Tumor Antigen and Receptor Densities Regulate Efficacy of A
Original Article Tumor Antigen and Receptor Densities Regulate Efficacy of a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Targeting Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Alec J. Walker,1,4 Robbie G. Majzner,2,4 Ling Zhang,1 Kelsey Wanhainen,1 Adrienne H. Long,1 Sang M. Nguyen,1 Paola Lopomo,1 Marc Vigny,3 Terry J. Fry,1 Rimas J. Orentas,1 and Crystal L. Mackall2 1Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; 2Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 3INSERM/UPMC, Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France – We explored the utility of targeting anaplastic lymphoma ki- oncogenesis in vitro and in vivo6 9 and correlates with poor prognosis nase (ALK), a cell surface receptor overexpressed on pediatric in patients with neuroblastoma.10,11 Strategies to target ALK in neuro- solid tumors, using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based blastoma using small molecule inhibitors have seen limited success, immunotherapy. T cells expressing a CAR incorporating the potentially due to resistant kinase mutations.12 Targeting ALK overex- single-chain variable fragment sequence of the ALK48 mAb pression, independently of the highly mutated kinase domain, could linked to a 4-1BB-CD3z signaling domain lysed ALK-express- provide clinical benefit without risk for this type of mutagenic escape. ing tumor lines and produced interferon-gamma upon antigen stimulation but had limited anti-tumor efficacy in two xeno- T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have graft models of human neuroblastoma. Further exploration recently joined the rapidly growing repertoire of immunotherapeutics demonstrated that cytokine production was highly dependent available to treat cancer.
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