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When the Mountain Became the Escarpment.FH11
Looking back... with Alun Hughes WHEN THE MOUNTAIN BECAME THE ESCARPMENT The Niagara Escarpment hasnt always been But Coronelli was not the first to put Niagara known by that name. Early in the 19th century it on the map. That distinction belongs to Father Louis was often referred to as the Mountain, and of course Hennepin, the Recollect priest who was the first it is still called that in Hamilton and Grimsby today. European to describe Niagara Falls from personal We in eastern Niagara have largely forgotten the observation. In his Description de la Louisiane, name, though it survives in the City of Thorolds published in 1683, five years after his visit, he speaks motto Where the Ships Climb the Mountain. of le grand Sault de Niagara, and labels it thus on the accompanying map. This is the form that So when did the name Niagara Escarpment first prevails thereafter, and it is the spelling used for Fort come into use? And what about the areas other de Niagara, established by the French at the mouth Niagara names, like Niagara Falls, Niagara River of the river in 1726. The English followed suit, and Niagara Peninsula? When did these first appear? though on many early maps (e.g. Moll 1715, I dont pretend to have definitive answers there Mitchell 1782) they use the name Great Fall of are too many sources I have not seen but I can Niagara rather than Niagara Falls. suggest some preliminary conclusions. In his Description Hennepin also refers to la The name Niagara is definitely of native origin, belle Riviere de Niagara, so the name Niagara though there is no agreement about its meaning. -
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN I. ON AN INCREASE IN THE NAIAD FAUNA OF SAGINAW BAY, MICHIGAN 11. THE NAIAD SPECIES OF THE GREAT LAI(ES BY CALVINGOODRICH AND HENRYVANDER SCHALIE 1. NINE species of Naiades were found by Dr. H. B. Baker to inhabit Saginaw Bay in the vicinity of Sand Point, Huron County, Michigan, when he made his study of the molluscan fauna of the region in 1908. The survey was a very thorough one and several weelis mere devoted to the work. Twenty-three years later, a much more perfunctory survey was made by the writers of this paper in the same locality, their visits to Sand Point being more in the nature of holidays than for collecting purposes. Yet their findings amounted to thirteen species in contrast to Baker's nine. Moreover, they are enabled to report that five of the nine species of the Baker list proved to be more abundant in 1931 than they were in 1908. Such an increase in ~nollnsca appears to be unusual in American species. The writers are unable to find in the litera- ture of the subject any inention of anything quite like it. In- stances have occurred where an introduced species, Bytlzinia tentaculata (Linnaeus), for example, has developed such a fecundity as to be a pest (F. C. Balier, 1902 ; Sterlqi, 1910). A circnmboreal land snail, Vallonia ~~z~l~lzella(Miiller) , is kno~\~nto have developed exceedingly large colonies that prob- ably were larger than those wliich existed before the trans- plantation of European agriculture on this continent (G. -
The Niagara Escarpment the Niagara Escarpment Extends from The
The Niagara Escarpment King Road, looking south from the escarpment, ca. 1910 Source: Halton Information Network The Niagara Escarpment extends from the Niagara River to the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula and continues through Manitoulin Island. In total, the escarpment stretches 2,300 kilometres and in some places is as much as 250 metres above sea level (Davidson 1989). A variety of landforms exist along the brow of the escarpment, and the vicinity of the escarpment itself is cut by numerous creeks. Several large valleys exist near Waterdown, Lowville, Campbellville and Limehouse. There are scenic gorges further north at the Forks of the Credit (Chapman and Putnam 1984). These physiographic elements have accumulated over red shale bedrock belonging to the Upper Ordovician Queenston formation (Davidson 1989). Contrary to previous belief, the Niagara Escarpment did not emerge as the result of a fault, but rather when much of North America was covered by warm shallow waters 5–4 million years ago. While glaciation did not create the Niagara Escarpment, glacial Lake Iroquois etched and eroded the escarpment face. Prior to Euro-Canadian contact, the Niagara Escarpment was well-utilized by First Nations peoples in the Burlington area. It provided a transportation route along which the long trek could be made northwesterly to the Bruce Peninsula. Additionally, it provided a local resource for the materials used in the production of stone tools such as arrowheads and spear points. Early settlement in the vicinity of the Niagara Escarpment was quite slow due to the complex geography of the escarpment. Farming escarpment lands proved difficult for rudimentary agricultural implements due to the abundance of underlying rock. -
Danahub 2021 – Reference Library E & O E Overview the Great Lakes Region Is the Living Hub of North America, Where It
Overview The Great Lakes region is the living hub of North America, where it supplies drinking water to tens of millions of people living on both sides of the Canada-US border. The five main lakes are: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Combined, the Great Lakes contain approximately 22% of the world’s fresh surface water supply. Geography and Stats The Great Lakes do not only comprise the five major lakes. Indeed, the region contains numerous rivers and an estimated 35,000 islands. The total surface area of the Great Lakes is 244,100 km2 – nearly the same size as the United Kingdom, and larger than the US states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hampshire combined! The total volume of the Great Lakes is 6x1015 Gallons. This amount is enough to cover the 48 neighboring American States to a uniform depth of 9.5 feet (2.9 meters)! The largest and deepest of the Great Lakes is Lake Superior. Its volume is 12,100 Km3 and its maximum depth is 1,332 ft (406 m). Its elevation is 183 m above sea level. The smallest of the Great Lakes is Lake Erie, with a maximum depth of 64 m and a volume of 484 Km3. Lake Ontario has the lowest elevation of all the Great Lakes, standing at 74 m above sea level. The majestic Niagara Falls lie between Lakes Erie and Ontario, where there is almost 100 m difference in elevation. Other Rivers and Water Bodies The Great Lakes contain many smaller lakes such as Lake St. -
Toronto and Region Watersheds Report Card 2013
Facts and Figures What We Are Doing What You Can Do Where We Are Municipalities Toronto, Peel, York, Durham, Adjala - Tosorontio, Ajax, • Farm and other rural non-farm private landowners in the Regions of Peel and York have • Divert your downspouts away from paved areas and install a rain barrel to capture We are one of Aurora, Brampton, Caledon, King, Markham, Mississauga, been capping abandoned wells, fencing livestock out of watercourses, building proper and reuse the rainwater that falls on your roof. This reduces run-off to sewers, 36 Conservation Mono, Pickering, Richmond Hill, Uxbridge, Whitchurch - manure storage facilities and undertaking other best management practices under TRCA’s prevents flooding and saves money on your water bill. Authorities across Stouffville, Vaughan Rural Clean Water Quality Program and the Peel Rural Clean Water Program. Toronto and Region Ontario under Watercourses Etobicoke Creek, Mimico Creek, Humber River, Don River, • Reduce or eliminate the use of salt, pesticides and fertilizers, which contaminate the umbrella organization of Rouge River, Highland Creek, Petticoat Creek, Duffins Creek, • From 2008 to 2012, TRCA and its volunteers have planted 1,718,270 native trees, rivers, ponds and groundwater supplies. Carruthers Creek Watersheds Conservation shrubs and aquatic plants within TRCA’s watersheds. Healthy forests provide habitat Ontario. Longest Reach of River/Creek (km) Etobicoke Creek – 59, Mimico Creek – 34, for wildlife, help cool urban areas, retain water and reduce run-off, and capture CO • Decommission old wells on your property and maintain your septic system regularly (including Waterfront) Humber River – 126, Don River – 52, Rouge River – 58, 2 Highland Creek – 26, Petticoat Creek – 16, from the air to reduce impacts of climate change. -
Greenspace Acquisition Project 2021-2030
Attachment 3: GAP 2021-2030 Greenspace Acquisition Project 2021-2030 Prepared by Property and Risk Management Business Unit November 2020 Greenspace Acquisition Project 2021-2030 Table of Contents List of Boxes ................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................. ii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. ii Land Acknowledgement ................................................................................................ iii Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Resolution ............................................... iii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Greenspace Securement .................................................................................... 2 1.2 Policy and Planning Context ............................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Province of Ontario ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority ................................................ 4 1.3 Land Management ............................................................................................ -
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EARLY LIFE HISTORIES OF SIXTY TWO SPECIES OF FISHES FROM LAKE ERIE AND ITS TRIBUTARY WATERSl By MARIE POLAND FISH CONTENTS Page Development of species-Continued. ' Introduction _ Page 294 Family Cyprinidre, minnows-Con. Collection of materiaL _ 295 18. NotropiB heterolepiB _ 331 Laboratory technique '_ -_ 295 19. Notropis deliciosus strami- Very small specimens with cartilagi- neus ~ _ 332 nous skeletons - - _ 296 20. NotropiB hudsonius _ 334 Large specimens with bony skeletons_ 296 21. NotropiB atherinoideB _ 335 Additional methods of study _ 297 22. NotropiB rubrifrons _ 338 Explanations _ 298 23. Notropis cornutus chryso- Acknowledgments _ 298 cephalus _ 339 Numerical synopsis of specimens exam- ined _ 24. N otemigonus crysoleucas 305 crysoleuc~s _ 342 Development of species _ 305 25. HyborhynchuB notatuB _ 343 Family Lcpisosteidre, gar-pikes _ 305 26. Pimephales promelfl,s pro- 1. Lepisostcus osseus _ 305 melas _ 347 Family Hiodontidre, mooneyes _ 306 27. Campostoma anomalum _ 348 2. Hiodon tergisus _ 306 Family Ameiuridre, catfishes _ 349 Family Coregonidre, whitefishes _ 308 28. Ictalurus punctatus _ 349 3. Leucichthys artedL _ 308 29. Ameiurus nebulosus _ 350 4. Coregonus clupeaformis _ 310 30. Ameiurus natalis _ Family Salmonidre, trouts _ 350 315 31. Noturus flavus _ 351 5. Cristivomer namaycush na- maycush _ Family Umbridre, mudminnows _ 352 315 32. Umbra limL _ 6. Carpiodes cyprinus _ 316 352 Family Esocidre, pickerels _ Family Catostomidre, suckers _ 317 352 33. Esox lucius _ 7. Catostomus commersonii _ 317 352 34. Esox masquinongy _ 8. -
Common Ground
Creating Common Ground TORONTO AND REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY 2010 ANNUAL REPORT TORONTO AND REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY 2010 ANNUAL REPORT I OUR VISION OUR MISSION The quality of life on Earth is being created in rapidly To work with our partners to ensure that The expanding city regions. Our vision is for a new kind of Living City® is built upon a natural foundation community—The Living City®—where human settlement of healthy rivers and shorelines, greenspace and can flourish forever as part of nature’s beauty and diversity. biodiversity, and sustainable communities. II TORONTO AND REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY 2010 ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR 2 FEATURE STORIES MESSAGE FROM THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER 3 WESTERN GATEWAY: Rebuilt trail reconnects waterfronts in Toronto and Pickering 6 HEALTHY RIVERS AND SHORELINES 4 Watersheds 4 LAKE ONTARIO EVENINGS: Lake Ontario Waterfront 4 New speakers’ series attracts committed audience 7 Etobicoke and Mimico Creeks 6 Humber River 8 PARTNERS IN PROJECT GREEN: Don River 13 Collaboration produces faster results at lower costs 9 Rouge River and Rouge Park 15 ROUGE DAYS 2010: Duffins, Carruthers and Petticoat Creeks 19 The biggest watershed celebration in the GTA 16 Highland Creek 21 Watershed Planning and Management 24 BOB HUNTER MEMORIAL PARK: Source Water Protection 30 TRCA works with Rouge Park and York Region to restore park 17 Stormwater Management 30 SUNNY DAYS FOR CONSERVATION: Flood Management 31 Fundraiser boosts conservation in Western Durham 21 REGIONAL BIODIVERSITY -
NIAGARA RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN (Phase 1)
ATLAS NIAGARA RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN (Phase 1) September 2013 During the development of the Niagara River Watershed Management Plan (Phase 1), an impressive collection of existing plans, studies, reports, data, information and maps were gathered and reviewed to help establish the overall physical, biological and ecological conditions of the Niagara River Watershed. This Atlas is a full assembly of these resources, providing a comprehensive record of previous watershed efforts utilized in the watershed management planning process. NIAGARA RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN Developed By: 1250 Niagara Street Buffalo, NY 14213 Buffalo Niagara RIVERKEEPER® is a community‐based organization dedicated to protecting the quality and quantity of water, while connecting people to water. We do this by cleaning up pollution from our waterways, restoring fish and wildlife habitat, and enhancing public access through greenways that expand parks and open space. In Conjunction with: 2919 Delaware Ave. 478 Main Street Kenmore, NY 14217 Buffalo, NY 14202 Financial support for the development of this Atlas and the Niagara River Watershed Management Plan (Phase 1) is from the New York State Department of State with funds provided under Title 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund. For more information on the Niagara River Watershed Management Plan (Phase 1), or to become involved in our regional watershed’s protection and restoration, visit Buffalo Niagara RIVERKEEPER® online at www.bnriverkeeper.org. For more information regarding watershed planning in New York State, visit the NYS Department of State’s website at www.nyswaterfronts.com/watershed_home.asp. 1 NIAGARA RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 NIAGARA RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN Atlas Layout The Atlas has been divided into the following sections that correspond with the watershed as a whole and the 11 sub-watersheds that make up the Niagara River watershed. -
Environmental Impact Statement Update
GUIDING SOLUTIONS IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Environmental Impact Study 1985 - 1999 Altona Road, City of Pickering (Part of Lot 32, Concession 1) Prepared For: 702153 Ontario Limited Prepared By: Beacon Environmental Limited Date: Project: June 2016 215476.1 Revised January 2018 MARKHAM BRACEBRIDGE GUELPH PETERBOROUGH OTTAWA 80 Main St. North 126 Kimberley Avenue 373 Woolwich Street 305 Reid Street 470 Somerset Street West Markham, ON L3P 1X5 Bracebridge, ON P1L 1Z9 Guelph, ON N1H 3W4 Peterborough, ON K9J 3R2 Ottawa, ON K1R 5J8 T)905.201.7622 F)905.201.0639 T)705.645.1050 F)705.645.6639 T)519.826.0419 F)519.826.9306 T) 705.243.7251 T) 613.627.2376 1 9 8 5 - 1999 Altona Road EIS Table of Contents p a g e 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 2. Policy Review ............................................................................................... 1 2.1 Provincial Policy Statement (2014) ............................................................................... 1 2.2 Regional Municipality of Durham Official Plan (Consolidation 2015) ............................. 2 2.3 City of Pickering Official Plan (Consolidation 2010) ...................................................... 3 2.3.1 City of Pickering Rouge Park Neighbourhood Development Guidelines (2003) ............. 4 2.4 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Regulations (2006) .................................. 4 2.4.1 TRCA Living City Policies for Planning and Development (2014) ................................. -
Natural Heritage Evaluation and Records Review
CCOONNEESSTTOOGGOO WWIINNDD FFAARRMM RECORDS REVIEW AND NATURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION ONTARIO REGULATION 359/09 prepared for GENIVAR Inc. on behalf of NEXTERA ENERGY DECEMBER 2010 LGL PROJECT TA4914-02 CCOONNEESSTTOOGGOO WWIINNDD FFAARRMM RECORDS REVIEW AND NATURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION ONTARIO REGULATION 359/09 prepared by: Digital signature Digital signature J. Arnel Fausto Allison Featherstone Senior Ecologist, Vice President Planning Ecologist Digital signature Digital signature Jen Noël Robert Nisbet Botanist, ISA Certified Arborist Senior Wildlife Biologist LGL Limited environmental research associates 3365 Harvester Road Burlington, Ontario L7N 3N2 Tel: 905-333-1667 Fax: 905-333-2660 Email: [email protected] URL: www.lgl.com DECEMBER 2010 LGL PROJECT TA4914-02 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 CURRENT LAND USE .......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 RECORDS REVIEW...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 RECORDS RELATED TO PROVINCIAL PARKS AND CONSERVATION RESERVES ................................................................... 3 2.2 RECORDS RELATED TO NATURAL FEATURES ............................................................................................................ 3 2.2.1 -
Oak Ridges Moraine Aquifer Vulnerability Areas
MAP 7 Lake Simcoe OAK RIDGES MORAINE AQUIFER Georgina Island I.R. Georgina Island I.R. VULNERABILITY AREAS Georgina Creeks AND WATERSHED Watershed !48 BOUNDARIES Town of Old Homestead Road Georgina Cook's Woodbine Avenue Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan Bay Pollock Road Pefferlaw Brook Maskinonge River Watershed Area of High Aquifer Watershed Vulnerability Old Shiloh Road Uxbridge Brook McCowan Road Park Road Ravenshoe Road Weir's Sideroad Watershed Area of Low Aquifer Vulnerability Boag Road Black River Watershed Lake Simcoe Oak Ridges Moraine Boundary Leslie Street Ë Warden Avenue Watershed Boundaries Town of Kennedy Road Watershed Provincial Highways East Gwillimbury Queensville Sideroad Y Existing o ng e Doane Road S East Townline East t r e Controlled Access Highway e t Mount Albert Road East Holland Under Construction Watershed Herald Road Green Lane COUNTY OF SIMCOE Municipal Boundary Davis Drive 9 Davis Drive West ! Town of 19th Sideroad West Holland Mulock Drive Vivian Road Watershed Newmarket McCowan Road 18th Sideroad St John's Sideroad Dufferin Street Bathurst Street Pefferlaw Brook 12th Concession Town of Watershed 17th Sideroad Aurora Aurora Road 7th Concession Keele Street Township 16th Sideroad Vandorf Sideroad 11th Concession of King Town of 15th Sideroad Bloomington Road Whitchurch- Stouffville King Road Bethesda Sideroad 10th Concession THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL DuffinsNinth Line Creek 8th Concession 400 404 ! 48 Watershed ! Stouffville Road ! Kirby Road 19th Avenue Highway