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HeritageCollective

Heritage Statement

Land north of New Inn Farm, Tenby, Pembrokeshire

On behalf of Constantine Wind Energy

January 2015

Project Ref: 14/1671

Project Number: 14/1671 Authored by: Karl Hulka ACIfA Reviewed by: Nick Garland ACIfA Date: January 2015 Document version M:\HC\Projects\Projects 1601- 1700\14.1671 - New Inn Farm, Tenby\Reports\14 1671 - Heritage Statement - New Inn Wind Turbine (2015 01 28) v 4.docx

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CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 2.0 LEGISLATION AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 6 3.0 ASSESSMENT OF INDIRECT IMPACTS 11 4.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DIRECT IMPACTS 18 5.0 CONCLUSIONS 21

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Site location maps Appendix 2: Designated Heritage Assets within 3km of the proposed turbine (map and list) Appendix 3: Entries on the Dyfed Historic Environment Record within 2km (map and list)

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This heritage statement has been prepared by Heritage Collective on behalf of Constantine Wind Energy. It relates to the proposed erection of a single wind turbine on land north of New Inn Farm, Tenby, Pembrokeshire. The height of the proposed turbine would be a maximum of 50m to tip and it will stand to the north of the B4318 road. The proposed turbine is centred at National Grid Reference (NGR) SN (2)08261, (2)03155.

1.2 The author of this report has extensive experience of assessing the effects of change to the historic environment, both in terms of built heritage and below ground archaeology and in urban and rural contexts. This experience includes having written or contributed to numerous heritage chapters for environmental statements dealing with the effects of wind farms (amongst others), in Wales, Scotland and England.

1.3 A site walkover was carried out by Karl Hulka ACIfA, Director of Archaeology at Heritage Collective and the relevant conservation areas, listed buildings, scheduled monuments were visited.

Background, purpose and scope

1.4 This heritage statement has been prepared in support of the application in response to a screening response provided by Pembrokeshire County Council on the 22nd September 2014 (Ref: SC/0789/13) which called for, amongst other supporting documents;

 An assessment of impact on the Historic Landscape

 An assessment of impact on the architectural and archaeological heritage of the area

1.5 Accordingly, and following discussions with Mr Mike Ings of Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT), it was agreed that a 2km search of the Historic Environment Record (HER), centred on the proposed turbine location, would be sufficient to assess the archaeological potential of the application site and that in the first instance, an archaeological appraisal accompanied by a site walk-over would provide a proportionate approach.

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1.6 This assessment takes into account the potential impact of the proposed wind turbine on “heritage assets”, including listed buildings, conservation areas and archaeology (both scheduled and non-scheduled) within the vicinity of the proposed turbine. Direct archaeological impacts are considered, as well as the indirect impact on the settings of heritage assets.

1.7 Experience of other wind energy proposals suggests that a study area with a radius of 2km around the proposed 50m turbine is sufficient to identify all the heritage assets that could reasonably be said to be indirectly affected by the development. In this case registered parks and gardens, historic battlefields and world heritage sites are not considered because there are none within the study area.

1.8 In addition to the 2km study area, consideration has been given to the possibility that there may be other heritage assets beyond the study area, in this case up to 3km from the proposals, which could be affected; these are commonly scheduled monuments and higher graded listed buildings (i.e. grades I and II*). Two listed buildings and three scheduled monuments have been identified beyond the study area and these are discussed in Section 3.

1.9 In terms of listed buildings, the study areas takes in a total of seven listed buildings in the settlements of Redberth and St Florence, as well as more disparate buildings, including a farmhouse, a limekiln and two ruined medieval houses. There is one grade I listed building, the medieval house to the rear of West Tarr Farm and two grade II* listed buildings, namely the Church of St Florence and Carswell medieval house. The remaining buildings are listed grade II.

1.10 A proportionate approach has been taken in which the depth of the assessment is related to the importance of the heritage assets concerned, and to the likely effects on their special interest arising from the proposed turbine.

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2.0 LEGISLATION AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

Legislation

2.1 Legislation relating to listed buildings is contained in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Section 66 of the Act places a duty on the decision maker to have special regard to the desirability of preserving listed buildings and their settings.

2.2 Legislation regarding archaeology, including scheduled ancient monuments, is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 and 2002.

Welsh Office Circular 60/96 and 61/96

2.3 On 5th December 1996 the Welsh Office issued Circular 60/96: “Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology” and Circular 61/96: “Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas”. In considering any planning application for development, the decision maker needs to be mindful of the policy framework set by this government guidance and also by current Development Plan policy and by other material considerations.

Welsh Office Circular 61/96

2.4 Paragraph 7 of the Circular deals with the publication of notices of planning applications for development by local planning authorities. It states that, in the publication of notices, “this requirement should not be interpreted narrowly”.

2.5 Paragraph 11 of the Circular deals specifically with the setting of listed buildings. It states that:

“[…] The setting is often an essential part of a [listed] building’s character especially if a park, garden or grounds have been laid out to complement its design or function. Also, the economic viability as well as the character of historic buildings may suffer and they can be robbed of much of their interest and of the contribution they make to townscape or the countryside if they

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become isolated from their surroundings, e.g. by new traffic routes, car parks, or other development.”

2.6 This paragraph provides the clearest explanation in the Circular of:

i what is meant by setting (there is no definition of “setting” as such in the Circular); and

ii what should be protected from harm in terms of applications affecting the setting of a listed building.

2.7 Taking these in turn, the Circular firstly relates the setting of a listed building to its essential character. The Circular rightly notes the way in which a designed garden or formal landscape can serve as an essential component of a listed building’s character; it is easy to appreciate how a formal garden can complement a historic building by creating a sense of place, and defining or directing significant lines of sight of the building, or channel views from principal rooms within a building, et cetera. Such designed landscapes, and in particular sight lines or laid out vistas, can include distant land.

2.8 The Circular does not, however, state or imply that any or all distant land in the context of a listed building should necessarily be considered essential to its character. Neither does the Circular state or imply that the visibility of a new development from, or in conjunction with, a listed building would necessarily affect its character, or result in harm.

2.9 In most cases the land which plays the most essential role in contributing towards the character or interest of a building is its immediate surroundings, even in more open, rural contexts. For example, the relation between a farmhouse and its outbuildings, as well as its farmyard (which is usually well defined) is in most cases the most critical aspect in terms of its setting. This is the ‘arena’ in which the building is experienced and it can have an influence on the perceived character of the building. Other relevant factors usually include: the orientation of the building (with particular reference to associated buildings, roads and other features); the direction from which the building is approached or seen; the relation between the building and landscape associated features such as watercourses and fields; and the role of the building in terms of group value with other buildings or structures, including functional and historic associations.

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2.10 The Circular then gives practical examples of how development in the setting of a listed building can cause harm. The examples indicate the nature and type of such harmful development, including ‘robbing’ the special interest of a listed building, or isolating it from its surroundings. It is noted that the economic viability of listed buildings can be compromised by such development; the result of which could be that buildings would fall into dereliction and disrepair. This again gives a good indication of the type of harm that the Circular seeks to protect listed buildings from.

2.11 Paragraph 46 of the Circular explains the purpose of listing: “to ensure that a building's special architectural or historic interest is fully recognised and that any works […] which would affect its character as a listed building, are brought within statutory control”. In other words, the purpose of listing is essentially to ensure and enable protection of a listed building’s special interest. In the same way, the inclusion of the setting of listed buildings in statutory controls extends that protection to the surroundings of listed buildings – insofar as these surroundings contribute towards, or underpin, the special interest of the building.

2.12 Paragraph 67 of the Circular reinforces that, by stating that the statutory controls apply to works that would “affect a building's special interest”. Paragraph 68 of the Circular notes that listing does not prohibit change. Paragraph 69 then categorically states that the local planning authority must assess the likely impact of proposals on “the special architectural or historic interest of the building” and its setting. It is clear from this that:

i setting is included in the statutory controls not for its own sake, but rather to ensure that the special interest of listed buildings are not compromised by development affecting their settings; and

ii there is no presumption against development that would result in a change to the setting of a listed building as such – only if that development would compromise the special interest of the building.

2.13 Paragraph 70 of the Circular lists issues that are generally relevant to the consideration of all listed building consent applications. These include “the importance of the building and its intrinsic architectural and historic interest and rarity”, as well as “the particular physical features of the building […] which justify its inclusion in the list”. As before, it is clear from these two

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points that the consideration of an application should focus on the particular elements or qualities of the building that are of special interest.

2.14 The extent to which a proposed development would bring substantial benefits for the community is also noted, which implies that the benefits of an application should be weighed against any harm as part of the decision making process.

2.15 However, the third point (as listed in the Circular) is of the most relevance here:

“the building's setting and its contribution to the local scene, which may be very important, e.g. where it forms an element in a group, park, garden or other townscape or landscape, or where it shares particular architectural forms or details with other buildings nearby”

2.16 This statement is perhaps best appreciated in the context of a townscapes or streetscapes, where buildings tend to enclose views and spatially define the urban environment. The contribution of a listed building to its local scene is important where such a building has been designed to make a particular contribution to its surroundings. The prominence of high status buildings - such as public buildings - is easy to appreciate, but conversely modest buildings or restrained designs can also be important in terms of their particular contribution to their surroundings.

2.17 In the case of relatively modest buildings in rural contexts, such as farmhouses, this relationship is often reversed: it is usually the contribution of the building’s surroundings (its setting) to its special interest that is most important, instead of the building’s contribution to the quality and character of its surroundings, which tend to be more limited (exceptions in rural contexts tend to be landmark buildings such as castles, towers, etc.).

Welsh Office Circular 60/96

2.18 Paragraph 8 of the circular states that development plans should reconcile the need for development with the interests of conservation, including archaeology. Paragraph 10 goes onto to say that the desirability of

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preserving a monument, weather scheduled or unscheduled, is a material consideration in planning applications.

2.19 Paragraphs 13 and 14 focus on the need for assessments into the archaeological potential of a site, including desk based assessments and small scale evaluations, which are required only where there is a potential for important archaeological remains. The guidance states that the results of such assessments should be presented to the LPA at the application stage.

2.20 LPAs need to understand the extent of archaeological remains within the site in order to ascertain if their change and removal will harm the historic environment. In the case of nationally important remains there is a presumption in favour of in-situ preservation. For all over remains preservation by record is the next best option and is often employed for less important remains.

Planning Policy Wales

2.21 Chapter 6 of Planning Policy Wales Edition 7 (July 2014) addresses the historic environment, with the objective to ensure its protection. Paragraph 6.5.1 states the desirability of preserving ancient monuments and their setting and how this forms a material consideration in the determination of planning applications. Paragraph 6.5.2 goes on to state that archaeological assessment can help to provide information on the archaeological sensitivity of the site but that this may need to be supported by field evaluation if important remains are thought to be present.

2.22 With regard to listed buildings, paragraph 6.5.9 states:

“Where a development proposal affects a listed building or its setting, the primary material consideration is the statutory requirement to have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building, or its setting, or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses.”

2.23 This reiterates the requirements of the 1990 Act and it again emphasises that it is the special architectural or historic interest of the building that is protected.

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3.0 ASSESSMENT OF INDIRECT IMPACTS

Introduction

3.1 There are five listed buildings within the 2km search area, one of which, the Church of St Florence, is listed grade II* and the remainder are listed grade II. These are summarised below and their location illustrated on the map at Appendix 2.1. The buildings are given an ID number relating to their distance from the proposed turbine and a catalogue of the buildings is provided at Appendix 2.2.

LB01 Redberth Parish Church, which lies approximately 1.0km to the north of the site of the proposed turbine.

LB02 Ivy Tower Mansion, which lies approximately 1.1km to the southeast of the proposed turbine.

LB03 East Jordanston Farmhouse, which lies approximately 1.3km to the south of the site of the proposed turbine.

LB04 The Pincheston Quarry limekiln, located approximately 1.8km to the west of the site of the proposed turbine.

LB05 The Church of St Florence, located around 2km from the site of the proposed turbine. The grade II* listed church forms the focal point and ‘principal asset’ of a wider group of grade II listed buildings which are beyond the 2km study area but within the village setting.

3.2 Part of the village of St Florence is also designated as a conservation area.

3.3 The listed buildings that have been identified beyond the study area are:

LB06 West Tarr Medieval House, listed grade I, to the south-east of St Florence village and approximately 2.4km from the site of the proposed turbine;

LB07 Carswell Medieval House, listed grade II*, to the east of St Florence village and approximately 2.6km from the site of the proposed turbine

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3.4 The heritage assets potentially affected by the proposed wind turbine are considered below, with an assessment of the effects of the proposed turbine on their interest.

The 2km study area

3.5 The closest listed building to the proposed turbine is the grade II listed Redberth Parish Church (LB01 - 18213) which lies approximately 1.0km to the north of the site of the proposed turbine. The church forms the focal point of the historic eastern part of Redberth and there is no real sense of any connection between the church and the distant land to the south. The church is visually separated from the site of the proposed turbine by intervening buildings, trees and vegetation to the extent that the turbine, even if partially visible in some views from the raised churchyard, would not affect the interest of the building, or its role and ‘landmark’ function within the small village.

3.6 Ivy Tower Mansion (LB02 – 6013) lies approximately 1.1km to the southeast of the proposed turbine. The building lies within grounds which now form a wildlife park including a large caged enclosure to the northeast. The special interest of the house lies in its architectural and historic value. It represents a good example of an early 19th century gentrified country house, probably with earlier elements to the rear and is the ancestral home of the Williams family, ancestors of Bishop Farrar who was martyred during the Marian Persecutions of the mid 16th century.

3.7 The house is well screened by mature trees planted within the grounds which themselves are defined by a chain-link fence. Consequently, the listed building is best appreciated from the lawn to the northwest of the house and its setting comprises the grounds in which it is located. There are no important views to or from the house in which the turbine would appear and so the significance of the listed building would remain unaffected by the proposals.

3.8 East Jordanston Farmhouse (LB03 - 6012) lies approximately 1.3km to the south of the site of the proposed turbine. Its significance lies in its vernacular architectural form and early origins, with the rubblestone eastern wall attesting to its age. The house is approached from the south, past

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flanking ranges of modern buildings to the east and west that form part of its setting. The turbine would theoretically appear to the side of the house as it is approached. However, the mature deciduous trees to the north would obscure or heavily filter (depending on the season) the turbine in views from the south.

3.9 To the northwest, the trees form a somewhat overgrown avenue that leads northwards, past the house, but it is not aligned with the site of the proposed turbine and it probably forms the remnant of a former roadway rather than a designed sight line. The house itself is oriented slightly to the north-east, and consequently the prospect from the rear windows does not directly overlook the avenue of trees but towards another tree line which runs east - west along the edge of the lawn on that side of the house and appears to define the extent of views in that direction.

3.10 Although the turbine may be partially visible alongside the house in some views, or from its upper rear windows as part of a broader prospect, the presence of the turbine would not compromise or otherwise affect the special interest of the listed building, or the way in which it is appreciated.

3.11 Pincheston Quarry limekiln (LB04 - 18212), is located approximately 1.7km to the west of the site of the proposed turbine. The special interest of the kiln lies in the structure as a representative remnant of a once common, but now relatively rare example of a historic method of lime production (i.e. industrial archaeology). It is the structure/physical fabric of the kiln that is of special interest and, aside from its relative isolation and relationship with an adjacent disused quarry, the wider setting of the kiln now has little bearing on its interest. In this context the turbine, to the extent that it would be visible from or alongside the kiln in certain views, would not affect its special interest in any way.

3.12 The Church of St Florence (LB05 - 6008) is set on a raised platform in a central location and forms the most dominant building in the village with its stone tower providing a local landmark. The church is clearly of considerable architectural and historic interest. The turbine would not be framed in views alongside the church, although there are areas in the northern part of the raised churchyard from which the turbine may potentially be visible. Its presence in outward views from the churchyard, in the far distance beyond

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the village, would not in any way affect the special interest of the church, or its appreciation, or the role it plays as a local landmark in the village.

3.13 The St Florence Conservation Area comprises the historic settlement core around the church, but also the lower lying areas to the southwest. The buildings that make up the area are not all coherently or consistently historic, although the townscape on the whole is perhaps of greater overall value than the sum total of the individual buildings. This includes the scale, spacing, height, building lines and plot ratios, etc. of the buildings and it is best appreciated and understood within street views.

3.14 The landscape beyond, where the conservation area can be seen in glimpses in gaps between buildings, plays at best only a peripheral role in understanding or revealing the interest of the buildings, townscape and area, although where it is visible in gaps, it makes a valuable connection between the settlement and rural hinterland. Views across the conservation area from the lanes to the south are screened by hedges and mature trees which allow very limited appreciation of the conservation area from the high ground on that side. Views northwards from within the conservation area are for the most part restricted to the corridor along the road leading to the A4318, a view in which the turbine would not appear. Appreciation of the landscape on either side of this corridor is limited by the houses which line it.

3.15 The wind turbine, at a distance of around 2km, would not have a notable presence from within the conservation area. Whilst it would be visible from some points within the conservation area, it would not affect the relationship between St Florence and the wider landscape beyond, and neither would it influence the character or appearance of the area itself.

Scheduled Monuments within 2km search area

3.16 A Bronze Age round barrow (SM01 – PE453) lies c. 780m northwest of the proposed turbine, north of the minor road running into Redberth from Sageston. The pronounced earthwork is 2m high, and 32m in diameter. It is well preserved and distinct on aerial photographs.

3.17 Whilst the monument itself lies on flat land within a field, there are high hedgerows along the boundary of the field. In summer these would prevent

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views southwards towards the monument from the public highway and are likely to obscure views to the southeast from the monument in winter in the direction of the turbine.

3.18 This monument is located on slightly higher ground than the turbine but the amount of vegetation in the vicinity means that visibility of the turbine from the monument will be heavily filtered, even in the winter. The archaeological significance of the monument is mainly related to its evidential value; its archaeological potential and historic interest. There are no known designed views or sight lines from the monument that would be affected, and the ability to appreciate the round barrow, within the present landscape, will remain unchanged. The presence of the turbine will not harm the significance or archaeological interest of this monument.

Heritage assets beyond the 2km search area

3.19 West Tarr Mediaeval House (LB06 – 16920, SM02 – PE423) is listed grade I and a scheduled monument and lies approximately 2.4km to the southeast of the proposed turbine. It is in a ruined state although it is still roofed, and its interest lies in the fact that it is a relatively rare survival of its type, even in its current condition. There is now little by way of its setting that reveals contextual or historic relationships, with a modern house and outbuilding in the immediate context. The local topography and perhaps the roadway could be regarded as relevant factors in revealing something about the building and these aspects of its setting are therefore important. However, the remains of the house are set in a sheltered location and even in leafless months the intervening tree screening would filter the turbine to the extent that the turbine would not have a pronounced visual presence from or alongside the asset. It would not alter the way in which the house is appreciated or understood, and its interest would remain unchanged.

3.20 Park Camp (SM03 – PE261) lies approximately 2.6km to the northwest of the proposed turbine. It comprises a prehistoric, probably Iron Age, enclosure defined by an earthen bank which is now heavily wooded on all but the northern side. The significance of the monument lies principally in its archaeological and historical interest, attesting to former occupation of the area and providing evidence of social organisation in the later prehistoric period. Due to the tree cover, the monument is best appreciated from close

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at hand, either within the enclosed area or from the northern side. The setting comprises modern agricultural fields on all sides except to the northeast where a house and its associated lawns also form part of the setting. In this respect the setting plays little part in the special interest and due to the tree cover the turbine would not appear in any important views to or from the monument. Consequently there would be no effect on the significance of the asset.

3.21 Carswell Medieval House (LB07 - 6005, SM04 – PE373) lies 2.6km to the southeast of the proposed turbine and is listed grade II* as well as being a scheduled monument. Like the medieval house at West Tarr, the building is a ruin although in this instance CADW have carried out works to consolidate the fabric and have provided a timber stair against the western side of the building to allow access to the first floor which probably comprised the main accommodation. The significance of the asset lies in its architectural, historic and archaeological interest. The building represents a relatively rare example of a medieval vaulted house and given the age of the building, there is likely to be archaeological evidence below ground in the immediate vicinity. The setting however has been much altered in recent years as the asset is closely hemmed in by modern agricultural sheds and outbuildings. Although these provide some rural context to the asset, their modern fabric diminishes their contribution to the special interest of the building.

3.22 However, the building sits at the western edge of this complex and there are open views to the west across agricultural land which provides valuable context to the building. The turbine would not appear in these views although it is possible that the blade tips would be visible in the periphery of views in the extreme northwest. Given the distance of the turbine from the asset and the proximity of modern structures, any visibility of the turbine would have no effect on its significance either as a listed building or scheduled monument.

3.23 The Milford Haven Waterway Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest lies on the north western edge of the 3km study area and relates to the sub-division of this landscape character area known as ‘Carew, Milton and Nash’. The area is characterised as a rural landscape with its historic provenance established in the medieval manors of the area. However the character area covers a very large area with great diversity in the appearance

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of the various parts, ranging from the mud flats of the Milford Haven waterway to the rolling countryside further in-land. The character area also includes industrial landscapes. Given that the proposed turbine lies nearly 3km from the edge of this character area, views within it and views towards it from the east would be largely unaffected and the character of the designated area would not be adversely impacted upon.

3.24 There is also another area, not included in the CADW dataset but identified on the Dyfed Archaeological Trust Website as ‘Carew Airfield’ which is characterised by the remnants of the WWII airstrips and some remaining contemporary buildings. This was superimposed over the pre-existing field pattern and has subsequently been partly eroded by the construction of the Saggerston Bypass across the northern part of this area.

3.25 RAF Carew Cheriton was re-commissioned in 1938 following its former use as an airship station during the First World War. It was adapted to accept aeroplanes at this time to compliment the Pembroke Docks flying boat base. In 1942 the base became No.10 Radio School, a training base for aircrew wireless operators, but closed in 1945. Now disused, there are a number of structures, such as pill boxes, runways, a control tower and other buildings which are still surviving. The control tower has been restored to its original condition.

3.26 Other than the control tower, many of the surviving buildings have been converted to industrial use and although the turbine would be visible from within the character area, its significance lies in the remaining fabric of the airfield and buildings rather than views to or from it from the surrounding countryside. In this respect, the character would remain unaffected.

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4.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DIRECT IMPACTS ON ARCHAEOLOGY

General Site Description

4.1 The application boundary runs north from the main road (B4318) along an existing farm track, turning east into the adjacent farm yard before sweeping round to the north of the farmhouse, turning northwards along the eastern side of an existing field boundary and finally turning north westward to surround the turbine location. The surrounding area is made up of large fields, generally of improved pasture land although there is a break of planted coniferous trees immediately to the west of the field in which the turbine is located.

4.2 In general, the ground falls from north to south with high ground forming a ridge to the north of the turbine location. The land at the turbine location is set at approximately 57m AOD.

Geology

4.3 The British Geological Survey identifies the turbine location as being on the boundary between two bedrocks separated by a fault. To the south the underlying solid geology is shown as Pembroke Limestone Group, sedimentary rocks formed approximately 372 to 354 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period whilst to the north the solid geology comprises Twrch Sandstone Formation, an interbedded sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 313 to 326 million years ago, also during the Carboniferous Period in an environment dominated by rivers. The line of the fault in this area is not noticeably reflected in the topography or vegetation cover.

4.4 The British Geological Survey does not identify the superficial geology but the site walk-over determined that the site of the turbine is currently occupied by improved pasture supported by a topsoil of silty sand.

4.5 Historic maps of the area suggest that the application site has been in agricultural use since at least the early 19th century although the Ordnance Surveyors Drawing of 1809 suggests it may have lain on the very edge of enclosed land at that time. The western field boundary of the plot containing the proposed turbine has formed part of the parish boundary between

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Redberth to the northwest and St Florence to the southeast since at least the mid 19th century.

Dyfed Historic Environment Record

4.6 The Dyfed Historic Environment Record (HER) contains over 70 entries within a 2km search radius of the proposed turbine. This includes listed buildings and unlisted buildings within the closest settlements at St Florence to the south, and Redberth to the north, all largely dating to the post-medieval period (18th and 19th century buildings), none of which will experience direct impacts as a result of the wind turbine. The buildings within the settlements are not considered further within this assessment. The HER entries are plotted on a map at Appendix 3.1 and catalogued at Appendix 3.2.

4.7 In summary the HER indicates that the site is in an area well known for its post–medieval industrial past, characterised by quarries and lime kilns in the vicinity of the site. The nearest entry to the turbine location relates to the crash-landing of a Whitley V military aeroplane in which all crew members were killed (103726). The plane crashed to the northwest of New Inn Farm and there is no longer any above ground remnants of the incident. Also in close proximity to the application site, an Iron Age hill fort is recorded and while the HER describes this monument as an ‘earthwork’ in ‘near in-tact’ condition, the walk-over could not identify these remains in the location indicated, an area where historic dumping and earth-moving has taken place.

4.8 There is limited evidence for early prehistoric activity within the study area with only one entry in the HER relating to this period, namely the possible remains of a Neolithic chambered tomb with two upright stones named the Cuckoo Stones, c. 1.6km to the north-west of the site (3523). The later prehistoric period is better represented in the HER with a number of Bronze Age funerary monuments including a round barrow at Holyes (scheduled and discussed in section 3.0), the site of a standing stone at Longstone Park (4419), preserved by placename evidence only, 1.5km southeast of the turbine location and a possible round earthwork identified through aerial photography (30120) but not visible on the ground, located close to Hoyles. In addition there are four Iron Age defensive enclosures, located principally to the east of the proposed turbine location. These include the enclosure at New Inn discussed above along with two hill forts at Carn Rock, c.1.4km to the

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east and an enclosure c.1.3km to the northeast in fields known as Upper and Lower Castle.

4.9 There are no entries relating specifically to the Roman or early medieval period and only one entry relating to the medieval period, namely Redberth Parish Church. However, the medieval manorial system is well documented and it is clear that during this time the area became increasingly populated and utilised for agriculture with much of the core pattern of fields being laid out. Clearly the parish churches at Redberth and St Florence attest to growing settlements in those vicinities and there is also some evidence of a now destroyed settlement at Hoyles (30158) which although undated, is likely to originate during the medieval period.

4.10 The remaining entries relate to post-medieval features such as farmsteads, remnants of buildings and modern features associated with RAF Carew Cheriton, principally commemorating crashed planes.

4.11 This is a largely post-medieval landscape in which, 18th and 19th century features dominate. Evidence of earlier human occupation, whilst present within the 2km study area, is not prevalent and so the potential for finding remains from periods other than the post-medieval or modern period is generally low with a slightly elevated potential for the Iron Age relating to the proximity of a defensive enclosure to the proposals to the northwest of New Inn Farm. Given the difficulty in identifying the defensive enclosure, the effect on this monuments setting can only be slight as there is little appreciation of this non-designated heritage asset from any distance.

Heritage Assessment Land north of Summerton On behalf of Constantine January 2015 © 20 Farm, Tenby, Pembrokeshire Wind Energy

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

Indirect effects on heritage

5.1 There are five listed buildings within the 2km study area along with a Bronze Age round barrow. A further two higher graded listed buildings, both of which have dual designation as a scheduled monuments, have been included in the wider, 3km study area.

5.2 The 3km study area also includes a scheduled Iron Age? defensive enclosure and the majority of the St Florence Conservation Area.

5.3 In the case of the listed buildings considered, the effects of the turbine will either be (i) non-existent because it would not be visible or (ii) so slight that there will be no impact on their special interest.

Archaeology

5.4 The site is situated in an area of high potential for archaeological remains of the post-medieval period, associated with the agricultural use of the land since at least the early – mid 19th century. Due to the proximity of the Iron Age hill fort to the northwest of the proposed turbine, there is a slightly elevated potential for associated peripheral activities of a similar date, probably taking the form of land boundaries or unstratified finds. There is a low potential for remains of all other periods. The access track from the main road follows the line of an existing metaled track which leads to the farm and adjacent yard area to the east. Although this will require some improvement, it is likely that its construction will have disturbed or removed any underlying archaeology and therefore no new impacts are anticipated on below ground remains for this area of works.

5.5 On the basis of the available evidence, it is the conclusion of this assessment that any unknown archaeological features in the area of the new track and turbine location are most likely to be post-medieval in date with a low- moderate potential for evidence of Iron Age activities, all relating to the agricultural use of the land. Consequently, it is advised that further archaeological investigation comprise a watching brief on topsoil stripping for the new elements of access track and turbine base.

Heritage Assessment Land north of Summerton On behalf of Constantine January 2015 © 21 Farm, Tenby, Pembrokeshire Wind Energy

HeritageCollective

APPENDIX 1: Site location maps

Heritage Statement Land north of New Inn Farm, On behalf of Constantine Wind January 2015 © Tenby, Pembrokeshire Energy HeritageCollective

Licence number LIG1153

Appendix 1.1: Site location

Heritage Statement Land north of \new Inn Farm, Tenby, On behalf of Constantine Wind Energy January 2015 © Pembrokeshire HeritageCollective

Licence number LIG1153

Appendix 1.2: Detailed site location

Heritage Statement Land north of \new Inn Farm, Tenby, On behalf of Constantine Wind Energy January 2015 © Pembrokeshire Site Name: 121-01 New Inn Farm

Turbine Location: T1 208261E / 203155N

The highest point of the turbine blade rotation is 50.0m.

LEGEND Existing access track

New 4m wide access track

Turbine Foundation (11.5m x 11.5m)

Control Kiosk (3.2m x 2.4m)

Crane Pad (15m x 15m)

Development Area (40m radius)

Mapping reproduced from Ordnance Survey maps with the permission of H.M.Stationery Office. Crown Copyright.

Map Licence No. 100019980

Project NEW INN FARM Drawing Title Purpose of issue PLANNING_LEGAL CONSTANTINE WIND ENERGY TENBY SITE / LEASE PLAN FIRST FLOOR, RIVER COURT Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date THE OLD MILL OFFICE PARK SA70 8NR MILL LANE CB CB CB CB 1APR14 GODALMING Suitability SURREY 37m NORTHWIND GU7 1EZ Initial Issue CB/CB 1APR14 A Drawing Number Rev 100kW WIND TURBINE Scale @ A3 By Revision Details Date Suffix Check (NPS - 100-26-37) 1:5000 HeritageCollective

APPENDIX 2: Designated Heritage Assets within 3km of the proposed turbine

Heritage Statement Land north of New Inn Farm, On behalf of Constantine Wind January 2015 © Tenby, Pembrokeshire Energy Legend Scheduled monuments Grade I listed buildings Grade II* listed buildings Grade II listed buildings Conservation areas Historic landscapes areas Turbine_initial 3km study area 2km study area

PE261

Notes:

Data scources: Milford Haven Waterway CADW dataset issued March 2012 (HLA) CADW dataset issued October 2014 (All other)

There are no registered parks or gardens within the study area

LB01 There are no world heritage sites within the study area

PE453 There are no registered battlefields within the study area within the study area

LB04

Site Name: New Inn Farm, LB02 Ten by, Pembrokeshire

Scale: 1:22,000 @ A3 LB03 On Behalf of:

CONSTANTINE WIND ENERGY LB05 PE373 LB07 HeritageCollective

PE423 [email protected] St Florence www.heritagecollective.co.uk

Appendix 2.1: LB06 Designated heritage assets within 3km of the proposed turbine

NEW INN FARM, TENBY, PEMBROKESHIRE

Appendix 2.2: Catalogue of Designated Heritage Assets

Listed Buildings

Map Number Name Location Eastings Northings Grade Distance ID (M) LB01 18213 Redberth At E side of the village of Redberth, in a small churchyard surrounded 208237 204177 II 1022.282 Parish by rubblestone walls with ashlar gatepiers. A fragment of a cross with Church chamfered limbs stands near to the Church door. LB02 6013 Ivy Tower 100 m S of the B4318 and E of the turning to St. Florence village. 208981 202300 II 1117.777 Mansion LB03 6012 East To the N of an unclassified road, about 1 km NW of St. Florence village. 207837 201878 II 1345.55 Jordanston Farmhouse LB04 18212 Pincheston Opposite Pincheston Quarry, on the E side of a minor lane S of the A477 206489 203223 II 1773.304 Quarry and 500 m E of Sageston village. Limekiln LB05 6008 Church of Centrally placed in a compact village. 208231 201159 II* 1996.225 St Florence LB06 16920 West Tarr At the rear of West Tarr farmhouse, 0.5 km SE of St Florence village. 208896 200800 I 2439.108 Mediaeval House LB07 6005 Carswell 50 m N of Carswell Farm House, in the farmyard. It is the western of the 209802 201058 II* 2602.324 Mediaeval two ruined buildings. House

HeritageCollective

Scheduled Monuments

SM No SM Name Site Type General Period PE261 Park Camp Enclosure Prehistoric PE453 Round Barrow 110m S W of the Hoyles Round barrow Prehistoric PE423 West Tarr Vaulted Hall House House (domestic) Medieval PE373 Carswell Old House House (domestic) Medieval

Registered Parks and Gardens

None

Conservation Areas

St Florence

World Heritage Sites

None

Registered Battlefields

None

HeritageCollective

APPENDIX 3: Entries on the Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record within 2km (map and list)

Heritage Statement Land north of New Inn Farm, On behalf of Constantine Wind January 2015 © Tenby, Pembrokeshire Energy Legend Prehistoric features 49364 49363 Medieval features 106195 106079 106078 27085 Post-medieval features 103366 Modern features 103365 Undated features 106196 106194 Turbine_initial 106192 106197 13868 New access track 17980 2km study area 106199 106193 17386 Notes: 4424 59540 17981 Data scources: 106198 33725 DAT Historic Environment Record 30160 (06/11/2014) 27070 27084 105198 33729 33728 14827 30159 3531 33727 3523 30119 30120 28546 7614 30158 13933

17986 30121 3529 3528 3530

30122 59539 6299 4429 103731 17985 17988

103726

17987 4428 3505

Site Name: New Inn Farm, 26170 26171 6652 Ten by, 4419 Pembrokeshire 17989 Scale: 1:15,000 @ A3 28064 103363 On Behalf of: 17990 105920 CONSTANTINE WIND ENERGY 6460

14011 HeritageCollective

[email protected] www.heritagecollective.co.uk

Appendix 3.1: 33738 3539 Entries on the Dyfed Archaeological 33735 33734 20974 Trust Historic Environment Record within 2km 17991 Kilometers Date: Revision: 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright [2008] All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001351 26/01/2015 v. 2 HeritageCollective

NEW INN FARM, TENBY, PEMBROKESHIRE

Appendix 3.2: Entries on the Dyfed Archaeological Trust HER within 2km

Archaeology

Preferred Ref. Name Summary Condition Period No. Prehistoric 3505 CARN ROCK None recorded Destroyed Iron Age; post- medieval 3523 CUCKOO STONES Possible remains of a chambered tomb, with two small uprights (0.45m high) set Near Destroyed Neolithic at right angles, one of which supports a capstone which has slipped. Other large earthfast boulders also present, with some cairn material and a slight mound also visible. NC 2 3529 NEW INN FARM None recorded Near Intact Iron Age 3530 CARN ROCK None recorded Not Known Iron Age 3531 UPPER CASTLE;LOWER A small, low, oval, earthwork enclosure occupies a gentle northeast-facing slope Damaged Iron Age CASTLE at c.50m above sea level. The field in which the enclosure is located and its neighbour are known as Upper Castle and Lower Castle. In 2006, most of the enclosure field was 4419 LONGSTONE PARK A "Longstone" field name taken from the parish tithe map, which may show that Not known Bronze Age a standing stone formerly stood in the vicinity. RPS Trysor, August 2004 4429 CARN A "Carn" field name taken from the parish tithe map, which may show that a cairn Not known Bronze Age MOUNTAIN;CARN or round barrow formerly existed in the vicinity. RPS Trysor, August 2004 ROCK FARM 14827 HOYLES A well-preserved and scheduled earthen round barrow, 32m in diameter and 2m Near Intact Bronze Age

HeritageCollective

high, and apparently untouched. NC 2004. 30120 BURROW A possible low circular earthwork recorded on aerial photographs. There is no Not Known Bronze Age evidence for this earthwork on the ground. The field in which it lies is under pasture, which was at the time of the field inspection grazed by sheep. Medieval 4424 REDBERTH PARISH Medieval parish church, entirely rebuilt in the early 19th century as post-medieval Not known Medieval CHURCH;ST MARY'S? PRN 17386. It was formerly a donative free chapel of Carew parish, and was established by the patron of the parish (Owen 1897, 281), in the early 12th century. Post-medieval 3528 CAREW WINDMILL; "Old windmill" is recorded on the 1809 Ordnance Survey original surveyors Damaged Post Medieval OLD WINDMILL drawings and on the 1865 1st edition and 1907 2nd edition Ordnance Survey maps, although a local tradition suggests it to have been a beacon or watch tower. Now ruinous (M.Ings) 3539 ST FLORENCE PARISH Medieval parish church. Large, cruciform church comprising chancel, with choir- Intact Post Medieval, CHURCH;ST recess/organ chamber, nave, north chapel, south chapel north transept, south Medieval FLORENCE'S transept with tower, and south porch. It was listed in the Taxatio of 1291. 4428 CHURCH MEADOW None recorded Not known Post Medieval, Medieval 6299 REDBERTH None recorded Not known Post Medieval, Medieval 6460 EAST JORDESTON Apparently an occupied house in 1976. RPS July 2001 Intact Post Medieval 6652 IVY TOWER Country house. RPS July 2001 Intact Post Medieval 13868 REDBERTH UPPER AND None recorded Not known Post Medieval, LOWER COMMONS Medieval 13933 SAGESTON None recorded Not known Post Medieval, MOUNTAIN;PART OF Medieval 14011 IVY TOWER None recorded Not known Post Medieval, Medieval 17386 ST MARY'S None recorded Intact Post Medieval

HeritageCollective

17980 None recorded None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17981 THE LODGE None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17985 None recorded None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17986 PINCHESTON QUARRY None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17987 COACHLANDS LIME None recorded Not Known Post Medieval KILNS 17988 COACHLANDS QUARRY None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17989 NEW INN QUARRY None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17990 None recorded None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 17991 None recorded None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 20974 ELM GROVE None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 27070 REDBERTH None recorded Intact Post Medieval 27084 EAST WILLIAMSTON None recorded Intact Post Medieval 27085 BROADMOOR None recorded Intact Post Medieval 28064 MINERTON None recorded Intact Post Medieval 28546 SAGESTON MOUNTAIN 1940-45, Air Defence, Searchlight Battery, now demolished. Two hut bases, one Destroyed Modern small hardstanding, one large and one small earthen emplacement. RJC.Thomas, 25.01.93. 30119 REDBERTH COMMON Pronounced earthwork within a holloway on common land near Redberth. A Intact Post Medieval, rectangular building was clearly sited here. The size of the earthwork would Medieval suggest a substantial masonry structure of earth-built structure. No building is marked on OS maps 30121 COACHLANDS Farmstead recorded in 1995. RPS August 2001 Intact Post Medieval 30122 LOWER COACHLANDS Farmstead recorded in 1995. RPS August 2001 Intact Post Medieval 30159 OLD TOLLHOUSE Name suggests this to eb an old tollhouse. RPS August 2001 Not Known Post Medieval 30160 THE CROFT Building recorded in 1995. RPS August 2001 Not Known Post Medieval 33725 None recorded None recorded Restored Post Medieval 33727 None recorded None recorded Not known Post Medieval

HeritageCollective

33728 THE GATE None recorded Restored Post Medieval 33729 None recorded None recorded Not known Post Medieval 33734 THE SUN None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 33735 THE BALL None recorded Not Known Post Medieval 33738 ST FLORENCE CHURCH A restored three-stepped 3.53m square by 1.0m high masonry base surmounted Intact Post Medieval, by a 1.14m high simple Latin stone cross is situated some 10m to the north of the Medieval NW corner of St. Florence church. The cross comprises a 0.8m high chamfered shaft, which tapers u 49363 HONEYS CROFT Cottage identified from historic mapping Not Known Post Medieval 49364 FOLD PARK Cottage identified from historic mapping Not Known Post Medieval 59539 PINCHESTON QUARRY Grade II listed quarry limekiln Not known Post Medieval LIMEKILN 59540 REDBERTH PARISH Grade II listed church Not known Post Medieval CHURCH 103365 Shaft labelled as 'old' on the 1865 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and Not known Post Medieval presumed disused by this time. Still shown on the 1907 2nd ed. O.S. and mastermap (M.Ings, 2012) 103366 LITTLE HARROLDS Possible farmstead. Two buildings shown on the 1865 1st edition Ordnance Not known Post Medieval Survey map, with an additional four buildings recorded on the 1907 2nd ed. O.S. Gone from mastermap, and a new building depicted on the site. Recent aerial photograph shows the area 106078 CUCKOO'S WOOD A c.200m E-W line labelled 'OLD SHAFTS' are marked on the 1921 Geological Not known Post-Medieval Survey map. 106079 MOORPARK A c.500m E-W line labelled 'OLD SHAFTS' are marked on the 1921 Geological Not known Post-Medieval Survey map. 106192 WILLIAMSTON FORD Lines c.300m E-W of old coal mine workings along a vein labelled 'OLD CROP Not known Post-Medieval WORKINGS' and 'SHAFTS' on the 1921 Geological Survey map. 106193 WILLIAMSTON FORD An old mine shaft is marked on the 1921 Geological Survey map and labelled Not known Post-Medieval '*8FT TO COAL'. 106194 WILLIAMSTON FORD An area labelled 'OLD SHAFTS' on the 1921 Geological Survey map. Not known Post-Medieval

HeritageCollective

106195 NORCHARD Labelled 'OLD SHAFT' on the 1921 Geological Survey map. Not known Post-Medieval 106196 NORCHARD An area labelled 'OLD SHAFTS' on the 1921 Geological Survey map. Not known Post-Medieval 106197 NORCHARD An old mine shaft is marked on the 1921 Geological Survey map. Not known Post-Medieval 106198 None recorded A line c.550m E-W of old coal mine workings along a vein labelled 'OLD CROP Not known Post-Medieval WORKINGS' on the 1921 Geological Survey map. 106199 None recorded An area of woodland labelled as 'OLD SHAFTS' on the 1921 Geological Survey Not known Post-Medieval map. Modern 26170 RAF CAREW CHERITON Identified as a High Frequency/Direction Finding Station/'Fixer' Station from the Destroyed Modern aerial photograph, but not shown on the Air Ministry plan. Demolished, site located within a field, no upstanding remains. A Pyper 2014 26171 RAF CAREW CHERITON Duplicate record - see 26170.1938-45, High Frequency/Direction Finding Destroyed Modern Station/'Fixer' Station. Small octagonal wooden hut with sloping sides and a conical roof with the aerial mast protruding through. Surrounded by circular fence. RJC.Thomas, 103726 WHITLEY V LA882 Assigned to 10 Operational Training Unit, LA882 was one of the final Whitleys Not known Modern produced. The crew had taken off at 10:42 am, 17 November 1943 from the satellite station of Stanton Harcourt for a cross-country navigational exercise. The aircraft was caught 103731 BEAUFIGHTER TT10 Assigned to squadron 5, the beaufighter was on a sortie on 7 August 1951 when Not known Modern RD806 80 minutes into the exercise the pilot contacted the base at Manorbier to inform them that he was returning. The aircraft then changed direction after a few minutes and began t 105198 BRISTOL BEAUFIGHTER The following is taken from the pilot's account of the flight: Tasked with flying Not known Modern JM343 from RAF Predannack in south Cornwall, to RAF Talbenny when the engine seized and the pilot attempted to land at Carew Cheriton. The pilot describes circling round to land 105920 RAF CAREW CHERITON A radio station for RAF Carew Cheriton consists of a temporary brick and asbestos Not known Modern roofed wireless telegraphy block and two bases for timber masts. Site not visited but aerial photographs from 2009 suggest the building is ruinous and the concrete mast bases….

HeritageCollective

Undated 7614 JORDANSTON Enclosure of unknown significance. RPS August 2001 Not known Unknown MOUNTAIN 30158 HOYLES None recorded Destroyed Unknown 103363 None recorded Cave recorded on the 1865 1st edition and 1907 2nd edition Ordnance Survey Not known Unknown maps. The site is marked on mastermap (M.Ings, 2012)