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From Arminius to Herman the German
We should have all been Roman: from Arminius to Herman the German KAI BRODERSEN Cheruscan” – enjoyed increased public interest since the late 18th century: Arminius, who was not identifiable with a single contemporary small state, was eminently suitable as a national hero for the whole of Germany, and A Nation’s Hero became “Herman the German”.1 Thusneld This interest in Arminius is palpable in “high”2 as well as less high literature, as the A child – a child! His father’s kind occasional poem by Josephine Scheffel, née how high my heart does beat! Krederer (1803-1865) quoted above shows. It But should I glow in mothers’ lust is written from the perspective of Thusneld(a), Rome’s yoke you have to break! the wife of Hermann whose mission to break “Rome’s yoke” is combined with the private On! Herman, on! The Romans fight! event of the birth of a baby. To be sure, when Your son must be no slave! a grandson of the poetess published the poem Bring Varus’ shield and crest to me after his grandmother’s death, he was not As price for all my pains! entirely wrong when, in his introduction, he denied the claim that his aim was to “enrich I shan’t give breast-milk to this child, German lyric with a new jewel”,3 but even Teutates, hear my oath! poems like Thusneld attest the popularity of Until of serfdom’s awful pain Herman the German in the 19th century. The my fatherland is freed. same sentiment is visible, for instance, in the monumental painting “Elevation of Hermann The hero went to fight ‘gainst Rome the Cheruscan after the Battle of the Teutoburg in furious battle-lust. -
Arminius in National Socialism How the Nazis Presented Antiquity in Propaganda
Arminius in National Socialism How the Nazis presented antiquity in propaganda A Master thesis by Job Mestrom (s4130030) Supervisor: Dr. Coen Van Galen Coordinator: Dr. Lien Foubert Eternal Rome MA History Radboud University Nijmegen 10-08-2016 Contents: Abstract 3. Introduction 3. Reception studies 4. Chapter 1: Towards an understanding of National Socialist Propaganda. 9. Propaganda as a concept and how the Nazi Regime put it to use. 9. Backgrounds to racial inequality in National Socialist thought. 12. The importance of the Classics and history as Rassenkampf. 13. Chapter 2: Nineteenth century propaganda of the antique past. 16. Monuments, the materialisation of the link between nation building and antiquity. 16. Nation building from 1871 onwards, antiquity as a common ancestry. 20. Chapter 3: 1933-1945; a period of ambiguity? 23. Antique Greek art, the 'evidence' of a common primeval race. 24. More ambiguity within the Reich's propaganda. 27. Understanding the Nazis' appropriation of the antique past. 29. Clashing ideologies. Germanentum or a broader idea of Aryanism? 30. Chapter 4: 1933-1945; The case of Arminius. 33. Arminius as a propaganda tool for National-Socialists: Grabbe's Die Hermannsschlacht. 33. Arminius as a propaganda tool for National-Socialists: the Lippe campaign 1933. 36. Arminius as propaganda tool for National-Socialists: 'Ewiger Wald' (1936). 38. Arminius-propaganda put in perspective. 41. Conclusion 46. Bibliography 49. 2 Abstract This thesis examines how the National Socialist regime in Germany between the years 1933 and 1945 interacted with the figure of Arminius, the German tribal leader who transformed during the nineteenth century into Hermann, the forefather of the German nation. -
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:63Ðá&=(61( 2%/,&=$ 35=(6=á2Ė&, :63Ðá&=(61( 2%/,&=$ 35=(6=á2Ė&, Redakcja $UNDGLXV]0DUFLQLDN 'DQXWD0LQWD7ZRU]RZVND 0LFKDâ3DZOHWD Poznań 2011 Wydawnictwo Poznańskie “!is project has been funded with support from the European Commission (“Culture” 2007 – 2013 programme). !is publication re+ects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein”. „Niniejszy projekt został zrealizowany dzięki 1nansowemu wsparciu Komisji Europejskiej (Program Kultura 2007 – 2013). Publikacja odzwierciedla wyłącznie stanowisko ich autorów, Komisja Europejska nie ponosi zaś odpowiedzialności za jakiekolwiek wykorzystanie informacji zawartych w tejże publikacji” Fotogra1a na pierwszej stronie okładki: Robert Demarczyk Tłumaczenie abstraktów i streszczeń z j. polskiego na angielski oraz korekta tekstów angielskich: Joanna Haracz-Lewandowska za wyjątkiem tekstu 1 (Wprowadzenie) – Arkadiusz Marciniak Tłumaczenie abstraktów i streszczeń z j. angielskiego na polski: Dariusz Błaszczyk Recenzenci prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Rączkowski prof. dr hab. Jacek Woźny Redakcja ISBN 6SLVWUHāFL Arkadiusz Marciniak, Danuta Minta-Tworzowska, Michał Pawleta Współczesne oblicza przeszłości. Wprowadzenie .. ..................... 9 (Contemporary faces of the past. An introduction — summary) ................. 21 2%5$=<35=(6=ì2Ā&,:35$.7<&($5&+(2/2*,&=1(- 32'67$:<7(25(7<&=1( Henryk Mamzer O archeologicznej autokreacji ....................... ..................... 25 (On archaeological self-creation -
Die Bildnisbüsten Der Walhalla Bei Donaustauf. Von Der Konzeption Durch Ludwig I. Von Bayern Zur Ausführung
Die Bildnisbüsten der Walhalla bei Donaustauf Von der Konzeption durch Ludwig I. von Bayern zur Ausführung (1807 - 1842) Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie der Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität München vorgelegt von Simone Steger aus Großhöhenrain Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften der LMU München Institut für Kunstgeschichte München, 2011 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Steffi Roettgen Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Frank Büttner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14. Februar 2011 Danksagungen Hiermit möchte ich mich bei folgenden Personen für ihre große Hilfe und freundliche Un- terstützung bei dieser Arbeit, sowie die Bereitstellung und die Genehmigung zur Veröffentli- chung von Bildmaterial bedanken: Frau Prof. Dr. Steffi Roettgen Herrn Prof. Dr. Frank Büttner Herrn Robert Raith, Walhallaverwaltung Regensburg Allen Mitarbeitern des Geheimen Hausarchivs München sowie dem Hause Wittelsbach Dr. Herbert W. Rott, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen München Dr. des. Frédéric Bußmann, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen München Herrn Heino Kahrs Archivleiter, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen München Der Bayerischen Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen München Herrn Edmund Hausfelder, Stadtmuseum Ingolstadt Herrn Dr. Ruprecht Stolz Frau Janna Weitkamp, Schlossverwaltung Bebenhausen Frau Christine Bernheiden, Galerie Neuse Bremen Herrn Dr. Christian Geyer und Herrn Dr. Eduard Wätjen Des weiteren für ihren hilfreichen Rat, die Korrektur der Arbeit, ihre Geduld und Zuversicht: Frau Rosemarie Steger Frau Dr. Regine Stefani und Frau Dr. Verena Dirnberger meiner Familie und meinem Mann Stefan Steger Hinweis zur Qualität der Abbildungen: Die Auflösung der nicht selbst fotografierten Abbildungen wurde aus bildrechtlichen Gründen in der Arbeit reduziert. Wurden Bildnachweise nicht explizit angegeben, handelt es sich um eigene Aufnahmen bzw. Fotografien oder Abbildungen, die mir mit freundlicher Genehmigung der Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen in Mün- chen zur Verfügung gestellt wurden. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Tacitus and nationalism in nineteenth-century art WARREN, RICHARD How to cite: WARREN, RICHARD (2014) Tacitus and nationalism in nineteenth-century art, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9502/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Material Abstract Author: Richard Warren Title: Tacitus and nationalism in nineteenth-century art In the nineteenth century artists patronised by national, imperial and aristocratic elites in Europe turned to Tacitus and other classical sources for inspiration in defining the national and ethnic ideal of these patrons. This is a phenomenon that was particularly evident in the German-speaking countries of central Europe, where the figure of Arminius from Tacitus' Annals was represented in many different artistic media, from painting to monumental sculpture. In the German states themselves depictions often followed a similar prescription, which took their inspiration from the plays of Freidrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Heinrich von Kleist, which dramatised the victory of Arminius (or 'Hermann') over Quinctilius Varus and his Roman army. -
Constructing Mythologies of the Germanen
Constructing Mythologies of the Germanen in Nineteenth- and Twentieth- century Germany Iain Boyd Whyte Casting its gaze broadly across the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, this essay investigates the construction of a pre-history of German visual art and architecture rooted in the ancient practice of theGermanen . After the Congress of Vienna created the framework in 1815 for the modern European nation states, art and architecture assumed a new role in defining and giving form to the national character, with museums and public institutions designed to serve the public domain. Accordingly, art history was structured according to national schools, which were seen to exemplify national character. In Germany this process of mythologisation through the reinvention of ancient art practice was nurtured as a powerful emotional antidote to the modernisation, internationalisation, and secularisation of German society. As Claude Lévi-Strauss once noted, myths are ‘machines for the suppression of time’.1 It was also a highly promiscuous activity, ranging in its search for possible sources across all the visual and decorative arts, architecture, archaeology, ethnology, linguistics, literary history, and material culture. This short essay explores the diversity of this compulsion to invent and construct mythologies of nation, memory, and tradition, and its recurring iterations over the 19th and 20th centuries. Definitions and adoptions The Germanen are defined not by geographical location but by language and ethnology, with tribal groupings coalescing around three main groupings: the North Germanic, essentially the modern Scandinavian nations; the East Germanic based 1 Claude Lévi-Strauss, The Raw and around the Oder and the Vistula; and the West Germanic the Cooked: Introduction to a Sci group, made up of Elbe Germanen (Lombards, Bavarians and ence of Mythology (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 16. -
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke Hitler’S Priestess
HITLER’S PRIESTESS NICHOLAS GOODRICK-CLARKE HITLER’S PRIESTESS Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London Copyright ᭧ 1998 by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Hitler’s priestess : Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan myth, and neo- Nazism / Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8147-3110-4 (acid-free paper) 1. Neo-Nazism. 2. Savitri Devi. I. Title. JC481.G57 1998 320.53'3'092—dc21 97-45407 CIP New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Manufactured in the United States of America 10987654321 CONTENTS ALL ILLUSTRATIONS APPEAR AS AN INSERT FOLLOWING PAGE 80. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODUCTION: ‘‘Discovered Alive in India: Hitler’s Guru!’’ 1 1. Hellas and Judah 7 2. Aryavarta 26 3. Hindu Nationalism 43 4. The Nazi Brahmin 64 5. The Duce of Bengal 77 6. Akhnaton and Animal Rights 92 7. The Hitler Avatar 109 8. Defiance 126 9. Pilgrimage 147 10. The ODESSA Connection 169 11. Inside the Neo-Nazi International 187 12. Last Years and Legacy: Nazis, Greens, and the New Age 210 v vi CONTENTS NOTES AND REFERENCES 233 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 251 INDEX 255 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 269 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS When writing the biography of an underground figure, one can only benefit from the help of persons in the milieu. -
From Teamchef Arminius to Hermann Junior: Glocalised Discourses About
This article was downloaded by: [University of East Anglia Library] On: 11 December 2012, At: 01:57 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Language and Intercultural Communication Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmli20 From Teamchef Arminius to Hermann Junior: glocalised discourses about a national foundation myth Andreas Musolff a a School of Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Version of record first published: 31 Jan 2012. To cite this article: Andreas Musolff (2012): From Teamchef Arminius to Hermann Junior: glocalised discourses about a national foundation myth, Language and Intercultural Communication, 12:1, 24-36 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2011.626862 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Hermann the German: Nineteenth-Century Monuments and Histories | 219
Graeco-Roman Antiquity and the Idea of Nationalism in the 19th Century || Case Studies Edited by Thorsten Fögen and Richard Warren ISBN 978-3-11-047178-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-047349-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-047303-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: statue of Boudicca (by Thomas Thornycroft), London © Richard Warren, photograph: courtesy of Peter Warren Data conversion: jürgen ullrich typosatz, 86720 Nördlingen Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents | V Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Copyright References | VII Thorsten Fögen & Richard Warren Graeco-Roman Antiquity and the Idea of Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century: Introduction | 1 Anthony D. Smith Classical Ideals and the Formation of Modern Nations in Europe | 19 Athena S. Leoussi Making Nations in the Image of Greece: Classical Greek Conceptions of the Body in the Construction of National Identity in Nineteenth-Century England, France and Germany | 45 Tim Rood ‘Je viens comme Thémistocle’: Napoleon and National Identity after Waterloo | 71 Edmund Richardson The Emperor’s Caesar: Napoleon III, Karl Marx and the History of Julius Caesar | 113 Rosemary Barrow Faithful unto Death: Militarism, Masculinity and National Identity in Victorian Britain | 131 Richard Hingley Constructing the Nation and Empire: Victorian and Edwardian Images of the Building of Roman Fortifications | 153 Richard Warren Henry Courteney Selous’ Boadicea and the Westminster Cartoon Competition | 175 Christopher B. -
Blood and Iron’ 31
Forged Through ‘Blood and Iron’ 31 Forged Through ‘Blood and Iron’: How and Why the Army was so Important in the Creation of a German Nation from the 1860s to 1918 Nadja Siegel Second Year Undergraduate, University of New England* It is not possible to comprehend the nation-building processes of Germany without recognising the importance of the military. The essay seeks to set out how and why the army was so important in the creation of a German nation from the 1860s to the eve of the First World War. It explores the historical context of the rise of the military during the nineteenth century and the particular importance of France as the ‘hereditary foe’, which eventually led to the political establishment of the German nation state after the Franco-German war. The role of the military in the unification in political terms has been extensively covered. Blackbourn for instance acknowledged the army as ‘architect’ of a unification that was won on the battlefield.1 Whilst the military functioned as both a tangible institution of the State and creator of unification, in its role as national symbol it became a feature of German national culture and consciousness. The essay therefore applies the more recent concept of Eric Hobsbawm’s ‘invented traditions’ that are traced through national histories - in particular those created through the Franco-German war - and associated public celebrations; monuments such as the Hermannsdenkmal or Völkerschlachtdenkmal, and national symbols, in which we find a celebration of military culture. Everyday life was permeated by military culture, the army visible and omnipresent.2 Institutions such as the navy were a ‘national metaphor’.3 Yet the military achieved real political power: its privileged position outside the constraints of civilian rule was cemented through its past achievements and prominence in tradition. -
Arminius the Turbulator
Arminius the Turbulator Depicting Germanness and Combating Foreigners in German Collective Memory Conor O’Riordan HIS 492 Sec 02 Professor Gatzke May 14, 2019 O’Riordan 1 In the autumn of AD 9, Arminius, a German chieftain, led an ambush against the Roman commander Publius Quinctilius Varus and the three lower Rhine legions in Teutoburg Forest. Depending on the ancient sources, the massacre lasted one to four days with around 15,000 Romans killed or enslaved.1 In the aftermath, Emperor Augustus exclaimed this now famous line when news of the massacre reached Rome: “Quintilius Varus, give me back my legions!”2 The battle sent shockwaves across the known world, and the proceeding Germanic Wars would last several years. Centuries later, the Roman Empire would never reclaim their former hegemony in Germania, the territories and clans beyond the Rhine River. This battle, called the clades Variana (Varian disaster) in Latin, but more commonly known among German historians as the Varusschlacht (Varus’s battle) or the Hermannsschlacht (Hermann’s battle), ranks among the greatest defeats of Rome. Though the Varusschlacht is a topic onto itself, the man who orchestrated the battle is more fascinating. Arminius, prince of the Cherusci Clan located neat modern-day Hannover, was a Romanized German in every sense of the word; he spoke Latin, fought in the legions, and gained Roman citizenship.3 Up until the Varusschlacht, Arminius and the Cherusci were adamant Roman sympathizers. The ill-fated Varus even considered Arminius a trusted adviser. Despite his elevated status in Roman society, Arminius threw it all away. -
Hannelore Putz: Bayerische Blicke Auf Den Römischen Kunstmarkt (1790–1815)
Hannelore Putz: Bayerische Blicke auf den römischen Kunstmarkt (1790–1815). Bedingungen, Akteure, Mechanismen Zeitschrift Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken Band 97 (2017) Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Rom DOI: 10.1515/qfiab-2017-0013 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. Hannelore Putz Bayerische Blicke auf den römischen Kunstmarkt (1790–1815) Bedingungen, Akteure, Mechanismen Riassunto: A partire dal Rinascimento, Roma fu il centro europeo del mercato delle antichità e delle opere d’arte, nonché dell’attività artistica. L’importanza politica e culturale, assunta dalla città quasi senza soluzione di continuità fin dai tempi antichi, aveva fatto nascere, nel corso dei secoli, straordinarie collezioni di opere d’arte. Al contempo gli artisti producevano nuove opere, e giovani artisti confluivano in questa „metropoli europea dell’arte“ per studiare, per imparare dai grandi, per raccoglierne gli impulsi in maniera creativa, per riportare in patria le cognizioni acquisite. I rivol- gimenti e le crisi politiche, economiche e belliche, che verso la fine del XVIII secolo scuotevano tutta l’Europa, ebbero dirette consequenze sul delicatissimo mercato d’arte romano, cambiandone radicalmente le condizioni complessive che sarebbero rimaste critiche fino al riordinamento dell’Europa dopo le guerre napoleoniche.