Archaeological Monitoring of the Construction of the Eastbound Component of the Provencher Paired Bridges
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE EASTBOUND COMPONENT OF THE PROVENCHER PAIRED BRIDGES Submitted to Wardrop Engineering Inc . Quaternary Consultants Limited April 2002 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The construction of the east bound component of the new Provencher Bridge resulted in considerable excavation on the west and east banks of the Red River, immediately south of the existing bridge. Archaeological monitoring of mechanized excavation, abutment and pier caisson drilling, and bank stabilization rock caisson drilling resulted in the recording of stratigraphic profiles and the recovery of diagnostic artifacts. The recoveries from the west abutment area indicated a lengthy period (more than one century) of bank modification through sequential deposition of fill layers. These layers consisted of clay, clay with structural debris from building demolition, railroad cinders, sand and gravel, silty clay, building debris, and various other materials. The stratigraphy indicates activity by the railroads who used the bank area as a fill deposition location for disposal of cinders produced by the coal-buming locomotives and the steam plant as well as the use of clay fill from various locations throughout the city to build up the elevation of the area. Industrial activities by the City Asphalt Plant and Building Products are also represented in the deposition layers. The artifacts from the cinder layers indicate two main periods of deposition-around World War I and post-1950. The stratigraphy on the east bank showed minimal modification south of the Provencher Bridge, even though a commercial establishment had existed at the southwest comer of Provencher Boulevard and Tache Avenue for the better part of a century. The most complex stratigraphy and location of artifact recoveries occurred on the north side of the existing bridge. During monitoring of rock caisson drilling, historic artifacts from the early 1900s were encountered at depths greater than six metres. This layer, plus the sequence of layers above it, indicates sequential fill deposition on the riverbank thereby inducing subsidence followed by further deposition and further subsidence. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVESUMMARY ....................................... .i . TABLEOFCONTENTS ....................................... 11 LISTOFAPPENDICES ........................................ v LISTOFFIGURES ........................................... vi LISTOFTABLES ........................................... vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................1 1.1 Location and Scope of the Project .................................... 1 1.2StudyTeam ..................................................4 1.3 Excavation Monitoring Methodology ..................................4 1.4 Archaeological Site Designation ..................................... 5 1.5 Laboratory Procedures ........................................... 6 2.0 STRATIGRAPHY ............................................ 7 2.1 West Abutment ................................................7 2.2 East Abutment ............................................... 10 2.2.1 Abutment Excavations ........................................ 10 2.2.2 Rock Caissons ............................................. 10 3.0 WEST ABUTMENT ARTIFACTS ................................. 13 3.1 Architectural Objects ........................................... 13 3.1.1Hardware ................................................ 13 3.1.1.1 Washer ............................................... 13 3.1.1.2DoorKnob ............................................. 13 3.1.1.3 Porcelain House Insulators ................................... 14 3.1.1.4 Miscellanwus Electrical ..................................... 14 3.1.2 Structural Elements .......................................... 15 3.1.2.1Tile .................................................. 15 3.1.2.2Brick ................................................. 15 3.1.3 Accoutrements ............................................. 15 3.1.3.1 Windowpane ............................................ 15 3.1.3.2 Bathroom Fixtures ........................................ 16 3.1.3.3 Coat Hook .............................................16 3.1.4 Furniture ................................................ 16 3.1.5 Detached Structure .......................................... 16 3.2 Lighting Equipment ............................................ 17 3.2.1 Electric Lighting ............................................ 17 3.2.2 Battery ..................................................18 3.3 Manufacturing Equipment ........................................ 18 3.4Medicine ...................................................18 3.5Communication ..............................................18 3.5.1 Telecommunication .......................................... 18 3.5.2 Written Communication ....................................... 19 3.6 Food Processing .............................................. 20 3.7Commerce .................................................. 20 3.8 Clothing ...................................................20 3.9Recreation ..................................................21 3.10Adornment ................................................. 22 3.11Transportation ..............................................22 3.11.1 Railroad ..................... ........................... 22 3.11.2 Vehicle ................................................. 22 3.12Unknown ..................................................23 3.13FaunalRemains .............................................. 24 3.14Containers ................................................. 26 3.14.1 Storage .................................................26 3.14.1.1 Metal Containers ........................................ 26 3.14.1.2 Ceramic Containers .......................................26 3.14.1.2.1 Crocks .............................................27 3.14.1.2.2Bottles .............................................28 3.14.1.2.3Jugs ..............................................29 3.14.1.2.4 Jars ...............................................30 3.14.1.3 Glass Containers .........................................30 3.14.1.3.1 Closures ............................................ 30 3.14.1.3.2 Canning Sealers ....................................... 31 3.14.1.3.3 Condiment and Food Produce Containers ....................... 31 3.14.1.3.3.1 Jams and Jellies .....................................31 3.14.1.3.3.2 Sauces and Liquids ...................................32 3.14.1.3.3.3Foods ........................................... 36 3.14.1.3.4Carboys ............................................ 40 3.14.1.3.5 Ink Bottles .......................................... 40 3.14.1.3.6 Milk (or Dairy) Bottles .................................. 43 3.14.1.3.7 Medicine Bottles ...................................... 47 3.14.1.3.8 Chemical Containers .................................... 53 3.14.1.3.9 Cosmetic Containers .................................... 56 3.14.1.3.10 Juice Bottles ........................................ 59 3.14.1.3.11 Soft Drink Bottles ..................................... 60 3.14.1.3.12 Beer Bottles ......................................... 65 3.14.1.3.13 Beverage Bottles ......................................68 3.14.1.3.13.1 Winnipeg Bottling Firms ..............................68 3.14.1.3.13.2 Non-Winnipeg Bottling Firms ........................... 71 3.14.1.3.13.3 Unascribed Beverage Bottles ............................ 71 3.14.1.3.14 Wine Bottles ........................................73 3.14.1.3.15 Gin Bottles .........................................74 3.14.1.3.16 Rum Bottles ........................................75 3.14.1.3.17 Whisky Bottles ....................................... 75 3.14.1.3.18 Liquor Bottles ....................................... 76 3.14.1.3.19 Unassigned Bottles .................................... 79 3.14.1.3.19.1 Amethyst Unassigned Bottles ........................... 79 3.14.1.3.19.2 Aqua Unassigned Bottles .............................. 79 3.14.1.3.19.3 Blue Unassigned Bottles ............................... 80 3.14.1.3.19.4 Brown Unassigned Bottles ............................. 81 3.14.1.3.19.5 Clear Unassigned Bottles ..............................82 3.14.1.3.19.5.1 Clear Unassigned Bottles with No Markings ................ 82 3.14.1.3.19.5.2 Clear Unassigned Bottles with Markings .................. 84 3.14.1.3.19.6 Green Unassigned Bottles .............................. 86 3.14.2Cooking ............................................... 87 3.14.3Ornamental .............................................. 88 3.15Dinnerware ................................................ 89 3.15.1 Glass Artifacts ............................................90 3.15.2 Metal Artifacts ............................................91 3.15.3 Ceramic Artifacts ..........................................92 3.15.3.1 White Ceramics ......................................... 92 3.15.3.1.1 Manufacturers of White Ceramics ...........................92 3.15.3.1.2 Embossing and Molding on White Ceramics .....................95 3.15.3.1.3 Other Marks on White Ceramics ............................ 95 3.15.3.2 Gold-on-White Ceramics ................................... 95 3.15.3.3 Blue-on-White Ceramics .................................... 97 3.15.3.4 Green-on-White Ceramics ................................... 97 3.15.3.4.1 Line Patterns ........................................ 98 3.15.3.4.1.1 Three Green Lines .................................. 98