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Francois Lake Management Plan May 2000 Prepared by Lisa

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Francois Lake Management Plan May 2000 Prepared by Lisa Francois Lake Management Plan May 2000 Prepared by Lisa Westenhofer, Anne-Marie Roberts and Ian Sharpe for the Funded by the Ministry of Environment Lands and Parks FRANCOIS LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN PREPARED BY LISA WESTENHOFER, ANNE-MARIE ROBERTS AND IAN SHARPE FOR THE LAKES PROTECTION SOCIETY PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BC ENVIRONMENT SMITHERS, BC MAY, 2000 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This edition of the Francois Lake Management Plan was prepared under the guidance of Ian Sharpe, Impact Assessment Biologist, B.C Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. We extend a special thank you to Shauna Rysavy for being able to draw on the ideas and information contained in the management plans that she prepared for Lake Kathlyn and Tyhee Lake. These management plans had great impact on the format and character of this plan. We would also like to acknowledge Brice Field (1999), and Hina Zaidi (2000) Katimavik Participants for their contributions to updating sections of this plan. We thank the many individuals, citizens and agency staff who provided the information contained in the plan. The co-operation, support and input of the Lakes Protection Society members was greatly appreciated. This project was funded by the Environmental Protection Branch of the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Thanks to the BC Lakes Stewardship Society this plan is available at www.nalms.org/bclss/lakestewardshiptools.htm ii FOREWORD This Lake Management Plan was written for the purpose of allowing the residents on and around Francois Lake to have a voice in the future development plans for this area. It is hoped that the Regional District of Bulkley Nechako planners will make use of this plan when deciding on future development strategies. iii iv CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 5 LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF APPENDICES 6 1. MANAGEMENT PLAN -GOAL STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVES 7 1.1 GOAL STATEMENT:7 1.2 OBJECTIVES:7 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 2.1 IDENTIFYING ISSUES - WHAT DID WE SPEND OUR TIME DOING?8 2.2 UNDERSTANDING THE ISSUES - WHAT IS INVOLVED?8 2.3 ACTIONS NEEDED 8 SOLUTIONS THROUGH DIRECT ACTIONS 10 ACTION THROUGH INFLUENCING LAND USE DECISIONS 11 2.4 OUTSTANDING ISSUES 11 3. METHODS 13 3.1 STRATEGIC PLANNING/ SYSTEMS DESIGN 13 3.2 CONSENSUS BUILDING 14 4. NUTRIENTS IN LAKE SYSTEMS 16 4.1 TROPHIC STATUS 16 4.2 NUTRIENTS- PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN 17 4.3 PHOSPHORUS LIMITED LAKES 17 4.4 NUTRIENT SOURCES- INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LOADING 17 INTERNAL SOURCES 17 EXTERNAL SOURCES 18 4.5 NUTRIENT MODELS 18 5. WATERSHED & LIMNOLOGICAL INFORMATION 20 5.1 WATERSHED 20 LAND USE ACTIVITIES 20 ZONING 23 WATER SOURCES - TRIBUTARIES AND GROUNDWATER 23 WATER BODY USAGE MAP AND BATHYMETRIC MAP 23 5.2 LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 24 MORPHOMETRIC DATA 24 PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS 24 1 Transparency (Secchi Disk) 25 Temperature profile 26 Dissolved oxygen profile 26 Alkalinity/ pH 28 Nutrients - phosphorus and nitrogen 29 5.3 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 29 ALGAE AND AQUATIC PLANTS 29 Elodea canadensis 30 ZOOPLANKTON 30 FISH 31 TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE AND WATERFOWL 31 6. DIAGNOSIS OF FRANCOIS LAKE 32 6.1 INTERRELATEDNESS ANALYSIS 32 KEY COMPONENTS OF THE PHYSICAL SYSTEM 32 Physical habitat 32 KEY COMPONENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL - CHEMICAL SYSTEM 33 Fish populations 33 KEY COMPONENTS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM 34 Health issues 34 Development / Changes to landuse 34 Development / Forest management around Francois Lake 35 Development / Highways and Transportation around Francois Lake 35 Resources at risk 35 6.2 RANGE OF DESIRED OUTCOMES OF VARIED USER GROUPS 36 6.3 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 36 7. ASSESSING LAKE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 38 7.1 TYPES OF ANALYSIS 38 COST BENEFIT 38 7.2 SELECTING OPTIONS 38 7.3 LAKE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 39 THE OPTION OF DOING NOTHING 39 OTHER LAKE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 39 8. POTENTIAL LAKE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 40 8.1 CONTROL OF FOREST MANAGEMENT 40 8.2 CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS WITHIN THE WATERSHED 40 CHEMICAL USE BY LAKESHORE RESIDENTS AND RESORT OWNERS 40 PESTICIDES 41 Permitting process - Pesticide Use Permits and Pest Management Plans 41 Pesticide permit applicants and the public 43 Northwest BC Coalition to Alternative Pesticides 43 Northwest Weed Committee 43 2 Permit conditions 43 Alternatives to using herbicides 44 FERTILIZER USE 44 Operational costs 44 Season and method of application 44 “No fertilizer application zone” 45 Five Year Silviculture Plan / Forest Development Plan 45 DUST CONTROL 46 Public involvement 46 Alternative to chemical control of road dust 46 8.3 AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT 46 INTEGRATED AQUATIC VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 47 8.4 ZONING AND DEVELOPMENT 48 BYLAW 700: RURAL PLAN 48 LAND AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN (LRMP) 49 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PLANS 49 USER RECREATION FOR ENTERTAINMENT PURPOSES (U.R.E.P.) 49 ALLOCATION OF SURFACE WATER 50 8.5 ENDAKO MINE 51 GENERAL OPERATION 51 METAL ACCUMULATION IN SEDIMENTS 51 FISH AND ALGAL STUDIES 51 Fish Study 51 Algae Study 52 Water quality objectives for Molybdenum 52 ENDAKO MINE COMMUNITY LIAISON COMMITTEE 52 CLOSURE PLAN 53 8.6 FISHERIES OPTIONS 53 VOLUNTEER MONITORING 53 On the dock - Angler surveys 54 Streamkeepers program 54 HARVEST RESTRICTIONS 55 FISHING DERBIES 55 INDEXED GILLNETTING SITES 56 CREEL SURVEY 56 HABITAT RESTORATION/PROTECTION 57 Nithi River 57 Mapping culverts 57 8.7 SEPTIC SYSTEM FAILURE, REMEDIATION AND MAINTENANCE 60 8.8 AGRICULTURAL LAND: MAINTENANCE AND REMEDIATION 61 SHORELINE SURVEY 61 VOLUNTEER MONITORING 61 ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND FARMING PRACTICES - CONTROLLING RUNOFF AND EROSION 61 Manure storage - bunkers 61 Ditches and impoundments 61 Soil conservation practices 62 NON-REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS 62 Best agricultural waste management plans 62 Best soil management plans 62 Nitrogen behaviour simulation computer model 63 3 LIVESTOCK WATERING 63 8.9 PUBLIC EDUCATION 64 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF LAKE QUALITY 65 9.1 WATER QUALITY 65 9.2 SEDIMENT CORES 67 TYPES OF ANALYSIS 67 10. RECOMMENDATIONS 68 10.1 PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAM 68 10.2 SEPTIC SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 68 10.3 AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT 69 10.4 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 69 SHORT TERM 69 LONG TERM 70 10.5 HABITAT RESTORATION AND PROTECTION 70 10.6 GROWTH MANAGEMENT 70 10.7 MONITORING CHEMICAL USE IN THE WATERSHED 70 10.8 ENDAKO MINE 71 10.9 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE 71 11. IMPLEMENTATION - ACTION PLAN 72 11.1 PLAN REVIEW AND REVISION - TESTING 72 11.2 FINANCIAL SUPPORT 72 11.3 VOLUNTEER GROUPS 73 11.4 REGULATORY AGENCIES 74 REFERENCES 75 4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Interactive Model of the Systems Design Approach (Spitzer 1991) ...pg14 Figure 2: Diagram of a Typical Nutrient Budget (adapted from Dillon 1975) ...pg19 Figure 3: Location of Francois Lake (adapted from Bustard 1988) ...pg21 Figure 4: Francois Lake Watershed Area (Skeena GIS 1999) ...pg22 Figure 5: Francois Lake Temperature and Oxygen Profiles ...pg27 Figure 6: Diagram of the Relationship Between Dissolved Oxygen Levels and Temperature Profile of a Dimictic Lake (Rysavy and Sharpe 1995) ...pg28 Figure 7: Francois Lake Culvert Mapping Survey …pg59 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Issues for future consideration ...pg12 Table 2: Summary of Morphometric Data (Ellickson and Larkin 1996) ...pg24 Table 3: Sampling Sites Within Francois Lake Established in February of 1997 ...pg25 Table 4: Physical and Chemical Water Quality Characteristics from Sampling Sites Established in February of 1997 ...pg25 Table 5: Secchi Disc Measurements for Francois Lake in Meters (MELP) ...pg26 Table 6: Regulatory Requirements for Specific Lake Components ...pg37 5 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A : Issues and Criteria Ranking and Inter-relatedness Analysis Matrix Appendix B : List of Stakeholders/Contacts Appendix C : Jurisdictions Involved in Lakes and Lakeshore Regulation and Management Appendix D : Option Analysis (adapted from Tyhee Lake Management Plan) Appendix E : Responses to Information Inquiries Appendix F : Official Community Plan and Municipal Act: Lakeshore Development Guidelines Appendix G : Volunteer Monitoring Program Information and Sample forms Appendix H : Summary and Interpretations of Water Sampling Results from Francois Lake in February 1997 6 1. MANAGEMENT PLAN -GOAL STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVES 1.1 Goal Statement: The lake management plan will benefit users by providing a mechanism to evaluate and protect lake water quality. Protecting water quality will enhance the quality of life and preserve living aquatic resources. The lake ecosystem includes both the lake and its entire drainage basin. To meet this goal, the plan includes tools to manage land and water uses as well as aquatic life and wildlife. 1.2 Objectives: • To identify current and potential sources of water quality degradation in the watershed and the lake. To provide workable management options to eliminate or reduce the effect of these sources. • To provide a set of recommended actions that will implement each option. • To develop communication links between the Lakes Protection Society, government, industry, First Nations groups, and other stakeholders. This will: a) keep the society advised of activities in the watershed which may affect water quality and b) ensure land use decisions are made with sufficient input and agreement of stakeholders on relevant technical, social and political issues. • To assist in identifying and applying appropriate regulatory requirements and volunteer driven actions that are consistent with the goal of the plan. • To improve public education on issues affecting water quality in the lake and the watershed. • To implement a volunteer monitoring program as an efficient and cost effective method of monitoring the lake condition. 7 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.1 Identifying Issues - What did we spend our time doing? Protecting water quality and the lake environment is a concern for residents and lake users. Through a consensus exercise issues that may affect water quality and the lake environment were identified and ranked for importance by the members of the Lakes Protection Society (LPS). The results of this process were then used to make a matrix to analyze how parts of the lake ecosystem are related to one another.
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