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Amphibia: Anura) MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ZOOLOGIA CURSO DE DOUTORADO EM ZOOLOGIA ESTUDOS CROMOSSÔMICOS EM ANUROS DAS FAMÍLIAS HYLIDAE RAFINESQUE, 1815 E LEPTODACTYLIDAE WERNER, 1896 (AMPHIBIA: ANURA) PABLO SUÁREZ Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Curso de Doutorado, do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e Universidade Federal do Pará como requisito para obtenção do grau de doutor em Zoologia. Orientador: Dr. Julio César Pieczarka BELÉM – PARÁ 2010 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. II PABLO SUÁREZ ESTUDOS CROMOSSÔMICOS EM ANUROS DAS FAMÍLIAS HYLIDAE RAFINESQUE, 1815 E LEPTODACTYLIDAE WERNER, 1896 (AMPHIBIA: ANURA) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Curso de Doutorado, do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e Universidade Federal do Pará como requisito para obtenção do grau de doutor em Zoologia Orientador: Dr. Julio César Pieczarka BELÉM – PARÁ 2010 III PABLO SUÁREZ ESTUDOS CROMOSSÔMICOS EM ANUROS DAS FAMÍLIAS HYLIDAE RAFINESQUE, 1815 E LEPTODACTYLIDAE WERNER, 1896 (AMPHIBIA: ANURA) Banca examinadora Dr. Julio César Pieczarka (Orientador) ICB (Belém) – UFPa Membros Dra. Luciana Bolsoni Lourenço IB/UNICAMP Dr. Odair Aguiar Junior Biociências/UNIFESP Dr. Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves ICB/UFPA Dr. Marinus S. Hoogmoed CZO/MPEG IV DEDICATÓRIA a minha família V AGRADECIMENTOS - Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPa) e à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo financiamento do Projeto de Pesquisa; - Ao Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente (IBAMA) por conceder as licenças para a coleta dos animais estudados; - Ao Laboratório de Citogenética Animal pelo fornecimento de toda a infraestrutura acadêmico-científica, sem as quais o trabalho não se realizaria; - À coordenadoria do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi pelo encaminhamento das questões burocrático-acadêmicas; - Ao Dr. Júlio Pieczarka e a Dra. Cleusa Nagamashi por me darem todas as facilidades para a conclusão da Tese e por me agüentar todos estes anos; - Aos colegas de laboratório Anderson, Danillo, Susana, Jorge, Cleusa, Paulinho, Liane, Naty-Celina, Adauto, Marlyson etc... pela colaboração com as técnicas e/ou por se afastarem enquanto eu atropelava com minhas urgências; - Ao pessoal do Laboratório de Genética Evolutiva de Posadas, Diego, Dario, Martin, Ferro, Cotichelli, Boeris, entre outros, pelo valioso aporte de amostras, muitos pdf’s e suas importantes sugestões. - Ao Julian Faivovich, ao Diego Baldo e ao Victor Orrico, pelo importante aporte na hora de preencher buracos amostrais, tirar duvidas e valiosas sugestões. VI - A todos aqueles que colaboraram comigo durante as coletas: Gleomar, Selvino, Flavio, Ana Lima, Emil, Anderson, Danillo, Juca, Dany, Leandrinha, Youszef, Cleuton, Nancy, David etc, etc... Obrigado pela amena companhia e pelos gritos para espantar onças, jacarés, jararacas e sucuris; - Aos meus amigos brasucas, muitos, e argentos, mais; - A Dieguito e Carolina, pelo carinho, amor e apoio incondicional, minhas duas distrações preferidas; e a quem teremos o prazer de conhecer em 2011, azul ou rosa, pequeno dilema de nomes. - A mis viejos por el cariño y el apoyo a lo largo de este camino, que sigue y sigue; - A mi hermano Daniel, a Carolina e a Martina, que en algún momento conoceré y malcriaré. A presente tese foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Guamá, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém; e contou com o apoio financeiro do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). VII SUMÁRIO DEDICATÓRIA ................................................................................................... IV AGRADECIMENTOS ......................................................................................... V SUMÁRIO ............................................................................................................. VIII RESUMO .............................................................................................................. IX ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... XI INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ..................................................................................... 1 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................... 5 OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................... 10 CAPITULO I - REVISÃO CARIOLÓGICA DO GÊNERO Leptodactylus FITZINGER, 1826 (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) ................................... 11 RESUMO .............................................................................................................. 12 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................... 13 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ................................................................................. 14 RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................... 15 SUBGÊNERO LEPTODACTYLUS .................................................................................. 15 Grupo melanonotus .............................................................................................. 15 Grupo ocellatus ..................................................................................................... 21 Grupo pentadactylus ............................................................................................. 25 Grupo fuscus ......................................................................................................... 33 SUBGÊNERO LITHODYTES ......................................................................................... 43 DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................................... 46 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................... 51 Apêndice 1 ............................................................................................................. 56 CAPITULO II - CHROMOSOME VARIATION IN THE TRIBE LOPHIOHYLINI MIRANDA-RIBEIRO, 1926 (ANURA, HYLIDAE) ......... 59 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 60 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 61 MATERIAL AND METHODS ........................................................................... 63 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 64 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 75 VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... 79 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 79 Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................ 83 CAPITULO III - VARIAÇÃO CROMOSSÔMICA NA TRIBO DENDROPSOPHINI FITZINGER, 1843 (ANURA: HYLIDAE) ................... 84 RESUMO .............................................................................................................. 85 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................... 86 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ................................................................................. 88 RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................... 89 Pseudis Wagler, 1830 ............................................................................................ 89 Scarthyla Duellman & de Sá, 1988 ...................................................................... 91 Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838 ......................................................................... 94 Xenohyla Izecksohn, 1998 .................................................................................... 98 Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 ........................................................................... 99 DISCUSSÃO ......................................................................................................... 102 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ............................................................... 109 Ap éndice 1 ............................................................................................................. 115 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS e CONCLUSÕES ............................................... 116 Capitulo I .............................................................................................................. 116 Capitulo II ............................................................................................................. 117 Capitulo III ........................................................................................................... 118 ANEXO – METODOL OGIAS ............................................................................ 120 IX RESUMO Embora exista uma grande diversidade de complementos
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