Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Antarctic Adventure One Scientist's Research Expedition to the Southern Continent by Elizabeth Saito Ernest Shackleton. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Ernest Shackleton , in full Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton , (born February 15, 1874, Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland—died January 5, 1922, Grytviken, South Georgia), Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who attempted to reach the South Pole. Who was Ernest Shackleton? Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the South Pole. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton attended Dulwich College from 1887 until 1890. What is Ernest Shackleton best known for? Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic ( Endurance ) Expedition (1914–16) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. Where was Ernest Shackleton buried? Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was buried on the island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. Educated at Dulwich College (1887–90), Shackleton entered the mercantile marine service in 1890 and became a sublieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1901. He joined Capt. Robert Falcon Scott’s British National Antarctic ( Discovery ) Expedition (1901–04) as third lieutenant and took part, with Scott and Edward Wilson, in the sledge journey over the Ross Ice Shelf when latitude 82°16′33″ S was reached. His health suffered, and he was removed from duty and sent home on the supply ship Morning in March 1903. Antarctic Adventure: One Scientist's Research Expedition to the Southern Continent by Elizabeth Saito. Included here are notices of lectures, conferences and other gatherings or events of Antarctic interest that appeared in 2013 and 2014 in 'Antarctic Events' but are now history. Last updated: 4 December 2014. INDEX OF EVENTS (Most recent first) : Friday, 7 November 2014 , 5:30pm (AGM), followed at 6pm by a talk by Kelly Tyler-Lewis author of The Lost Men , followed by Dinner, Great Hall. Dulwich College, London. Friday-Monday, 24-27 October 2014 , Athy, Co. Kildare, Ireland. Exhibition: To be determined. Film: To be determined. 27 September to 12 October 2014 Christchurch, New Zealand. "Each of the three weekends of the festival will focus on a different aspect of Antarctica—Industry and International Relations (including the Antarctic Season Opening celebrations), Adventure and Heritage and Art and Culture. Integral to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, the Science and Environment programme will run right through the festival." 7 & 8 August 2014 , Duke of Cornwall Hotel, Plymouth (where Shackleton stayed before departing on Endurance ) (http://www.thedukeofcornwall.co.uk). Centenary Dinner to commemorate the departure of the Endurance from Plymouth. Other activities are planned—lectures (by Michael Smith, Bob Burton, Wilson McOrist and Seb Coulthard), plays, films and a plaque unveiling on Millbay Dock. This event is supported by the James Caird Society and the Antarctic 100 group More information will be forthcoming from Paul Davies and the Devon & Cornwall Polar Society. Click here for the Final Programme. A recently received e-mail: —Thanks to the UKAHT. 29 June - 3 July, 2014 , co-hosted by the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) and the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Information as it develops at http://arcticcentre.ulapland.fi/polarweb/plc/evnt.asp. Monday, 16 June 2014 , 7:30pm onwards, Waterstone's, Trafalgar Square, London. Stephen Haddelsey and Alan Carroll will talk about their new book Operation Tabarin: Britain's Secret Wartime Expedition to Antarctica, 1944-46 . The event is open to all and is free. There will be a slide show and talk by the authors, followed by book signings. Wednesday, 11 June 2014 , 6pm, Cardiff Story Museum, The Old Library, The Hayes, Cardiff, £5 (£3.50 students) Tea & Welsh Cakes. Tel: 029 2078 8334. Web: www.cardiffstory.com. Leighton Rolley will speak how he found the wreck of Scott's ship off the coast of Greenland. "The Australasian Antarctic Expedition led by Sir Douglas Mawson marked the first Australasian temporary occupation of Antarctica. Mawson's expedition returned to South Australia on 26 February 1914 with great fanfare. Now, one hundred years later, and with several more narratives available, the expedition is being re-examined. This day-long symposium will focus on what has been omitted, forgotten, not well told or distorted. Internationally renowned speakers include controversial historian David Day , author Meredith Hooper (2014 Australian of the Year in the UK), explorer Professor Chris Turney (recently returned to Australia from the 2013-2014 Australasian Antarctic Expedition), academic Elle Leane and environmental scientist Pat Quilty , along with descendants of expeditioners Sir Douglas Mawson and Cecil Thomas Madigan. Themes covered will include Aurora, Macquarie Island, science, main base, the recently published diaries of Mawson's Adelaide University colleague Cecil Madigan, and the scientific and cultural legacies of this historic journey. The symposium will be opened by His Excellency Rear Admiral Kevin Scarce , Governor of South Australia. Sessions will run all day with breaks for lunch as well as morning and afternoon tea, and followed by a cocktail reception to toast the centenary of the expedition's return." Date: Wednesday 26 February 2014 Time: 9am–6pm Venue: Mawson Laboratories, North Terrace Campus, The University of Adelaide Price: $125 Adults, $75 students/concession. Enquiries: Mr Peter Burdon (08) 8313 4002. (9 February 2014) "It [the exhibit] is currently in Genoa, Italy. Then it goes to Victoria, BC (opening 17 May 2013) and then on to France (Lyon, 2014)." It was at the National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. from 25 May to 21 August 2011. "This exhibit, produced and first exhibited by the American Museum of Natural History in New York, tells the story of the competing South Pole expeditions of Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott, explaining in detail why Amundsen made it and Scott did not." [Well, actually he did; he just didn't make it back!] — News of Norway , Spring 2011. A more extensive review of the exhibit when it was in New York may be found at http://www.antarctic-circle.org/eventspast5.htm#27. Friday, 9 May 2014 , 6pm, Great Hall, Dulwich College, London. Arthur Ainsberg, "Leadership Lessons from Antarctica—Survival at the Bottom of the World." Selections from the stellar collection of Jay I. Kislak are on exhibit at the Osher Map Library from September 24th 2013 to February 27th 2014. The Osher Library is part of the University of Southern Maine in Portland. The Osher Map Library is pleased to present To the Ends of the Earth . . . and Back: Selections from the Jay I. Kislak Polar Collection, an exhibition curated by Arthur Dunkleman, Director of the Jay I. Kislak Foundation, Miami Lakes, Florida. The exhibition offers a historical overview of polar exploration and the ongoing process of globalization as depicted in maps, charts, books, and artifacts from the Kislak Polar Collection. It begins with the Greek and Roman concepts of the "frigid zones," as the polar regions were first named, continues with the Renaissance idea of terra australis [the supposed southern continent] and the often fatal search for the Northeast and Northwest passages from Europe to Asia, and ends with the ultimate challenge: to reach the South Pole, the end of the earth. The exhibition includes over eighty objects that span five centuries. They document not only Western expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic but also the impact of those expeditions on popular culture and globalization. Jay I. Kislak, a prominent collector of maps, assembled the Kislak Polar Collection over many years, collecting rare books, manuscripts and other artifacts related to world exploration and especially the New World and the polar regions. Kislak and his wife, Jean, residents of Maine and Florida, are lifelong connoisseurs and supporters of the arts. The Jay I. Kislak Foundation was established in 1984 to foster greater understanding of the cultures and history of the Americas. In 2004, the foundation donated more than 3,000 rare books, maps, manuscripts and artifacts related to the Early Americas to the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. The Jay I. Kislak Collection is the core of Exploring the Early Americas, an ongoing exhibition in the historic Thomas Jefferson Building at the Library of Congress and is integral to the library's program of research, education, and public activity. During the past decade the foundation has focused on the early history of navigation, exploration and discovery, with particular emphasis on the polar regions. Selected highlights of the Kislak Polar Collection are on display in this exhibition. Link to University of Southern Maine, the Osher Library. You can see and hear an interview with Arthur Dunkleman, Director of the Jay I. Kislak Foundation at http://ctn5.org/shows/member- highlights/member-highlight-oshter-maps-arctic-exploration-6779. "The Australasian Antarctic Expedition led by Sir Douglas Mawson marked the first Australasian temporary occupation of Antarctica. Mawson's expedition returned to South Australia on 26 February 1914 with great fanfare. Now, one hundred years later, and with several more narratives available, the expedition is being re-examined. This day-long symposium will focus on what has been omitted, forgotten, not well told or distorted. Internationally renowned speakers include controversial historian David Day , author Meredith Hooper (2014 Australian of the Year in the UK), explorer Professor Chris Turney (recently returned to Australia from the 2013-2014 Australasian Antarctic Expedition), academic Elle Leane and environmental scientist Pat Quilty , along with descendants of expeditioners Sir Douglas Mawson and Cecil Thomas Madigan. Themes covered will include Aurora, Macquarie Island, science, main base, the recently published diaries of Mawson's Adelaide University colleague Cecil Madigan, and the scientific and cultural legacies of this historic journey. The symposium will be opened by His Excellency Rear Admiral Kevin Scarce , Governor of South Australia. Sessions will run all day with breaks for lunch as well as morning and afternoon tea, and followed by a cocktail reception to toast the centenary of the expedition's return." Date: Wednesday 26 February 2014 Time: 9am–6pm Venue: Mawson Laboratories, North Terrace Campus, The University of Adelaide Price: $125 Adults, $75 students/concession. Enquiries: Mr Peter Burdon (08) 8313 4002. (9 February 2014) Saturday, 9 November 2013 . 4-5pm Bob Burton, "What if Shackleton had Landed? Would he have got across Antarctica?" AGM 5:15-6pm. SPRI Lecture Theatre, Cambridge. Friday, 8 November 2013 , 6pm, Great Hall, Dulwich College, London. Angie Butler, "The Quest for Frank Wild." Saturday, 26 October 2013 . 7:30pm. SPRI Lecture Theatre, Cambridge. John Dudenay, "Operation Tabarin." Friday-Monday, 25-28 October 2013 , Athy, Co. Kildare, Ireland. Exhibition: 'Mawson's Men' - an account of the men who served with Douglas Mawson on the 1911-1914 Australian Antarctic Expedition including Frank Wild & Frank Hurley who served on Shackleton's Endurance expedition. Exhibition held in conjunction with the Australian Antarctic Division. The exhibition will be opened by the Australian Ambassador to Ireland. Film: 'Bare Et Liv' 1968 Norwegian/Soviet co-production on the life of the great Norwegian Polar explorer and humanitarian Fridjof Nansen. Saturday, 12 October 2013 . 7:30pm. SPRI Lecture Theatre, Cambridge. Bob Headland, "Exotic Terrestrial Mammals in Antarctic Regions." 23 November - 30 June 2013 , Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand. "One hundred years after its tragic end, Scott's last expedition to the Antarctic still resonates as a fantastic tale of endeavour and courage. In 1910, when Scott embarked on the former whaling ship Terra Nova during his second journey to explore the Antarctic, he could not have predicted it would be his last. Tragically, he and four of his colleagues died on their return from the South Pole two years later. The exhibition, Scott's Last Expedition , uncovers Scott the man, the team he brought with him to Antarctica and the details of the fascinating Terra Nova expedition. Through engaging experiences, visitors will be able to explore this historic and emotional journey from every angle. For the first time since the epic journey in Antarctica, Scott's Last Expedition will reunite real artefacts used by Scott and his team with the rare scientific specimens they collected during the 1910-13 expedition. Admission fees apply." "In partnership with the Antarctic Heritage Trust and Natural History Museum, London, Canterbury Museum is excited to be New Zealand's only venue for the internationally-acclaimed exhibition Scott's Last Expedition." Note: This originally was at the Natural History Museum. London. 21-23 June 2013 , Community Centre and the South Pole Inn, Annascaul, Co Kerry, Ireland. Entertainment (Parade, Dance, Music, Aidan Dooley's one-man Tom Crean show) and Lectures (Michael Smith, Frank Nugent, Pat Falvey, Julian Evans) For further information, contact [email protected]. Monday 10th June, 2013 12.30-13.00 Assemble 13.00-15.00 Welcome Lunch, Atlantic Hotel 15.30-16.30 The Terra Nova Expedition, by Dr David M Wilson Evening 20.15 A Production of "A Father for my Son," with Jenny Coverack as Kathleen Scott. Tuesday 11th June, 2013 14.00-15.00 The Last Dog Team Expedition in Antarctica, by John Killingbeck. 15.30-16.30 Dr Livingstone to Captain Scott: the Royal Geographical Society and the Age of the Explorer Hero 1856-1914, by Dr Max Jones Evening 20.15 A Production of "These Rough Notes," with David Wilson, Chris Wilson, John Killingbeck, Max Jones and Jenny Coverack as Kathleen Scott. Wednesday 12th June, 2013 14.00-15.00 The Discovery and Terra Nova Expeditions through the Art of Edward Wilson, by Christopher J Wilson. 15.30-16.30 Scott 100. by Dr David Wilson. Evening 20.00 Farewell Dinner Tregarthen's Hotel. To be confirmed - The Perspective of An Ordinary Man on the Street on Travel on the Plateau, by Bob Wilson. Music by Jake Wilson. For a booking form please contact Mrs Mary Cleveland—[email protected]—at Poldark, St Mary's, Isles of Scilly. TR21 0JD. *tel: +44 (0)1720 422993. 6 June 2013 , 7.30pm, Plymouth Royal Corinthian Yacht Club, Plymouth. Dinner to celebrate Captain Scott's 145th birthday. After-dinner speaker to be announced. Sponsored by the Devon & Cornwall Polar Society. OVERSUBSCRIBED, ATTENDANCE NOW CLOSED. Saturday, 18 May 2013 , 2:30-5:30pm, The Oates Museum, Selborne, Hants. Patrick Cordingley , Oates's biographer, will give a presentation and personal tour of the museum. Tea will be served afterwards. Friday, 10 May 2013 , Lecture at 6:30pm, Great Hall, Dulwich College, London. Followed by dinner in the North Cloister and Lower Hall. Tim Jarvis and Seb Coulthard, "Shackleton's Epic Expedition." Monday-Thursday, 15-18 April 2013 , Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. "The Polar Regions in the 21st Century: Globalization, Climate Change and Geopolitics." Keynote Speakers: Lonnie Thompson, Paul Mayewski. Go to http://www.americanpolar.org/news/events/ for more information. Monday 8 April 2013 , 6:30pm. Royal Geographical Society, 1 Kensington Gore, London. Author Kari Herbert presents a fascinating insight into the lives of some of the world's most famous polar explorers through the eyes of the women who inspired them to achieve great things. RGS-IBG members + one guest. Tuesday 26 February 2013 , 7:00pm (doors open from 6.00pm). The Clothworkers' Hall, London, EC3R 7AH. Author Kari Herbert presents a fascinating insight into the lives of some of the world's most famous polar explorers through the eyes of the women who inspired them to achieve great things. Tickets: This event is free and open to current RGS-IBG members. Please arrive at the venue from 6.00pm and present your membership card. Space is limited, and seats will be available on a first-come, first-served basis. This lecture will be repeated at the Society's premises in Kensington as part of the summer programme. Monday, 18 February 2013 , 6:30pm, Royal Geographical Society, London. Members only. A presentation by Jan-Gunnar Winther. "The Director of the Norwegian Polar Institute describes their modern-day Antarctic adventure organized to celebrate the Nansen-Amundsen year in 2011 and designed to widen understanding of polar history and science." Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The 1955–58 Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition ( CTAE ) was a Commonwealth-sponsored expedition that successfully completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica, via the South Pole. It was the first expedition to reach the South Pole overland for 46 years, preceded only by Amundsen's and Scott's respective parties in 1911 and 1912. In keeping with the tradition of polar expeditions of the 'heroic age' the CTAE was a private venture, though it was supported by the governments of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, United States, Australia and South Africa, as well as many corporate and individual donations, under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth II. It was headed by British explorer Dr Vivian Fuchs, with New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary leading the New Zealand Ross Sea Support team. The New Zealand party included scientists participating in International Geophysical Year (IGY) research while the UK IGY team were separately based at Halley Bay. Fuchs was knighted for his accomplishment. The second crossing of the continent did not occur until 1981, during the Transglobe Expedition led by Ranulph Fiennes. Contents. Preparations. Preparations began in London in 1955. Over the austral summer of 1955–56 Fuchs sailed with an advance party from London to Antarctica in the Canadian sealer Theron , with the purpose of establishing Shackleton Base near Vahsel Bay on the Weddell Sea, from which the trans-Antarctic expedition would begin. The Theron , like its immediate forbears, the Endurance (1914 Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition) and the Deutschland (Filchner's German Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1911), was trapped in the ice. Despite sustaining considerable damage, she was able to free herself with the help of the Auster Antarctic floatplane that scouted a way out. In early 1956 Fuchs sailed back to London, leaving eight men to over-winter at Shackleton. The eight men of the advance party, led by Kenneth Blaiklock, were left on the ice, having only tents and a packing crate as shelter. Most of the stores were left on the bay ice, some two miles (3 km) from the site of where the base was to be set up. Their first task was to get all these stores from the bay ice to the base and to try to build some permanent shelter for the oncoming winter. Once some food and paraffin had been brought up and the dogs safely tethered by the base, the men started to build their hut. This proved to be far more difficult than had been envisaged – not only were the eight men insufficient in number to carry out the heavy tasks easily but the weather at Shackleton was colder and much windier than had been anticipated. When the skeleton of the hut was complete, the men positioned the crates containing the wall and roof panels around the building site. Then a blizzard began, and lasted for more than a week. The temperature dropped to −20 °C and the drift around the base made it impossible to do any work outside. The men sheltered in their crate and slept in their tents which were constantly in danger of getting buried by the drift. When finally the wind subsided the giant crates of wall panels had all disappeared under many feet of drift and the unfinished hut itself was full of snow. The bay ice had broken off taking all the remaining stores with it. Much food and fuel, a couple of huts and a tractor had all gone to sea. The men tried to retrieve the crates by tunnelling under the snow; the tunnels proved to be useful kennels for the dogs protecting them from the unexpectedly severe winter conditions at Shackleton. The party of eight survived the winter with some difficulty, but in reasonably good health, and finally completed the building of the hut except for one hole in the roof, the panel for which was never found. While the hut was being constructed they lived by day in the tractor crate and slept in their tents, two men to each tent. The winter temperatures often fell well below −30 °C, and Shackleton proved to be a very windy place, which made work outdoors unpleasant. All stores lying in the snow tended to get buried and there was a constant danger of their getting lost. They managed to take a number of journeys to collect seals for the dogs and to scout a route to the south. They used dogs and the Weasel tractor, while the one Snocat that they had never functioned properly as it seemed that someone had dropped a nut into one of its eight cylinders. Expedition. In December 1956 Fuchs returned on Danish Polar vessel Magga Dan with additional supplies, and the southern summer of 1956–1957 was spent consolidating Shackleton Base and establishing the smaller South Ice Base about 300 miles (480 km) inland to the south. After spending the winter of 1957 at Shackleton Base, Fuchs finally set out on the transcontinental journey in November 1957, with a twelve-man team travelling in six vehicles; three Sno-Cats, two Weasels and one specially adapted Muskeg tractor. On route, the team were also tasked with carrying out scientific research including seismic soundings and gravimetric readings. In parallel Hillary's team had set up Scott Base – which was to be Fuchs' final destination – on the opposite side of the continent at McMurdo Sound on the Ross Sea. Using three converted Massey Ferguson TE20 tractors [1] and one Weasel (abandoned part-way), Hillary and his three men (Ron Balham, Peter Mulgrew and Murray Ellis), were responsible for route-finding and laying a line of supply depots up the Skelton Glacier and across the Polar Plateau on towards the South Pole, for the use of Fuchs on the final leg of his journey. Other members of Hillary's team carried out geological surveys around the Ross Sea and Victoria Land areas. It was not originally intended that Hillary would travel as far as the South Pole, but when he had completed laying supply depots he saw the opportunity to beat the British and continued south, reaching the Pole – where the US Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station had recently been established by air – on January 3, 1958. Hillary's party was just the third (preceded by Amundsen in 1911 and Scott in 1912) to reach the Pole overland. Hillary's arrival also marked the first time that land vehicles had ever reached the Pole. Fuchs' team reached the Pole from the opposite direction on 19 January 1958, where they met up with Hillary. Fuchs then continued overland, following the route that Hillary had laid, while Hillary flew back to Scott Base in a US plane (he would later rejoin Fuchs by plane for part of the remaining overland journey). The overland party finally arrived at Scott Base on March 2, 1958, having completed the historic crossing of 3,473 km (2,158 miles) of previously unexplored snow and ice in 99 days. A few days later the expedition members left Antarctica for New Zealand on the New Zealand naval ship Endeavour . The ship was captained by Harry Kirkwood. Although large quantities of supplies were hauled overland, both parties were also equipped with light aircraft and made extensive use of air support for reconnaissance and supply depoting. Additional logistical help was provided by US personnel who were working in Antarctica at that time. Both parties also took dog teams which were used for field work trips and backup in case of failure of the mechanical transportation – though the dogs were not taken all the way to the Pole. In December 1957 four men from the expedition flew one of the planes – a de Havilland Canada Otter – on an eleven-hour, 1,430-mile (2,300 km) non-stop trans-polar flight across the Antarctic continent from Shackleton Base via the Pole to Scott Base, following roughly the same route as Fuchs' overland party. Commemoration. The expedition was commemorated in a 2007 5-stamp set issued by NZ post. The stamps highlight air transport (the 50c) showing the single- engine Mk. VII Auster and Beaver. Mr James Bates is pictured before the Auster; the role of the Sledge ($1.00); Dog team ($1.50), mechanized Tractor ($2.00) caching supplies and ultimately reaching the Pole on 4 January 1958, and HMNZS Endeavour ($2.50) which carried the Ross Sea support party and equipment. NZ Post. A small image of a modified Ferguson TE20 tractor from the expedition is also found on the New Zealand five dollar note, the design of which features Sir Edmund Hillary. [2] Between the Ice Floes: Imaging Gender, Fear and Safety in Antarctic Literature for Young Adults.