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Memoirs of the Queensland Museum (ISSN 0079-8835) VOLUME 51 PART 2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM BRISBANE 31 DECEMBER 2005 © Queensland Museum PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/resources/resourcewelcome.html A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF SMALL TICKING AND ‘CHIRPING’ CICADAS (HEMIPTERA: CICADOIDEA: CICADIDAE) FROM QUEENSLAND, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THEIR SONGS A. EWART Ewart, A. 2005 12 01: New genera and species of small ticking and ‘chirping’ cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) from Queensland, with descriptions of their songs. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51(2): 439-500. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Five new genera of small cicadas (<15 mm total body length), including nine new species, are described, all assigned to the Cicadidae, Tibicininae, and Tribe Cicadettini. The genera are Crotopsalta, Gagatopsalta, Caliginopsalta, Pipilopsalta and Drymopsalta. The new species are Crotopsalta plexis, C. fronsecetes, C. strenulum, C. poaecetes, G. auranti, G. obscurus, Caliginopsalta percola, P. ceuthoviridis, and D. crepitum. Descriptions, distribution, behaviour and songs are provided for each genus and species. The Crotopsalta species are characterised by simple ticking songs, differing with respect to their pulse repetition rates and pulse structures between species. Increasingly complex chirping songs, comprising short echemes containing multiple pulses, characterise the Caliginopsalta and Pipilopsalta songs. Even more complex temporal patterning and structure of the chirp echemes characterise the Gagatopsalta and the D. crepitum songs, the latter exhibiting a remarkable series of song patterns. 9 Ticking cicadas, chirping cicadas, Queensland, songs, Cicadidae. A. Ewart, Queensland Museum, GPO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia (email: [email protected]): 22 September 2004. The Australian cicada fauna is not well chirping songs are known in species belonging to documented. There are many known but still several described genera, this work describes five undescribed species in museums and private new genera (Table 1) containing nine previously collections and many new species are still being undescribed species. collected. Current taxonomic research is addressing the overdue higher systematics of ABBREVIATIONS. Repositories: ANIC, cicadas in general, and in particular clarifying Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra; and extending the generic classification of AE, private collection of A. Ewart; BMNH, The Australian species (Moulds, in press). Apart Natural History Museum, London; LWP, private from their inherent importance in species collection of L.W. Popple, Brisbane; MSM, recognition, cicada songs are valuable tools private collection of M.S. Moulds, Sydney; QM, taxonomically. In the field, they provide Queensland Museum, Brisbane; UQIC, The excellent means for identification of known University of Queensland Insect Collection. The species and recognition of new species and following abbreviations apply to the paratype species complexes. Songs are species specific, data: Ck, Creek; HS, Homestead; Hwy, with many Australian and overseas examples Highway; jct, junction; L, Lake; NP, National now documented (e.g. Myers, 1929; Alexander Park; Pty, property; Ra, Range; Rd, Road; Rec, & Moore, 1958; Young, 1972; Ewart, 1988, recorded (= aural/electronic song recording); R, 1989, 1998; Ewart & Popple, 2001; Popple, river; SF, state forest; sp, species; spec, specimen; 2003; Simões et al., 2000; Sueur, 2002). Stn, Station (HS); xing, crossing; CB, C. Burwell; DC, D. Cook; GD, G. Daniels; SE, S. This work stems from the recognition, in Evans; AE, A. Ewart; RBL, R.B. Lachlan; CL, C. Queensland, of small and inconspicuous cicadas Lambkin; SL, S. Lamond; RM, R. MacSloy; SM, emitting soft and apparently simple ticking S. McEvey; GBM, G.B. Monteith; GB&SRM, songs, as well as other small species emitting G.B. & S.R Monteith; JM, J. Moss; MSM&BJM, slightly more complex chirping songs. The field M.S. & B.J. Moulds; JN, J. Nowland; LWP, L.W. recognition of these songs has been greatly aided Popple; LW&RP, L.W. & R. Popple; IR, I. by use of a bat detector. Detailed descriptions of Rattray; DMR, D.M. Reeves; JS, J. Skevington; these songs are provided, based on field and MAS, M.A. Schneider; RS, R. Stoodley; AS, A. laboratory sound recordings. Although sharp Strange; AW-H, A. Walford-Huggins; SW, S. 440 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM TABLE 1. Summary of selected morphological characters, for males only, distinguishing the five genera described Genera: Crotopsalta Gagatopsalta Caliginopsalta Pipilopsalta Drymopsalta Tending rounded, Abdomen: shape Evenly tapered Cylindrical, gentle Evenly tapered Slender and evenly distally tapered distally distally bulbous in dorsal (in dorsal view): and lateral profile tapered distally Rostrum: Mid coxae Between mid and Hind coxae Mid coxae Hind coxae Extends to: hind coxae Fore wing: Approximately Approximately Approximately Mostly shorter than Approximately equal. Lengths of apical equal. equal. equal. ulnar cells. cells compared to ulnar cells: Costal vein; anterior curvature Gently curved Gently curved Gently curved Minimal curvature Marked anterior proximal to node: curvature Hind wing: 6 6 6 6 5 to 6 (rarely 4) Apical cells: Brown infuscation Hindwing: None None within plaga and None None Infuscation: anal lobe Moderately Weakly elongated, Rounded along Broadly rounded Moderately elongated elongated, rounded along distal and medial along medial-distal with oblique, blunt to Operculae: rounded along distal to medial shape: margins; gently margins; gently variably rounded distal margin; margins; marked domed and ridged domed and ridged. distal margin. marked ridge. ridge. Operculae: Separation of Clearly separated Clearly separated Clearly separated Separated but Clearly separated inner margins : closely spaced Timbals: Long ribs: 4; rib 5 shortened 5 5; rib 4 5; ribs 4 and 5 4to5;ribs4±5 Ribs fused in length 1to2 discontinuous. shortened. shortened. ventrally: 1to3(±4) 1to3 1to4 1to2 1to3 Ribs fused to 1to4 1to3 1to2 1to4 basal spur: Pygofer: Ovoid to roughly Shape (dorsal Broadly pyriform Ovoid. Ovoid. Ovoid. rectangular. view): Extended Curved, anteriorly Extended Pygofer: orthogonally, Sharply terminated pointing and Extended steeply, orthogonally, Uncal lobes: thickened and and extended. sharply subacute and thickened and rounded apically terminated. curved. rounded apically. Triangular, Prominent, Pygofer: pointing steeply extended distally Prominent, Rounded and not Moderately extended, Upper lobes: ventrally, and apically rounded apically strongly extended subacute, rounded rounded apically rounded. apically. Pygofer: Lower Clearly defined Partly hidden (in Rounded, slightly Well developed, lobes: and rounded. lateral view) Small and rounded elongated. rounded apically. Visible, subacute, Pygofer: Inner Not developed. Rounded, Not developed. but not prominent Not developed. lobes: extended ventrally (in lateral view) Moderately Prominent and Conspicuous, sharply Pygofer: Beak: Inconspicuous to Prominent and developed, clearly defined in lateral absent. rounded. visible. rounded. profile. Wright, FRW, F.R. Wylie; DY, D. Yeates. Other Dugdale (1972), and Moulds (2003) for abbreviations used in the main text are: BL, total genitalia; de Boer (1999) for operculae, and body length; FWL, fore wing length; HW, head Simmons & Young (1978), Dugdale (1972) and width; PW, pronotum width; AW, abdomen Bennet-Clark (1997) for timbals. The timbal width; FWL/BR, fore wing length/breadth ratio. long ribs are referred to sequentially as ribs numbered 1-4 (±5), with rib 1 being the most MATERIALS AND METHODS posterior rib (i.e. adjacent to the timbal plate). Measurements (in mm) are given as ranges and The anatomical terminology follows Moulds means (in parentheses) of a subset of specimens (1990; in press) and Duffels (1977) for general body and wing characters; Duffels (1977), from each species, including the smallest and largest available specimens. The head width is NEW TICKING AND CHIRPING CICADAS FROM QUEENSLAND 441 taken across the outer margins of the compound the WM-D6C cassette recorder, as well as in eyes; pronotum width is the maximum measured containers. width; the abdomen is measured across the Computer analyses were performed by initial auditory capsules. The fore wing length/breadth digitising through a 16-Bit Terratec sound card at ratios are based on maximum measured values of 44.1 kHz sampling frequency, followed by each parameter for each fore wing. processing with Avisoft SASLab Pro 4 software. These data are stored in a library of mostly SONG RECORDINGS AND ANALYSES Queensland cicada songs held at the Queensland Non-field recorded songs were made, using Museum. metal tapes, with a Sony Walkman cassette A modified terminology of Ragge & Reynolds recorder WM-D6C model, in conjunction with a (1998) is
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