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A Guide for the Book of Concord

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A Guide for the Book of Concord Reference to The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical CRUCIAL CONTROVERSIES Lutheran Church, Kolb/Wengert 2000 A Guide for The Book of Concord Three “parties” emerged in the The second generation experi- Chart compiled by Sharolyn Browning Lutheran tradition: Spring 2014 at the Lutheran School of enced three major controver- The Nicene Creed was Theology “Lutheran Confessions” 1. Gnesio-Lutherans: claiming true loyalty to Luther‟s writings sies as the movement developed at the Ecu- led by Rev. Dr. Kurt Hendel Update & more charts at: Johannes Bugenhagen At the Diet of Augsburg, Emperor Charles V was slow In response to Pope Paul III (1536) papal bull, representatives and 2. Philippists: loyal to Melanchthon‟s matured http://www.bouncingonthebread.com/files/ 1485-1558 menical Councils of the Katherine von Bora to respond to the Augsburg Confession. Melanchthon, theologians gathered as the Smalcald League in Smalcalden (Saxony) writings, plus Luther‟s Wittenberg‟s pastor 4th century. The first 1499-1552 with colleagues, began an “apology” or “another re- in February of 1537 to adopt an official confessional document. There 3. Mediators: 2nd generation moder- 1547-1555 married Luther in 1525 ates—the authors below fall into council was called by sponse”, and eventually directly toward the imperial was conversation among the Evangelical colleagues regarding which Adiaphoristic Controversy response, “Confutation to the Evangelicals.” It was first that camp Emperor Constantine in should be viewed as “the” confessional documents: The Augsburg The Gnesio-Luth claimed Katie Luther is not credited directly distributed with the Augsburg Confession in May 1531. with influencing the Small Cate- Confession with Apology OR The Smalcald Articles. (Luther was not Jakob Andreae (Epitome) David Chytraeus there is no adiaphora; cannot 325 CE to Nicea (in It was called the “quarto edition” because of its format- chism, but she no doubt influenced present due to illness.) They adopted the Augsburg Confession with give ground. F of C Art X. modern-day Turkey.) it as Luther‟s partner in marriage; it ting. A September 1531 edition was known as the Apology as the official confessional document, but also felt the need to The first version of the was most likely a guide in in their “octavo edition” and remained the official edition, in add a document on the power and authority of the pope. 1551-1562 Nicene Creed was own home and parenting life spite of Melanchthon‟s subsequent edits. Majoristic Controversy adopted at the Council Bugenhagen influenced Asserted “good works” ARE of Nicea in 325 and Luther‟s Large Catechism necessary for salva- and Melanchthon‟s Philipp Melanchthon revised at the Council of 1497-1560 tion...contradicts Luther Martin Luther Augsburg Confession Professor & Lay leader Constantinople in 381. 1483-1546 Reformer of the Church 1555-1560 Synergistic Controversy If no one can merit faith, why do some have it while others don‟t? “Will” is The Luther & Melanchthon were dialog partners influencing each either passive or actively resists the Holy Spirit Nicene others writings directly during this Martin Chemnitz Nicolaus Selnecker time Creed 1529 1529 1537 1537 1580 325-381 CE 1530 1531 1577 Preface and The Small Apology The Treatise Formula of The Large The Title Page of Catechism of the Smalcald on the Concord Catechism Augsburg the Book of The Augsburg Articles 1st published as a or what printers Confession Power and The “sorting out” of sixty Athanasian chart; then written for Confession years of the Reforming Concord called the German Written as a response to Pope Written at the urging of Primacy of Creed Clement VII‟s call for Lutheran movement: addressing Compiled into authorita- the “head of Melanchthon‟s Saxon elector, John 5th century Catechism was writ- princes and cities to explain their the Pope both RC and radical re- household” religious program. Immediate response to the Frederick, to be a kind tive evangelical confes- A product of the Smalcald Main question: ten for clergy on the impetus was John Eck‟s 404 “Confutation”, and of “last will and testa- formers. Two documents: sions celebrating the propositions & desire to prove ment” to Luther‟s League, but primarily written Solid Declaration and its basics of faith orthodoxy of Lutheran position to revised the Augsburg by Melanchthon. 50th anniversary of “What is this?” emperor & leaders at Augsburg theological positions summary, the Epitome Confession Augsburg Confessions The Apostles Articles: Section ONE: a brief confession of ancient Elector John of Saxony commissioned Trinitarian doctrine Creed Catechisms developed from the earliest days of Luther and Melanchthon to begin to I: God Evangelicals demanded that the Solid Declaration: The above 4 The Confessions: God Christianity, and in the Middle Ages were for basic compile the response to Pope Clement, II: Original Sin Council of Mantua (ultimately authors re-fashioned the Swabian- come from scripture 7th century Christology however Luther did not travel to Augs- III: Christ Council of Trent) be free of pa- Saxon Concord and the Maulbronn assert truth as a faithful wit- instruction in church doctrine. Luther first published a burg, since he was considered an out- Section TWO: Concerns regarding practices Formula from the Torgau Book of IV: Justification counter to the biblical message pal control. The Smalcald law. Thus, Melanchthon wrote and 1576 and re-worked into the ness to the Gospel Personal Prayer Book in 1522, that served as a presented the Confession, which needed VII & VIII: The Church Section THREE: doctrinal topics for theologi- League gathered to clarify its The authorship and date ans to find as common biblical truths “Bergen Book” in 1577 which be- Summarize the faith of the to demonstrate orthodoxy and catholicity of the Athanasian Creed is predecessor to these later works. IX: Baptism CONCERNING: position on the papal authority came the Solid Declaration. church catholic and the evan- apart from the radical reformers AND X: Holy Supper on the basis of scripture. While uncertain, and yet can be over/against Roman positions. Sin Key controversies addressed: gelicals XI: Confession signed by many, it was Art. I: Original Sin; Flacius attributed to a single The Small Catechism con- The Large Catechism Topics: Law Are contemporary symbols of XII: Repentance ultimately written by Philipp Art. II: Free Will person at the monastery tains the words and Martin contains lengthier discourse I. Doctrine of God Repentance faith; with a universality, XIII: Number /Use of Sacraments Melanchthon. Art. III: Righteousness; A. Osiader at Lerins (France) be- Luther‟s explanation for: (than the Small Catechism) II. Original Sin False Penance Art. IV: Good Works meaning, & significance that tween 440-542 CE. XIV: Church Order The position essentially Art. V: Law & Gospel transcends time The Ten Commandments on the following: III. Christology Gospel XV: Human Traditions in Church agreed with Luther‟s as Art. VI: Third Use of Law; Antinomian The Apostles Creed has IV. Justification Baptism As they confess truth, they The Apostles Creed The Ten Commandments XVI: Political Order presented in the Smalcald Art. VII: Real presence; Crypto-Calvinist roots in 2nd century V. Office of Preaching & Ministry Sacrament of Altar Art. VIII: Christology reject falsehood The Lord‟s Prayer The Apostles Creed XVII: Christ‟s Return for Judgment Articles. Rome. The “Roman VIII. Church Keys Art. IX: Christ descent into hell; Aepinus XVIII: Free Will Remains the modern Lu- Art. X: Ecclesiology Creed” served as a creed The Sacrament of Holy The Lord‟s Prayer XIII. Baptism & Use of Sacraments SCRIPTURE is XIX: Cause of Sin Confession Art. XI: Pre-destination; Strassburg for those preparing for theran position on the au- the norming norm Baptism (booklet of rite) The Sacrament of Holy XVIII. Free Will XX: Good Works Excommunication Art.XII: Factions & Sects Baptism, thus its contin- thority of popes norma normans The Sacrament of the Altar Baptism (booklet of rite) XX. Faith & Works XXI: Invocation of the Saints Ordination & Vocation ued liturgical use. The Confessions leave The Sacrament of the Altar XXIII. Marriage of Priests XXII: Both Kinds of Lord‟s Supper Blessings: morning, even- Marriage of Priests open the authority for the Epitome: At the request of princes, CONFESSIONS are These three ancient XXIV. Mass XXIII: Marriage of Priests Jakob Andreae, summarized the ing, table, thanksgiving PLUS: Church pope IF the pope follows the normed norm creeds have united the XXV. Confession XXIV: The Mass (& Sacrifice) lengthier Solid Declaration in the Bible passages Confession & Forgiveness Justification & Good Works Christ church catholic as bearers Epitome. It has the same structure norma normata XXVII: Monastic Vows Monastic Vows of the Gospel for centuries Marriage booklet XXVIII: Ecclesiastical Power with more succinct explanations. Human Regulations Theotokos = God bearer = Mary Scripture is the norming norm “norma normans” Cyril of Alexander, 5th century Confessions are the normed norm Luther said the scriptures are A Guide to Grace Incarnate The Formula of Chaldedon: Affirmed n the Epitome; VIII.7 “norma normata” the cradle of the Gospel Christ is fully divine LAW & its three uses: Doctrine of God Christ is fully human “We believe, teach, and confess 1. Discipline, exposes right from wrong; curbs The Doctrine (teaching) of God is: that the only rule and guiding Christ is one person Trinitarian: one in three persons Communicatio
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