlander, for their helpful comments, productive suggestions, and the time for reading the draft of my thesis. The mid-term evaluation helped me immensely to finish this work. -
Architectural Enhancements for Simd-Style Multimedia
ARCHITECTURAL ENHANCEMENTS FOR SIMD-STYLE MULTIMEDIA PROCESSING IN GENERAL-PURPOSE PROCESSORS by SHUTHAKINI ANUGITHAN A thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Engineering) Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada April 2007 Copyright c Shuthakini Anugithan, 2007 Abstract ULTIMEDIA applications are becoming increasingly common in personal comput- M ers. Hence, efficient multimedia processing is required in general-purpose pro- cessors. Subword parallelism in the form of SIMD (Single-Instruction, Multiple-Data) processing has commonly been adapted for multimedia processing in general-purpose pro- cessors. However, there have been problems reported with this method. In addition, there have also been problems reported on the behaviour of conventional cache systems for mul- timedia applications. This thesis briefly outlines the problems, and proposes a new general-purpose processor architecture known as Media-TCM (Media-Tightly-Coupled Memory). It uses a newly introduced feature known as TCM (Tightly-Coupled Memory) to gain performance. The TCM is a low-latency on-chip memory used for efficient handling of multimedia data. Several new instructions are introduced to assist this task. The features of the Media-TCM architecture are designed to be easily adaptable to the existing general-purpose processors. The performance of the Media-TCM architecture is evaluated with the help of a sim- ulation model which is developed using the SimpleScalar tool set. The performance is compared with those of a processor enhanced with the Altivec multimedia extension for PowerPC and a processor with no multimedia extensions. A simulation model for Altivec is not currently available. -
Section 6 MOS MPU, MCU, and Peripherals Market Trends
MOS MPU, MCU, AND PERIPHERALS 6 MARKET TRENDS OVERVIEW MOS microcomponents include MPUs, MCUs, DSP devices, and microperipheral devices. As defined by the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), microprocessors (MPUs) are program- mable devices that execute programs stored in external memory. Microcontrollers (MCUs) con- tain all of a computerÕs electronic components, including program memory, on a single chip. Digital signal processors (DSPs) are processors that are optimized to process highly math-inten- sive digitized analog signals. Microperipherals (MPRs) are peripheral chips such as sound and video devices designed to work with MPUs and MCUs. Quarterly history of the MOS microcomponent market between 1990 and 1996 is shown in Figure 6-1. It is interesting to note the repetitive ASP pattern that occurred in each year since 1990. In the fourth quarter of each year, the microcomponent ASP surged. The growth extended into the first quarter of the following year before declining during the middle two quarters. Beginning in the second half of 1994, the microcomponent market grew rapidly as sales of less costly 486 and hot- selling Pentium MPUs took off. For three years in a row (1993-1995), the microcomponent market experienced excellent growth (40 percent in 1995, 25 percent in 1994, and 37 percent in 1993). Figure 6-2 shows unit volume and average selling price (ASP) details for the major segments of the microcomponent market. Severe price erosion on 486s and steady price reductions on Pentiums contributed to a seven percent decline in ASPs for the 32-/64-bit MPU segment in 1996. Average selling prices may have declined further, but Intel continued to introduce newer, faster, and more expensive devices throughout the year. -
PC 99 System Design Guide
ix Welcome This guide is for engineers who build personal computers, expansion cards, and peripheral devices that will be used with the Microsoft ® Windows ® 98 and Windows2000 operating systems. The goal of this document is to provide guidelines for hardware design that will result in the optimal user experience, particularly when the hardware is used with the Windows family of operating systems. This guide is co-authored by Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. The requirements and recommendations in this guide outline features that the hardware industry should consider in designing PCs and peripherals for various price levels and performance levels. The clarifications, changes, and additional requirements in this guide define extensions to the requirements defined in PC 98 System Design Guide (Microsoft Press ®, 1997; ISBN 1-57231-716-7) for 1998–99. This guide includes PC 99 requirements for basic consumer and office implementations, such as desktop, mobile, and workstation systems, and for Entertainment PCs .It also includes updates from the PC 99 Addendum that are highlighted in yellow onscreen (see “Conventions Used in This Guide” later in this section). In this guide, the following requirements are defined: • Design requirements for specific types of systems that will run either Windows 98 or Windows 2000 operating systems • Design requirements related to the OnNow design initiative, including requirements related to the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) specification, Plug and Play device configuration, and power management in PC systems • Manageability requirements that focus on improving Windows 98 and Windows 2000, with the end goal of reducing total cost of ownership (TCO) • Clarifications and additional design requirements for devices supported under Windows 98 and Windows 2000, including new graphics and video device capabilities, DVD, scanners and digital cameras, and other devices 1997-1999 Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. -
Section 2. Worldwide IC Vendors
2 WORLDWIDE IC VENDORS OVERVIEW Figure 2-1 provides a breakdown of worldwide IC sales by North American, Japanese, European, and Rest-of-World (ROW) companies for 1975-1995. As can be seen, sales by North American companies were overwhelmingly dominant in the mid-1970’s. However, by the mid-1980’s the majority of the world’s IC sales were about evenly split between North American and Japanese companies. By 1990 the Japanese had increased their share of worldwide IC sales to 48 percent, but in 1992 Japan’s economy weakened causing their share to begin falling. A persistent econom- ic slump in the following years coupled with the Koreans’ success in the MOS memory market caused the Japanese share to continue falling. 80 70% 70 63% 60 50 48% 46% 43% 42% 40 36% 36% Percent 30 27% 20 18% 15%** 10% 9% 10% 10 8% 6% 7% 2% 2% 2% 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Year = North American Companies = European Companies = Japanese Companies = ROW Companies ** Korean companies' share is 10 percentage points. Source: ICE, "Status 1996" 13743R Figure 2-1. Marketshares of Worldwide IC Sales ($) INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ENGINEERING CORPORATION 2-1 Worldwide IC Vendors For the past 21 years European companies have continued to represent between seven and ten percent of worldwide IC sales. Meanwhile, the ROW companies have increase their share from about one percent to 15 percent. 1992 was the first year that the ROW IC companies (primarily Korean and Taiwanese) sold more ICs (in dollars) than the indigenous European companies! In 1995, sales by ROW IC companies were more than double those of European IC companies. -
The Microprocessor Today
THE MICROPROCESSOR TODAY Michael Slater rom their humble beginnings 25 years communication tasks in multimedia PCs. ago, microprocessors have proliferat- Although the desktop computer market MicroDesign Resources Fed into an astounding range of chips, tends to discard old processors in just a few powering devices ranging from telephones years, many processors survive for an amaz- to supercomputers. Today, microprocessors ingly long time in the embedded market. for personal computers get widespread Personal computers have moved from 8- to attention—and have enabled Intel to 16-bit and now to 32-bit processors, and become the world’s largest semiconductor many workstations and servers are already maker. In addition, embedded micro- using 64-bit microprocessors. In the embed- processors are at the heart of a diverse range ded market, however, even 4-bit micro- of devices that have become staples of con- processors continue to sell well, and 8-bit sumers worldwide. devices lead in volume. Microprocessors have become specialized Figure 1 shows the changes in market in many ways. Those for desktop computers share for 32- and 64-bit microprocessors over fall into classes based on their instruction set the past five years. Driven by the success of architectures: either x86, the primary sur- the PC, the x86 architecture has dominated. viving complex instruction set computing Motorola’s 68000 has held a strong second- (CISC) architecture, or one of the five major place position in units (though not in dollars), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) with the embedded market as its stronghold. architectures—PA-RISC, Mips, Sparc, Alpha, Hitachi’s SuperH has come from nowhere to and PowerPC. -
Section 2 Worldwide IC Vendors
2 WORLDWIDE IC VENDORS OVERVIEW Figure 2-1 provides a breakdown of worldwide IC sales by North American, Japanese, European, and Rest-of-World (ROW) companies for 1975-1996. As can be seen, sales by North American companies were overwhelmingly dominant in the mid-1970Õs. However, by the mid-1980Õs the majority of the worldÕs IC sales were about evenly split between North American and Japanese companies. By 1990, the Japanese had increased their share of worldwide IC sales to 48 percent, but in 1992 JapanÕs economy weakened causing their share to begin falling. A persistent economic slump in the following years coupled with the KoreansÕ success in the MOS memory market caused the Japanese share to continue falling. The Japanese share fell further in 1996 primarily because of yen to dollar exchange rate and the decline in the DRAM market. 80 70% 70 63% 60 50 48% 46% 46% 43% 42% 40 36% 36% Percent 32% 30 27% 20 18% 15%* 13%* 10% 9% 10% 9% 10 8% 6% 7% 2% 2% 2% 2% 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 (EST) Year = North American Companies = European Companies = Japanese Companies = ROW Companies * Korean companies' share was 11 percent in 1995 and 9 percent in 1996. Source: ICE, "Status 1997" 13743T Figure 2-1. Marketshares of Worldwide IC Sales ($) INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ENGINEERING CORPORATION 2-1 Worldwide IC Vendors For the past 21 years European companies have continued to represent between seven and ten percent of worldwide IC sales. Meanwhile, the share of the ROW companies (primarily Korean and Taiwanese) surpassed that of the European companies in 1992, reaching 15 percent in 1995. -
2 Field-Programmable Gate Arrays 8 2.1 Background
Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Hades: fast hardware synthesis tools and a reconfigurable coprocessor Author(s): Ludwig, Stefan Hans-Melchior Publication Date: 1997 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-001859409 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Hades — Fast Hardware Synthesis Tools and a Reconfigurable Coprocessor Diss. ETH No. 12276 Hades — Fast Hardware Synthesis Tools and a Reconfigurable Coprocessor A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH (ETH ZURICH¨ ) for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences presented by Stefan Hans-Melchior Ludwig Dipl. Informatik-Ing. ETH born May 21, 1966 citizen of Schiers, Graub¨unden accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. N. Wirth, examiner Prof. Dr. H. Eberle, co-examiner 1997 c Stefan H.-M. Ludwig, 1997 Fur¨ Irene, Vanessa und Cyril. Fur¨ meine Eltern. Acknowledgments I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude to my advisor Prof. Niklaus Wirth. His striving for simplicity and understandability are unparalleled. If Hades is fast, it is because of the constant “fear” of spending a cycle too much here or a byte too much there. He is a fabulous teacher and it was a pleasure to work under his supervision. I thank Prof. Hans Eberle for being my co-examiner. His knowledge in hardware design was very welcomed during the development of the Hades hardware and his constant skepticism of the feasibility of reconfigurable coprocessors was a driving force behind this work.