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Emerging Perspectives on International Volunteerism in Asia”

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Emerging Perspectives on International Volunteerism in Asia” Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................ix Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. x I - Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Definitions and Terminology .............................................................................................. 2 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 3 Research Methodology ...................................................................................................... 4 Limitations of the Research ............................................................................................... 6 II. International Volunteer Service Worldwide ........................................................................ 8 IVS Antecedents and Context ............................................................................................ 8 Prevalence of IVS ............................................................................................................ 12 Factors Influencing Outcomes in IVS Programmes ......................................................... 13 III. – Results of Online Survey of IVS Sending Organisations .............................................. 14 Types of Sending Organisations ...................................................................................... 14 Organisational Missions .................................................................................................. 15 Regional and Country Placement .................................................................................... 15 Age and Scale ................................................................................................................. 16 Recruitment and Eligibility Requirements ........................................................................ 16 Financial or In-kind Support ............................................................................................. 17 Training and Support ....................................................................................................... 18 Programme Activities ....................................................................................................... 19 Duration ........................................................................................................................... 19 Group Placement ............................................................................................................ 20 Organisational Challenges ............................................................................................... 20 Challenges with Sending Volunteers ............................................................................... 21 Placing Volunteers in Asia—What Works Well? .............................................................. 22 IV. – Country Case Studies ................................................................................................. 23 Country Case Study #1: Japan ........................................................................................ 23 Country Case Study #2: Singapore ................................................................................. 28 Country Case Study #3: China ........................................................................................ 37 Country Case Study #4: India .......................................................................................... 41 Country Case Study #5: Philippines ................................................................................ 46 Country Case Study #6: Vietnam ..................................................................................... 51 Focus Group Discussions with National Volunteers Working within the IVS Sector in Vietnam ........................................................................................................................... 54 ii V. – Emerging Perspectives and IVS Innovations in Asia ................................................... 56 Youth Development ......................................................................................................... 56 Climate Change ............................................................................................................... 56 Growth of Asia-to-Asia Volunteering ................................................................................ 57 New Pathways to International Volunteering in Asia ........................................................ 58 Quasi-Governmental Forms of IVS .................................................................................. 59 IVS as a Principal Form of Corporate Social Responsibility ............................................. 59 Growing Influence of the Internet on International Volunteers and IVCOs ....................... 59 Challenges ...................................................................................................................... 61 VI. – Directions for Further Research .................................................................................. 63 References ......................................................................................................................... 65 Annexes .............................................................................................................................. 73 Annexe A: Factors that Shape and Influence Outcomes in IVS Sending Programmes .... 73 Annexe B: Online Survey Questionnaire .......................................................................... 85 Annexe C: List of Respondents to the Online Survey ...................................................... 94 Annexe D: Summary Findings of the Survey of Sending Organisations in the Asia Region ........................................................................................................................................ 95 Annexe E: Fieldwork Interviewees ................................................................................... 99 Annexe F: Background of Organisations Interviewed In China (Beijing) ........................ 102 Annexe G: Background of Organisations Interviewed In India (Delhi) ............................ 103 Annexe H: Background of Organisations Interviewed In Japan (Tokyo) ......................... 106 Annexe I: Background of Organisations Interviewed in The Philippines (Manila) ........... 108 Annexe J: Background of Organisations Interviewed In Singapore ................................ 110 Annexe K: Background of Organisations Interviewed In Vietnam (Hanoi) ...................... 112 Annexe L: Focus-Group Discussion Participants ........................................................... 114 Annexe M: List of Semi-Structured Interview Questions for Country Case Studies ........ 116 Annexe N: List of Focus Group Discussion Questions ................................................... 117 Annexe O: Research Mandate ...................................................................................... 119 iii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations AAR Association for Aid and Relief (Japan) AEYVE Asia-Europe Young Volunteer Exchange AFS American Field Service (AFS Intercultural Programmes) AFVP Association Francaise des Volontaires du Progres AIESEC Association Internationale des Etudiants en Sciences Economiques et Commerciales ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations AVI Australian Volunteers International AVS Agency for Volunteer Service (Hong Kong) AYAD Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development BIVA Beijing International Volunteers Association BVF Beijing Volunteer Federation BYLC Beijing Youth League of China CCIVS Coordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service CEC Commission of the European Communities CECI Centre d’Etude et de Cooperation International (Centre for International Studies and Cooperation) (Canada) CESO Canadian Executive Service Organisation CICETE China International Centre for Economic and Technical Exchanges CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIP Community Involvement Programmes (Singapore) CNPON China NPO Network CSD Centre for Social Development (USA) CSO Civil Society Organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DPJ Democratic Party of Japan EVS European Voluntary Service FGD Focus Group Discussion FORUM International FORUM on Development Service GIP Global Interoperability Programme GIS Geographic Information System GK Gawad Kalinga (Philippines) GPS Global Positioning System GVI Global Vision International HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HVSF Hungarian Volunteer Sending Foundation IAVE International Association for Volunteer Efforts ICT Information and Communication Technologies IVA International Volunteerism Association (Singapore) IVCO International Volunteer Co-operation Organisations IVS International Volunteer Services IYV International Year of Volunteers KOICA Korean International Cooperation Agency JANIC Japan NGO Centre for International Cooperation iv JANPORA Japan NPO Research Association JEEIU Japanese Electrical Electronic & Information Union JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JOCV Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer KOICA Korean International Cooperation
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