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2. Practices of Irrigation Water Pricing
\J4S ILI(QQ POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1460 Public Disclosure Authorized Efficiency and Equity Pricing of water may affect allocation considerations by Considerations in Pricing users. Efficiency isattainable andAllocating Irrigation wheneverthe pricing method affectsthe demandfor Public Disclosure Authorized Water irrigation water. The extent to which water pricing methods can affect income Yacov Tsur redistributionis limited.To Ariel Dinar affect incomeinequality, a water pricing method must include certain forms of water quantity restrictions. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The WorldBank Agricultureand Natural ResourcesDepartment Agricultural Policies Division May 1995 POLICYRESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1460 Summary findings Economic efficiency has to do with how much wealth a inefficient allocation. But they are usually easier to given resource base can generate. Equity has to do with implement and administer and require less information. how that wealth is to be distributed in society. Economic The extent to which water pricing methods can effect efficiency gets far more attention, in part because equity income redistribution is limited, the authors conclude. considerations involve value judgments that vary from Disparities in farm income are mainly the result of person to person. factors such as farm size and location and soil quality, Tsur and Dinar examine both the efficiency and the but not water (or other input) prices. Pricing schemes equity of different methods of pricing irrigation water. that do not involve quantity quotas cannot be used in After describing water pricing practices in a number of policies aimed at affecting income inequality. countries, they evaluate their efficiency and equity. The results somewhat support the view that water In general they find that water use is most efficient prices should not be used to effect income redistribution when pricing affects the demand for water. -
'And Plastic Servery Unit Burns
Issue number 103 Spring 2019 PLASTIC SERVERY ’AND BURNS UNIT GIFT SUGGESTIONS FROM The East India Decanter THE SECRETARY’S OFFICE £85 Club directory Ties The East India Club Silk woven tie in club Cut glass tumbler 16 St James’s Square, London SW1Y 4LH colours. £20 Telephone: 020 7930 1000 Engraved with club Fax: 020 7321 0217 crest. £30 Email: [email protected] Web: www.eastindiaclub.co.uk The East India Club DINING ROOM – A History Breakfast Monday to Friday 6.45am-10am by Charlie Jacoby. Saturday 7.15am-10am An up-to-date look at the Sunday 8am-10am characters who have made Lunch up the East India Club. £10 Monday to Friday 12.30pm-2.30pm Sunday (buffet) 12.30pm-2.30pm (pianist until 4pm) Scarf Bow ties Saturday sandwich menu available £30 Tie your own and, Dinner for emergencies, Monday to Saturday 6.30pm-9.30pm clip on. £20 Sundays (light supper) 6.30pm-8.30pm Table reservations should be made with the Front The Gentlemen’s Desk or the Dining Room and will only be held for Clubs of London Compact 15 minutes after the booked time. New edition of mirror Pre-theatre Anthony Lejeune’s £22 Let the Dining Room know if you would like a quick Hatband classic. £28 V-neck jumper supper. £15 AMERICAN BAR Lambswool in Monday to Friday 11.30am-11pm burgundy, L, XL, Saturday 11.30am-3pm & 5.30pm-11pm XXL. £55 Sunday noon-4pm & 6.30pm-10pm Cufflinks Members resident at the club can obtain drinks from Enamelled cufflinks the hall porter after the bar has closed. -
Views with Smallholder Farmers in Ecuador’S Mazar Watershed Were Combined with Secondary Sources
EL ARADO: BREAKING GROUND FOR PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES BASED ON OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF CONSERVATION IN ECUADOR A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Chela Kirpal Moore June 2004 This thesis entitled EL ARADO: BREAKING GROUND FOR PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES BASED ON OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF CONSERVATION IN ECUADOR BY CHELA KIRPAL MOORE has been approved for the Center for International Studies by Brad Jokisch Director, Latin American Studies Josep Rota Director, Center for International Studies MOORE, CHELA KIRPAL. M.A. June 2004. International Development Studies El Arado: Breaking Ground for Payment for Environmental Services Based on Opportunity Costs of Conservation in Ecuador (117pp.) Director of Thesis: Brad Jokisch Payment for Environmental Services is a market mechanism designed to achieve sustainable development, with beneficiaries of environmental services paying landholders whose resources provide those services. This thesis explores how opportunity costs of conservation can be a tool for designing effective payments. Interviews with smallholder farmers in Ecuador’s Mazar Watershed were combined with secondary sources. The value of production per hectare per year, a proxy for farmers’ opportunity costs, was calculated for three land uses: potato and corn cultivation, and dairy. The thesis demonstrates: 1. dairy farming’s value of production is declining and does not constitute the highest return; 2. there are poor conditions for potato cultivation, generating a low value of production; 3. corn cultivation results in the highest value of production. Therefore, two scenarios for designing payments per hectare per year are suggested: the highest value of production, $239.13, and the value from a production mosaic, $190.40. -
Guide for Labeling Consumer Package by Weight, Volume, Count, Or Measure (Length, Area Or Thickness)
NIST Special Publication 1020 Guide for Labeling Consumer Package by Weight, Volume, Count, or Measure (length, area or thickness) Editors: David Sefcik Lisa Warfield This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1020 NIST Special Publication 1020 Guide for Labeling Consumer Package by Weight, Volume, Count, or Measure (length, area or thickness) Editors: David Sefcik Lisa Warfield Dr. Douglas Olson, Chief Office of Weights and Measures Physical Measurement Laboratory This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1020 June 2020 NIST SP 1020 supersedes all previous editions U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Undersecretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1020 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1020, 40 pages (June 2020) This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1020 Foreword This document, “Guide for Labeling Consumer Packages by Weight, Volume, Count, or Measure (length, area, or thickness),” is based on the Uniform Packaging and Labeling Regulation (UPLR) in National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 130, “Uniform Laws and Regulation in the Areas of Legal Metrology and Fuel Quality.” It provides a summary of labeling requirements for consumer products and commodities sold by weight, volume, count, or measure. -
The Absentee Property Law and Its Implementation in East Jerusalem a Legal Guide and Analysis
NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL The Absentee Property Law and its Implementation in East Jerusalem A Legal Guide and Analysis May 2013 May 2013 Written by: Adv. Yotam Ben-Hillel Consulting legal advisor: Adv. Sami Ershied Language editor: Risa Zoll Hebrew-English translations: Al-Kilani Legal Translation, Training & Management Co. Cover photo: The Cliff Hotel, which was declared “absentee property”, and its owner Ali Ayad. (Photo by: Mohammad Haddad, 2013). This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position or the official opinion of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) is an independent, international humanitarian non-governmental organisation that provides assistance, protection and durable solutions to refugees and internally displaced persons worldwide. The author wishes to thank Adv. Talia Sasson, Adv. Daniel Seidmann and Adv. Raphael Shilhav for their insightful comments during the preparation of this study. 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8 2. Background on the Absentee Property Law .................................................. 9 3. Provisions of the Absentee Property Law .................................................... 14 3.1 Definitions .................................................................................................................... -
Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: a Brief History
1 .0 11 8 1.25 1.4 I 6_ DOCUMENT RESUME ED 142 418 SE 022 719 AUTHOE Judson, Lewis V. TITLE Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A Brief History. Updated Edition. INSTITUTION National Bureau of Standards (DOC) ,Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NBS-SP-447 PUB DATE Mar 76 NOTE 42p.; Contains occasional small print; Photographs may not reproduce well AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock Number 003-0O3-01654-3, $1.00) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$2.06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Government Publications; History; *Mathematics Education; *Measurement; *Metric System; *Science History; *Standards ABSTRACT This document was published by the National Bureau of Standards to meet the current demand for information on the history of weights and measures in the United States. It includes an illustrated discussion of this history through 1962 followed by an addendum covering the period 1963-1975. Appendices provide a bibliography and photographic copies of eight documents important to the development of official standards of measurement. (SD) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * -to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. -
500 DUNAM on the MOON a Documentary by RACHEL LEAH JONES 500 DUNAM on the MOON a Documentary by RACHEL LEAH JONES
500 DUNAM ON THE MOON a documentary by RACHEL LEAH JONES 500 DUNAM ON THE MOON a documentary by RACHEL LEAH JONES SYNOPSIS 500 DUNAM ON THE M00N is a documentary about the Palestinian village of Ayn Hawd which was captured and depopulated by Israeli forces in the 1948 war and subsequently transformed into a Jewish artist's colony and renamed Ein Hod. It tells the story of the village's original inhabitants who, after expulsion, settled only 1.5 kilometers away in the outlying hills. Since Israeli law prevents Palestinian refugees from returning to their homes, the refugees of Ayn Hawd established a new village: “Ayn Hawd al-Jadida” (The New Ayn Hawd). Ayn Hawd al-Jadida is an unrecognized village, which means that it receives no services such as electricity, water, or an access road. Relations between the artists and the refugees are complex: unlike most Israelis, the residents of Ein Hod know the Palestinians who lived there before them, since the latter have worked as hired hands for the former. Unlike most Palestinian refugees, the residents of Ayn Hawd al-Jadida know the Israelis who now occupy their homes, the art they produce, and the peculiar ways they try to deal with the fact that their society was created upon the ruins of another. It echoes the story of indigenous peoples everywhere: oppression, resistance, and the struggle to negotiate the scars of the past with the needs of the present and the hopes for the future. Addressing the universal issues of colonization, landlessness, housing rights, gentrification, and cultural appropriation in the specific context of Israel/Palestine, 500 DUNAM ON THE M00N documents the art of dispossession and the creativity of the dispossessed. -
CURRICULUM VITAE Dr Parvin Dokht Mashhoor
CURRICULUM VITAE Dr Parvin Dokht Mashhoor Name: Parvin Dokht Mashhoor Date of Birth: April 22th, 1951 Place of Birth: Khaaf, Iran PhD: Persian Language and Literature Academic Status: Assistant Professor Affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Iran Email: [email protected] Academic Qualifications: (1) PhD (2000), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(Subject: Persian Language and Literature) (2) Master of Arts (1995), Islamic Azad University, Mashhad,Iran. (Subject: Persian Language and Literature) (3) Bachelor of Arts (1973), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (Subject: English Language and Literature) Academic Experience: 1997 to date Faculty member and Lecturer in Persian Language&Literature at Islamic Azad University of Mashhad and Neyshabour and Payam-e-Noor University 1997-2001 Teaching Persian Language & literature at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 1 1995-1999 Teaching Persian Language&Literature at the Center of Higher Education for Teachers 1971-1996 Teaching English Language and Literature in Mashhad High schools Awards: Top Researcher of university in 2010 Top Researcher of university in 2009 Top Researcher of university in 2008 Best Academic and cultural lecturer in 2009 Best Paper award in Iranian Woman Conference Best Paper award in Makhtoom Gholi Faraghi Conference Professional Experience: Representative of Women Research Council at Islamic Azad University of Neyshabour 2005 to date Secretary of Women Research Council in District 9 of Islamic Azad University for 2 years Member of Research Council of Islamic Azad University of Neyshabour 2008 to date Member of Publication Council of Islamic Azad University of Neyshabour 2009 to date Editorial board member of Persian Language and Literature Journal at Islamic Azad University of Neyshabour Editorial Board Member of Persian Language and Literature Journal ,"KAMAND".at Baluchestan University. -
The United States and the Question of Joining the Baghdad-Pact
Batman University Journal of Life Sciences Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi Volume 10, Issue 2 (2020) Cilt 10, Sayı 2 (2020) Accede or not Accede?: The United States and the Question of Joining the Baghdad-Pact Mehmet RAKİPOĞLU1 1Departman of International Relations, Batman, Türkiye, [email protected] Max WITTMANN2 2Sakarya University, Middle East Institute, Sakarya, Türkiye [email protected] Geliş Tarihi/Received: Kabul Tarihi/Accepted: Yayın Tarihi/Published: 30.06.2020 21.12.2020 30.12.2020 ABSTRACT To contain Soviet influence in the world the United States had allied with many states to be able to retaliate potential communist attacks. After the founding of NATO to protect Europe and SEATO for South Asia, the Baghdad Pact was established to shield the Middle East. Its members were Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and Great Britain, just the US did not accede, despite having initiated the program and being a member of the other organizations. The paper aims to explain this American decision and shows that the United States was caught between several dilemmas and ambiguities. In the end, the negative effects of accession were seen as more serious than the positive ones and the pact was left to its fate. Keywords: Baghdad Pact, Cold War, Suez Crisis, the US in the Middle East 1 Research Assistant Batman University, Department of International Relations, PhD. Candidate Sakarya University Middle East Institute; [email protected] 2 Master Student, Sakarya University Middle East Institute; [email protected] 1 Year/Yıl 2020, Volume/Cilt 10, Issue/Sayı 2 Mehmet RAKİPOĞLU, Max WITTMANN Kabul Etmek ya da Etmemek: ABD ve Bağdat Paktı’na Katılım Sorunsalı ÖZ ABD dünyadaki Sovyet nüfuzunu kontrol altına almak ve potansiyel komünist saldırılara misilleme yapabilmek için birçok devletle ittifak kurmuştu. -
A Cause for Reflection: Imagining Brazil at 100 Years of Independence
A Cause for Reflection: Imagining Brazil at 100 Years of Independence By Joseph M. Pendergraph Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History August, 2015 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Marshall C. Eakin, Ph.D. Sarah E. Igo, Ph.D. “O Gigante: Vossos irmãoes na pátria nova passam tranquillos com riqueza largos annos… outro sistema de gouverno abraçam, que julgam mais propício para os humanos, porque nesse regimen, ali novo, dizem que manda simplesmente o povo.”1 “For my part I will say that, if my body leaves [Brazil], my heart stays, and that, if one day it should split, on it will be seen the words Brazil and Portugal, so intensely linked, so intimately intertwined, that it shall not be possible to separate one from the other.”2 1 Augusto de Lacerda, As duas patrias: poêma em homenagem a Portugal e Brasil por occasião do centenário da abertura dos portos brasileiros ao commércio do mundo (Porto: Oficinas do Commercio do Porto, 1908), 116 – The passage reads roughly, “The Giant: Your brothers in the new Pátria calmly live long years with richness / embracing another form of government that they believe to be more propitious for mankind / because in this new regime it is said that the people simply govern.” The timing of this quotation is key for understanding the critique. The work was published in 1908 just two years before the overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy. The decadence of the throne in the nineteenth century had led to intellectual criticism in the 1870s and republican revolts and conspiracies in the last years of the century. -
~-Oiolade LATIM AMERICAN Eneiuly ORGA/Llzatioh Energ~Y Mlagazmne O) • Year 22, Number 4, October-November-December 1998
~-Oiolade LATIM AMERICAN ENEIUlY ORGA/llZATIOH Energ~y Mlagazmne O) • Year 22, number 4, October-November-December 1998 Organización Latinoamericana de Energía ontents Editorial 2 Seminar on Energy Risk Management: Futures Markets 7 Seminar on Sustainable Energy for Restructured Markets 16 Energy Reform: Key Element for the Economic and lnstitutional Transformation of the Dominican Republic 22 Seminar on Modernization of the Electric Power Subsector in Latín America and the Caribbean 30 Energy News 32 Energy Statistics 36 Notes Calendar of Events Th~ Encrgy Mcigo.z1ne is a qul'lrtedy publlcnuon issucd by che Pcrmancnt S~crccarint oí thc latin Amerrean Encrgy Org:uil1ntion (OLA.DE). undcr che supervlslon of its Editorial Board. The s1gned ~!'liclcs are 1hc $Ole responsibiliiy of their' nuchors and do oot neces.sarily roflact tho ofílctal poslcioo oí the Organti.itlon cr its mcmbor coumries. OLAOE permits thc rcproducuon oí thc prosoot :u·rldcs. in part 01· in fulf, as wef as illustrations. ns long as the source 1$ quoeed. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Luiz A M. da Fonseca lxcculive Secrewry, 01.ADE EDITORIAL BOARD Ana lia Duco and Lidia Mad•s.Argentina/Gloria Villa. Costa Rica/Pedro Morales Carballo, Cuba Dieuseul Anglade, Haiti/Ricardo Samanlego Breach, Mexico/David Small, Trinidad and Tobago Cristina Mattos. Uruguay EDITOR Gustavo Martinez PHOTOGRAPHS Technical Secretariat of the Office of the President of the Domlnkan Republic. Eliana Fernandes/Petrobros, lmage Bank Latín American Energy Organizatíon Avc.Anecmo lose de Sucre NS8·63 & Pcrnández Salvador. OLAOE Suilding. Sector San Carlos • P.O. Box l 7~11-06413. Quito. Ecuador· Phones: (593·2) 597-995/598.122 Fax: (593-2) 5)9.684 • E·maH: olade 1 @olade.oo-g.e< ISBN 02544.845 Organización Latinoamericana de Energía Editorial The countries of Latín America and The present edition oí the Energy the Caribbean, at differing degrees of Magazine providcs a surnrnarv of thc intensity, have been engaged in issues and conclusions of the principal events oí Enerlac '98: the restructuring their energy sector. -
Understanding Farmers' Adaptation to Water Scarcity
IWMI Research Understanding Farmers’ Report Adaptation to Water Scarcity: A Case Study from the Western 160 Nile Delta, Egypt Wafa Ghazouani, François Molle, Atef Swelam, Edwin Rap and Ahmad Abdo RESEARCH PROGRAM ON Water, Land and Ecosystems Research Reports The publications in this series cover a wide range of subjects—from computer modeling to experience with water user associations—and vary in content from directly applicable research to more basic studies, on which applied work ultimately depends. Some research reports are narrowly focused, analytical and detailed empirical studies; others are wide-ranging and synthetic overviews of generic problems. Although most of the reports are published by IWMI staff and their collaborators, we welcome contributions from others. Each report is reviewed internally by IWMI staff, and by external reviewers. The reports are published and distributed both in hard copy and electronically (www.iwmi.org) and where possible all data and analyses will be available as separate downloadable files. Reports may be copied freely and cited with due acknowledgment. About IWMI IWMI’s mission is to provide evidence-based solutions to sustainably manage water and land resources for food security, people’s livelihoods and the environment. IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil society and the private sector to develop scalable agricultural water management solutions that have a tangible impact on poverty reduction, food security and ecosystem health. IWMI Research Report 160 Understanding Farmers’ Adaptation