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Australia's Need for Nuclear Powered ISSUE 135 MARCH 2010 Australia’s Need for Nuclear Powered Submarines New Generation Navy - Navy’s Wind of Change Seeking Sydney a major life mission: Commodore Bob Trotter & Dr Mike McCarthy - Interviewed Force 2030: Recruitment is Not the Problem Braving the battle, winning the war : Fighting piracy in the Gulf of Aden “Will and Vision” - some would see Australia as having strategic vulnerability The Lessons Learnt from Hydrogen Sulphide Incidents in the Royal Australian Navy and more… Journal of the Shipyards: Australia and USA Email: [email protected] Fax +61 8 9410 2564 Tel: +61 8 9410 1111 WWW.AUSTAL.COM Issue 135 3 Letter to the Editor Contents Dear Editor, Australia’s Need for Nuclear Powered May I congratulate the Editorial Board on the last couple of Headmark Submarines 4 editions. A few years ago I was thinking of giving up my ANI membership because the journal articles appeared largely to be essays for university degrees, New Generation Navy - Navy’s Wind with authors using hi falutin terms for concepts that have been around for of Change 12 years! However, recent articles are more to the point of what I believe the ANI is all about. The Relevance of Modern I am particularly pleased to see contributions from relatively junior people. Naval Experience and Classical Before the ANI was established, the only way an officer (or senior sailor) could Maritime Strategic Thought in the air an idea was to send a letter (through his captain) to the Naval Board. On a 21st Century 19 couple of occasions my captain refrained from forwarding on my ideas, telling me to leave thinking to the admirals! Force 2030: Recruitment is Not the `Don’t call me Sir’ was particularly thought provoking. Thank heavens that Problem 22 some of the routines which were relevant to the days of sail have been dropped without losing the Navy’s standards and traditions (which are different from “Will and Vision” - some would `customs’). I ask the question of whether we still need to use the salute as see Australia as having strategic an informal greeting or acknowledgement (while keeping it for parades and vulnerability 25 formal occasions). I look forward to reading more ideas from serving personnel and learning Cochrane’s Dog, Individual Courage And from interesting articles. Service Loyalty 30 Braving the battle, winning the war : Yours aye Fighting piracy in the Gulf of Aden 33 Viv Littlewood Commander RAN Retd HMAS Sydney & Ship’s Company 1941 38 Northern Trident 09 40 Letters submitted by email are preferable to those written in cursive pen. The Lessons Learnt from Hydrogen The Editor can be reached at [email protected] Sulphide Incidents in the Royal Australian Navy 45 Seeking Sydney a major life mission: Errata Commodore Bob Trotter and Dr Mike Issue 133, Sep 2009: McCarthy - Interviewed 48 P. 45 final sentence on p 44: “complimentary” should read “complementary”. Around Australia in a Fairey Seaplane – the Adventures of Wing Commander The picture of the Dickin medal in the article on HMS Ametyst should in fact Goble and Flight Lieutenant Mcintyre on be labelled: “Naval General Service Medal, with bar Yangtze, awarded to the their Pioneering 1924 Flight 59 respective RN ships’ companies and to the RAF Sunderland crew.” Book Reviews 67 Issue Number 135 Front page: HMAS Waller enters Sydney Harbour for Exercise RIMPAC preparations at Fleet Base East, prior to Visions from the Vault 71 Printed by Everbest departing for Hawaii. Printing Company ANI On-line Guide 72 ISSN 1833-6531 - RAYTHEON AUSTRALIA - BOOZ & COMPANY - AUSTAL Style Notes for Headmark 73 - THALES NAVAL GROUP - DEFENCE MARITIME SERVICES - QINETIQ Design & DTP: ANI Membership Application Form 75 Diane Bricknell - AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE CREDIT UNION - ATI - LOPAC - SAAB [email protected] Journal of the Australian Naval Institute 4 Australia’s Need for Nuclear Powered Submarines byG IRGIS he May 2009 Defence White Paper announced that 12 future Tsubmarines would be acquired for the Australian Defence Force (ADF), in what is set to be the largest single defence project ever undertaken by 1 Australia. The Australian Government has placed great emphasis on our future submarine force and, although such emphasis is not out of place, the level of prescriptive detail on these submarines that is contained within the Defence White Paper contrasts markedly with the largely intangible and at times ethereal requirements for other capabilities. It can be argued that this detailed public statement was done for political Astute-class (BAE 2 reasons which have more to do with strategic value of submarines. The strategic environment Systems) the inputs of a few defence analysts It follows that the assumed and industry representatives, who RAN bias can only be overcome by Concurrently professional serving have disproportional influence in the Government direction at the most officers and civilian staff, employed by Prime Minister’s office, than with the senior levels. The whole process the Department of Defence, continue actual capability needs. Indeed, there appears to have the cart before the to assess our strategic needs and force seems to be a long-held misconception, horse, with Government setting the structure requirements. That Australia held by politicians forming the detailed requirements and effectively needs to have strong underwater current Government and a group of pre-empting ‘First Pass’ approval before warfare capabilities, today and in the Cutaway of the new their senior advisors, that the Royal the needs and requirement’s phases has future, is beyond question. Submarine HMS Astute class - Australian Navy (RAN) has a historical been completed within the Department numbers in the Asia-Pacific region are note several sonar 3 dislike for its submariners and hence of Defence. increasing along with their technical arrays (Courtesy 4 Thales) inherently fails to recognise the sophistication. Journal of the Australian Naval Institute Issue 135 5 The modernisation of the world’s nuclear powered attack submarines (SSN) is of even more concern to Australia’s defence planners. Today six nations deploy SSNs: the United States (US), Russia, France, the United Kingdom (UK), China and India, in addition, several other nations, including Pakistan and Brazil, have declared an interest in acquiring them. Nations which exclusively operate SSNs – the US, the UK and France – continue to demonstrate their advantages over conventional submarines - which are more correctly described as submersibles. This sends a potent message to other nations that nuclear power is better, and that nations that acquire 5 SSNs are members of a ‘special club’. Astute class During the 1950s the US led the that time the Russians have not had protect its own national interests in the submarines being world on SSN development (USS the economic strength to maintain Asia-Pacific and hence the possibility built at BAE Systems’ Thresher), and they subsequently their technological edge. However, the of Russian, Chinese or Indian SSN Barrow-in-Furness helped the UK develop their first SSN Russians still have a submarine force to deployments in Australia’s area of shipyard. (BAE (HMS Dreadnought). Most people be reckoned with, the Akula II (Project interest has increased from a rare and Systems) would agree that the US’s new Virginia 971) and Graney class (Project 885) unlikely occurrence to a likely prospect. class SSNs coming off the production SSNs are some of the best in the world, As indigenous Indian and Chinese line are the most advanced large-size but Russian economic limitations have SSN production increases all ADF 6 submarines in the world. The UK has led to the drying-up of SSN research operations at a distance from Australia since produced their own SSNs, with funding and the cancellation or delay will have to take the possibility of 9 the latest Astute class SSN starting seas of SSN production. Despite such set other nation’s SSNs into account. The 7 trials in November 2009. backs, the Russians have provided Chinese have taken several decades France, learning from the US valuable technical assistance to the to absorb and improve upon SSN and UK experiences and after delays Chinese and Indians navies which has technologies, but they have now turned due to priority being given to their helped those nations to develop their the corner and are able to produce ballistic missile submarines, eventually own indigenous nuclear power plants nuclear powered attack submarines developed their own unique nuclear for their SSNs. that are at least comparable with those power plants for their SSNs. The In the Asia-Pacific region the of other powers. future French SSN, the Barracuda is introduction of new advanced SSNs by The latest Chinese SSN, the Type now under development and the first China and India is changing the way we 093 Shang class, was officially revealed 10 submarine should enter service around must plan for Australia’s future defence. early in 2009. The Chinese People’s 8 2017. No longer can we rely upon US military Liberation Army-Navy (PLAN), with Not to be left behind in the Cold primacy in the Pacific Ocean to a fleet of such submarines would have War arms race, the Soviet Union also guarantee sea control when we operate the potential to deploy a SSN from opted for indigenous nuclear power in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, as bases around the South China Sea into plant development for its first SSN in it has since the beginning of the Cold the South-West Pacific and Indian 1959, NATO designation November War when the US Navy effectively Oceans for extended periods, and class. Russian-designed SSNs kept bottled-up the Russian Pacific Fleet not necessarily for purely warfighting pace with their US counterparts until in North Asian waters.
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