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Research Report Youth Civic Service in Europe Association of Voluntary Service Organizations Research Report 2004 Center for Social Development Global Service Institute Youth Civic Service in Europe Association of Voluntary Service Organizations RESEARCH REPORT 2004 Center for Social Development Global Service Institute George Warren Brown School of Social Work Washington University One Brookings Drive Campus Box 1196 St. Louis, MO 63130 tel 314-935-8827 fax 314-935-8661 e-mail: [email protected] http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/csd/gsi This report is the result of a project supported through the Center for Social Development’s Global Service Institute Small Research Grants Program, funded by the Ford Foundation. Youth Civic Service in Europe Policies and Programmes: France, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, and at the European level This report is also available for purchase as a book, published in the collection of the Centre of International Peace Studies of the University of Pisa. Copies can be ordered at: Edizioni PLUS – Pisa University Lungarno Pacinotto 43 Pisa, Italy www.edizioniplus.it tel: 0039-050-221-5056 fax: 0039-050-221-2945 Calophon This research was supported by grants from the Center for Social Development, Global Service Institute (GSI), Washington University in St. Louis, with funding from the Ford Foundation, USA, Federal Ministry of Families, Seniors, Women and Youth, Germany, Robert Bosch Foundation, Germany, Action Committee Service for Peace, Germany, Ost-West Institute for Social Management, Germany Arci Servizio Civile, Italy, Comité de Coordination pour le Service Civil, France. © Edizioni Plus – University of Pisa 2004, October, Pisa TABLE OF CONTENT PART I:............................................................................................................................................. 6 YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN EUROPE - RESEARCH APPROACH ...... 6 R. Schröer, J. Stringham 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2. RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................ 8 3. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................................... 9 4. LIMITATIONS........................................................................................................................................10 5. TERMINOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................11 PART 2:............................................................................................................................................12 NATIONAL REPORTS ON YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE...........................12 OVERVIEW............................................................................................................................................13 V. Becquet YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN FRANCE ........................................... 14 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................14 2. TRADITION AND POLICY CONTEXT....................................................................................................15 3. VOLUNTARY CIVIC SERVICE AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE PROGRAMMES IN FRANCE........................25 4. SURVEY OF VOLUNTARY PROGRAMMES .............................................................................................37 5. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................49 6. ANNEXES: CASE STUDIES....................................................................................................................53 P. Consorti, L.Palazzini YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN ITALY ............................................... 64 1. TRADITION AND POLICY CONTEXT....................................................................................................64 2. THE CURRENT SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................73 3. ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CIVIL AND CIVIC SERVICE AND THEIR SOCIAL EFFECTS ...........................90 4. REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................96 5. ANNEXES: CASE STUDIES....................................................................................................................98 W. Schur YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN GERMANY ......................................106 1. TRADITION AND POLICY CONTEXT..................................................................................................106 2. THE CURRENT SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................115 3. IMPACT ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................................................130 4. QUANTITATIVE DATA .......................................................................................................................136 5. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................139 6. ANNEXES: CASE STUDIES .................................................................................................................141 R. Schröer YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ................148 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................148 2. TRADITION OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND POLICY CONTEXT....................................................................148 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR VOLUNTEERING AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE .........................................151 4. NATIONAL POLICY CHANGES AFFECTING VOLUNTARY SERVICE ...................................................154 5. INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY SERVICE ...........................................................................................157 6. PERSPECTIVES....................................................................................................................................164 7. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................165 R. Schröer YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN POLAND..............................................167 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................167 2. TRADITION OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND POLICY CONTEXT....................................................................167 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR VOLUNTEERING AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE .........................................169 4. NATIONAL POLICY CHANGES AFFECTING VOLUNTARY SERVICE ...................................................172 5. INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY SERVICE ...........................................................................................176 6. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................184 R. Schröer VOLUNTARY SERVICES AT EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL ..............187 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................187 2. YOUTH POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU)............................................................................187 3. INCORPORATING THE YOUTH FACTOR INTO SECTORAL POLICIES .................................................195 4. INSTRUMENTS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL ......................................................................................199 5. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................203 PART 3:......................................................................................................................................... 206 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 206 COMPARISON OF YOUTH CIVIC AND VOLUNTARY SERVICE IN EUROPE ............... 207 R. Schröer, J. Stringham 1. UNDERSTANDINGS AND PURPOSES OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE POLICY ...........................................207 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE SCHEMES...................................................................216 PART 4:......................................................................................................................................... 227 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................. 227 R. Schröer, J. Stringham 1. BEST PRACTICE IN REGARD TO DEVELOPING VOLUNTARY SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING..................................................................................................................................228 2. FURTHER RESEARCH..........................................................................................................................232