The Journal of the Asian Arts Society of Australia Ancient Iran

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Journal of the Asian Arts Society of Australia Ancient Iran VOLUME 19 NO. 3 SEPTEMBER 2010 the journal of the asian arts society of australia TAASA Review ancient iran C o n t E n t s Volume 19 No. 3 September 2010 3 Editorial taasa rEVIEW Tobin Hartnell and Josefa Green THE ASIAN ARTS SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA INC. ABN 64093697537 • Vol. 19 No. 3, September 2010 ISSN 1037.6674 4 ChEshmEh ali WarE: a PaintEd CEramiC tradition in thE iranian CEntral PlatEau Registered by Australia Post. Publication No. NBQ 4134 Edna Wong EditorIAL • email: [email protected] 7 ElamitE art General editor, Josefa Green Javier Álvarez-Món PubliCations Committee 10 the KazaKly-yatKan Wall Paintings: New PErspectivEs on the Art of the AnCiEnt Iranian World Josefa Green (convenor) • Tina Burge Melanie Eastburn • Sandra Forbes • Ann MacArthur Fiona Kidd Jim Masselos • Ann Proctor • Susan Scollay Sabrina Snow • Christina Sumner 12 PErsepolis in the WEstErn imagination dEsign/layout Tobin Hartnell Ingo Voss, VossDesign Printing 15 love Thy Neighbour: The Intimate Art of DiPlomaCy in PErsepolis Processional SculPturEs John Fisher Printing Stephanie Reed Published by The Asian Arts Society of Australia inc. 18 sasanian roCK rEliEf PanEls PO Box 996 Potts Point NSw 2011 www.taasa.org.au Ali Asadi Enquiries: [email protected] 21 in the PubliC domain: A Persian ShAhnama FoliO from ThE NGV TAASA Review is published quarterly and is distributed to members Susan Scollay of The Asian Arts Society of Australia inc. TAASA Review welcomes submissions of articles, notes and reviews on Asian visual and performing arts. All articles are refereed. Additional copies and 22 silKs of sasanian PErsia subscription to TAASA Review are available on request. Heleanor Feltham No opinion or point of view is to be construed as the opinion of 24 booK rEview: Paradise Lost. PersiA from Above The Asian Arts Society of Australia inc., its staff, servants or agents. No claim for loss or damage will be acknowledged by TAASA John Tidmarsh Review as a result of material published within its pages or in other material published by it. we reserve the right to alter 25 Exhibition PrEview: Beauty ANd Betrayal: ANcient JEwellery at ThE Nicholson or omit any article or advertisements submitted and require Elizabeth Bollen and Tobin Hartnell indemnity from the advertisers and contributors against damages or liabilities that may arise from material published. 26 travEllEr’s talE: Carpet Museum of Iran All reasonable efforts have been made to trace copyright holders. Helen Holmes and Ros Hunyor taasa mEMBERSHIP ratEs $60 Single 27 nEW lEadErship for taasa $90 Dual $90 Single overseas (includes postage) 29 Recent taasa aCtivitiEs $30 Concession (students/pensioners with ID) $95 Libraries (overseas, $95 + $20 postage) 29 taasa mEmbErs’ diary $195 Corporate/institutional (up to 10 employees) $425 Corporate/institutional (more than 10 employees) 30 What’s on: September - NOVEMBER 2010 $650 Life membership (free admission all events) Compiled by Tina Burge advErtising ratEs TAASA Review welcomes advertisements from appropriate companies, institutions and individuals. Rates below are GST inclusive. Back page $850 Full inner page $725 Half page horizontal $484 Third page (vertical or horizontal) $364 Half column $265 Insert $300 For further information re advertising, including discounts for regular quarterly advertising, please contact mEdian NoblEs aPProaCh thE King, PERSEPOLiS, 5Th cENTURy BcE. [email protected] Photo: KOUROSh MOhAMMAd KhANi. the dEadline for all artiClEs for our nexT issue iS 1 OcTOBER 2010 A full indEx of artiClEs PublishEd in TAASA Review since its bEginnings the dEadline for all advErtising in 1991 is available on thE taasa WEb sitE, WWW.taasa.org.au for our nexT issue iS 1 NOVEMBER 2010 2 t a a s a C o m m i t t ee E d i t o r i a l : AN c i E N T i R A N gill green • President Tobin Hartnell, Guest Editor Art historian specialising in Cambodian culture CHRISTINA SUMNER • VicE President Principal Curator, Design and Society, This focus issue of the TAASA Review on curator at the Nicholson Museum, reviews Powerhouse Museum, Sydney Ancient Iran demonstrates that Australia is its new jewellery exhibition which, while currently one of the leading contributors focused on the classical culture of Greece ann guild • TREASURER Former Director of the Embroiders Guild (UK) to the study of ancient Iranian Art and and Rome, also displays some important Archaeology. examples of Persian and Persian-inspired KATE JOHNSTON • SEcRETARy jewellery for the first time in Sydney. Intellectual property lawyer with an interest in Asian textiles Edna Wong recently graduated from Sydney University in Archaeology. Her piece on John Tidmarsh reviews a nostalgic book about Hwei-fE’n ChEah Cheshmeh Ali ceramics investigates some Iranian culture and landscapes. Using aerial Lecturer, Art History, Australian National University, with an interest in needlework of Iran’s earliest art. Recent research reveals photography, Paradise Lost: Persia from Above the sophisticated techniques and emerging captures a moment in time in Iran’s history JoCELYN ChEy themes of these Iranian ceramics from some that is rapidly disappearing as modern Iran Visiting Professor, Department of Chinese Studies, University of Sydney; former diplomat 7000 years ago, which influenced western industrialises. Iranian art for millennia. matt Cox The journal finishes with a Traveller’s Tale Study Room Co-ordinator, Art Gallery of New South Javier Álvarez-Món originally graduated item about the Carpet Museum of Tehran. Ros Wales, with a particular interest in Islamic Art of Southeast Asia from Berkeley and now works as a lecturer Hunyor and Helen Holmes first examined the on ancient Iranian art at Sydney University. extraordinary carpets displayed in the museum Philip CourtEnay His piece covers the evolution of Elamite Art, and then travelled around Iran to experience Former Professor and Rector of the Cairns Campus, one of Iran’s oldest civilizations. the diverse cultures that produced them. James Cook University, with a special interest in Southeast Asian ceramics After considering the earliest art traditions in The range of topics covered by the articles LUCiE folan Iran, following articles review the role of Persia in this issue starts to capture the vitality and Assistant Curator, Asian Art, National Gallery of Australia (modern Fars, southern Iran) in the Iranian experimentation of artists in ancient Iran. The sandra forbEs world. Two pieces deal with Persepolis, a site cultural influence of these ancient works are Editorial consultant with long-standing interest that still embodies romantic ideas of Persia even still with us, as Iranians and foreigners alike in South and Southeast Asian art 2300 years after its destruction. My own piece, look to Iran’s artistic heritage to experience JosEfa green Persepolis in the Western Imagination, considers the enduring ideas of its layered past. General editor of TAASA Review. Collector of Chinese how the meaning of Persepolis changed as the ceramics, with long-standing interest in East Asian West became more engaged in Iranian affairs. This special issue required the generosity art as student and traveller Stephanie Reed explores how the Persepolis of many professionals. Thank you to the gERALDINE hardman reliefs stand apart from other decorative generosity of the contributors, photographer Collector of Chinese furniture and Burmese lacquerware programs of Ancient Near Eastern states by Koroush Mohammad Khani, the Oriental min-Jung Kim focusing on communal aspects, rather than war. Institute (Chicago), University of Pennsylvania, Curator of Asian Arts & Design at the Powerhouse Museum University of Akron, University of Tasmania ANN PROCTOR Fiona Kidd works with Sydney University’s and Sydney for your help. Art historian with a particular interest in Vietnam Chorasmia project (the lower Oxus region). Her piece covers the newly excavated wall SABRINA SNOW This is a special issue in that it announces paintings of Kazakly-yatkan in the eastern Has a long association with the Art Gallery of New South the resignation of our current President, Chorasmian oasis. Through this work, Central Wales and a particular interest in the arts of China Judith Rutherford. On page 27, we Asian artists emerge as a new force in the hon. auditor provide a brief outline of Judith’s wider Iranian art world. Rosenfeld Kant and Co achievements and I’m sure I speak for all members in thanking Judith for her s t a t E r ep r E s E n t a t i v E s Ali Asadi, an Iranian archaeologist working at outstanding contribution to TAASA over Persepolis, covers the last stage of pre-Islamic AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY the years and hoping that we will still Art - the Sasanian period (224-654 CE). His article find her at all our future functions. robyn maxwell records how the Sasanian kings chose a very Visiting Fellow in Art History, ANU; traditional art form, rock reliefs, as an important Senior Curator of Asian Art, National Gallery of Australia At the same time, this issue is happy to part of the artistic repertoire of the time. NORTHERN TERRITORY announce the unanimous election of Gill Green as our new President and Christina Joanna barrKman The Sasanian world existed at the centre Sumner as our new Vice President. Gill Curator of Southeast Asian Art and Material Culture, of the Silk Road, a link between China and will become just the 4th President since Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory Europe. Heleanor Feltham considers the role TAASA’s foundation in October 1991. QUEENSLAND of the Sasanian court, not just in silk textile While Judith took over the reigns in 2001 russEll storEr production but in defining Western and (from Jackie Menzies) when TAASA was Curatorial Manager, Asian and Pacific Art, Chinese textile styles for centuries to come. Queensland Art Gallery 10 years old, our new leadership comes just one year before our 20th anniversary.
Recommended publications
  • The Sasanian Tradition in ʽabbāsid Art: Squinch Fragmentation As The
    The Sasanian Tradition in ʽAbbāsid Art: squinch fragmentation as The structural origin of the muqarnas La tradición sasánida en el arte ʿabbāssí: la fragmentación de la trompa de esquina como origen estructural de la decoración de muqarnas A tradição sassânida na arte abássida: a fragmentação do arco de canto como origem estrutural da decoração das Muqarnas Alicia CARRILLO1 Abstract: Islamic architecture presents a three-dimensional decoration system known as muqarnas. An original system created in the Near East between the second/eighth and the fourth/tenth centuries due to the fragmentation of the squinche, but it was in the fourth/eleventh century when it turned into a basic element, not only all along the Islamic territory but also in the Islamic vocabulary. However, the origin and shape of muqarnas has not been thoroughly considered by Historiography. This research tries to prove the importance of Sasanian Art in the aesthetics creation of muqarnas. Keywords: Islamic architecture – Tripartite squinches – Muqarnas –Sasanian – Middle Ages – ʽAbbāsid Caliphate. Resumen: La arquitectura islámica presenta un mecanismo de decoración tridimensional conocido como decoración de muqarnas. Un sistema novedoso creado en el Próximo Oriente entre los siglos II/VIII y IV/X a partir de la fragmentación de la trompa de esquina, y que en el siglo XI se extendió por toda la geografía del Islam para formar parte del vocabulario del arte islámico. A pesar de su importancia y amplio desarrollo, la historiografía no se ha detenido especialmente en el origen formal de la decoración de muqarnas y por ello, este estudio pone de manifiesto la influencia del arte sasánida en su concepción estética durante el Califato ʿabbāssí.
    [Show full text]
  • Arta 2005.001
    ARTA 2005.001 St John Simpson - The British Museum Making their mark: Foreign travellers at Persepolis The ruins at Persepolis continue to fascinate scholars not least through the perspective of the early European travellers’ accounts. Despite being the subject of considerable study, much still remains to be discovered about this early phase of the history of archaeology in Iran. The early published literature has not yet been exhausted; manuscripts, letters, drawings and sculptures continue to emerge from European collections, and a steady trickle of further discoveries can be predicted. One particularly rich avenue lies in further research into the personal histories of individuals who are known to have been resident in or travelling through Iran, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. These sources have value not only in what may pertain to the sites or antiquities, but they also add useful insights into the political and socio-economic situation within Iran during this period (Wright 1998; 1999; Simpson in press; forthcoming). The following paper offers some research possibilities by focusing on the evidence of the Achemenet janvier 2005 1 ARTA 2005.001 Fig. 1: Gate of All Nations graffiti left by some of these travellers to the site. Some bio- graphical details have been added where considered appro- priate but many of these individuals deserve a level of detailed research lying beyond the scope of this preliminary survey. Achemenet janvier 2005 2 ARTA 2005.001 The graffiti have attracted the attention of many visitors to the site, partly because of their visibility on the first major building to greet visitors to the site (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Achaemenid Empire/ (Persia) BY: HOZAN LATIF RAUF General Architectural Features
    Achaemenid Empire/ (Persia) BY: HOZAN LATIF RAUF General Architectural features ▪ The architecture of Persians was more columnar and that led to vastly different massive architectural features from that of the Mesopotamian era. ▪ The use of flat timber roofs rather than vaults led to more slender columns and were rather more beautiful. This also led to rooms being squarer in shape than simple long rectangle. ▪ The roofing system was also very different, wherein the wooden brackets were covered in clay and provided more stability. The use of a double mud wall might have provided room for windows just below ceiling in structures like Palace of Persepolis. VOCABULARY WORDS ▪ The COLUMN is divided into three parts: ▪ The BASE ▪ The SHAFT- FLUTED ▪ The CAPITAL- Double Animal most with bulls Ancient Susa/Shush The city of SUSA was the Persian capital in succession to Babylon, where there is a building with a citadel complex. There was a good skill set of artisans and laborers available which made the palace complex more of a piece of art than just a building structure. Cedar wood was got from Lebanon and teak from the mountain of Zagros. The baked bricks were still made in the Babylonian method. Ancient Susa/Shush Ancient Persepolis PERSEPOLIS ▪ 518 BCE ▪ King Darius utilized influences and materials from all over his empire, which included Babylon, Egypt, Mesopotamian and Greece Architectural Plan of Ancient Persepolis The Great/Apadana Staircase ▪ King Xerxes (486-465 BC) built the Grand Staircase and the Gate of All Nations. ▪ The Grand Staircase is located on the northeast side of the city and these stairs were carved from massive blocks of stone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elamite Cylinder Seal Corpus, C.3500 – 1000 BC
    The Elamite Cylinder Seal Corpus, c.3500 – 1000 BC Volume I, Part III K. J. Roach Doctor of Philosophy, (Near Eastern) Archaeology 2008 The University of Sydney Chapter 5 – Summary of Style Distribution across the Elamite Sites The purpose of this chapter is to detail and outline the specific glyptic style distribution at each site included in the Corpus. This survey has two main objectives. The first is the summation and discussion of the Elamite styles from each site, and thereby the revision and reassessment of the ‘glyptic material’ survey presented for each site in the initial site survey section (Chapter 2), by detailing the site glyptic material in the terms of the new Elamite stylistic paradigm here presented. The second intention is to provide some of the background information and data, be it contextual, stylistic and chronological, regarding the function of various glyptic items at each site and across Elam, thereby enabling the following discussion on glyptic function (Chapter 6). The style distribution (how many styles and in what proportions) of each site will be presented, and thereby the basic chronological distribution of the glyptic material, with any necessary discussion where this information strongly contradicts the established chronological periodisation of a site, will be outlined. The glyptic material types (seals/sealings) and the specific materials will be presented, as will any information regarding seal function from provenance (that is, grave or temple context etc.) or type (sealing type especially). For the most part, this information may be presented and detailed in graphs, figures and tables. 5.1 Susa As already mentioned and explained, Susa has contributed by far the most items to the Corpus.
    [Show full text]
  • Persian Royal Ancestry
    GRANHOLM GENEALOGY PERSIAN ROYAL ANCESTRY Achaemenid Dynasty from Greek mythical Perses, (705-550 BC) یشنماخه یهاشنهاش (Achaemenid Empire, (550-329 BC نايناساس (Sassanid Empire (224-c. 670 INTRODUCTION Persia, of which a large part was called Iran since 1935, has a well recorded history of our early royal ancestry. Two eras covered are here in two parts; the Achaemenid and Sassanian Empires, the first and last of the Pre-Islamic Persian dynasties. This ancestry begins with a connection of the Persian kings to the Greek mythology according to Plato. I have included these kind of connections between myth and history, the reader may decide if and where such a connection really takes place. Plato 428/427 BC – 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. King or Shah Cyrus the Great established the first dynasty of Persia about 550 BC. A special list, “Byzantine Emperors” is inserted (at page 27) after the first part showing the lineage from early Egyptian rulers to Cyrus the Great and to the last king of that dynasty, Artaxerxes II, whose daughter Rodogune became a Queen of Armenia. Their descendants tie into our lineage listed in my books about our lineage from our Byzantine, Russia and Poland. The second begins with King Ardashir I, the 59th great grandfather, reigned during 226-241 and ens with the last one, King Yazdagird III, the 43rd great grandfather, reigned during 632 – 651. He married Maria, a Byzantine Princess, which ties into our Byzantine Ancestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Historical Imagination in Late Antique Iraq
    OXFORD EARLY CHRISTIAN STUDIES General Editors Gillian Clark Andrew Louth THE OXFORD EARLY CHRISTIAN STUDIES series includes scholarly volumes on the thought and history of the early Christian centuries. Covering a wide range of Greek, Latin, and Oriental sources, the books are of interest to theologians, ancient historians, and specialists in the classical and Jewish worlds. Titles in the series include: Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Transformation of Divine Simplicity Andrew Radde-Gallwitz (2009) The Asceticism of Isaac of Nineveh Patrik Hagman (2010) Palladius of Helenopolis The Origenist Advocate Demetrios S. Katos (2011) Origen and Scripture The Contours of the Exegetical Life Peter Martens (2012) Activity and Participation in Late Antique and Early Christian Thought Torstein Theodor Tollefsen (2012) Irenaeus of Lyons and the Theology of the Holy Spirit Anthony Briggman (2012) Apophasis and Pseudonymity in Dionysius the Areopagite “No Longer I” Charles M. Stang (2012) Memory in Augustine’s Theological Anthropology Paige E. Hochschild (2012) Orosius and the Rhetoric of History Peter Van Nuffelen (2012) Drama of the Divine Economy Creator and Creation in Early Christian Theology and Piety Paul M. Blowers (2012) Embodiment and Virtue in Gregory of Nyssa Hans Boersma (2013) The Chronicle of Seert Christian Historical Imagination in Late Antique Iraq PHILIP WOOD 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries # Philip Wood 2013 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2013 Impression: 1 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
    REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Behistun Inscription and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti
    Phasis 15-16, 2012-2013 Δημήτριος Μαντζίλας (Θράκη) The Behistun Inscription and the Res Gestae Divi Augusti Intertextuality between Greek and Latin texts is well known and – in recent decades – has been well studied. It seems though that common elements also appear in earlier texts, from other, mostly oriental countries, such as Egypt, Persia or Israel. In this article we intend to demonstrate the case of a Persian and a Latin text, in order to support the hypothesis of a common Indo-European literature (in addition to an Indo-European mythology and language). The Behistun Inscription,1 whose name comes from the anglicized version of Bistun or Bisutun (Bagastana in Old Persian), meaning “the place or land of gods”, is a multi-lingual inscription (being thus an equivalent of the Rosetta stone) written in three different cuneiform script extinct languages: Old Persian, Elamite (Susian), and Babylonian (Accadian).2 A fourth version is an Aramaic translation found on the 1 For the text see Adkins L., Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon, New York 2003; Rawlinson H. C., Archaeologia, 1853, vol. xxxiv, 74; Campbell Thompson R., The Rock of Behistun, In Sir J. A. Hammerton (ed.), Wonders of the Past, New York 1937, II, 760–767; Cameron G. G., Darius Carved History on Ageless Rock, National Geographic Magazine, 98 (6), December 1950, 825– 844; Rubio G., Writing in Another Tongue: Alloglottography in the Ancient Near East, in: S. Sanders (ed.), Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures, Chicago 2007², 33–70 (= OIS, 2); Hinz W., Die Behistan-Inschrift des Darius, AMI, 7, 1974, 121-134 (translation).
    [Show full text]
  • Satisfaction Levels with Family Physician Services: a Pilot National Health Programme in the Islamic Republic of Iran Mohammad Fararouie,1 Mehdi Nejat,2 Humidreza R
    املجلة الصحية لرشق املتوسط املجلد الثالث و العرشون العدد الرابع Satisfaction levels with family physician services: a pilot national health programme in the Islamic Republic of Iran Mohammad Fararouie,1 Mehdi Nejat,2 Humidreza R. Tabatabaie,3 Parvin A. Kazerooni 1 and Mehdi Akbarpoor 4 مستويات الرضا عن اخلدمات التي يقدمها طبيب اﻷرسة: برنامج وطني رائد للصحة يف مجهورية إيران اﻹسﻻمية حممد فاروروي، مهدي نجات، محيد رضا طباطبائي، بروين أ. قديروين، مهدي أكرببور اخلﻻصــة: ّيقــدم أطبــاء اﻷرسة يف مجهوريــة إيــران اﻹســامية خدمــات صحيــة للمقيمــن باملناطــق الريفيــة منــذ عــام 2005، وجيــري توفــر هــذه اخلدمــات منــذ عــام 2011 للمقيمــن باملناطــق احلرضيــة يف حمافظتــي فــارس ومازانــدران. ولقــد أجريــت هــذه الدراســة يف عــام 2014 لقيــاس َّمعدل الرضــا لــدى املســتفيدين مــن اخلدمــات التــي يقدمهــا أطبــاء اﻷرسة للســكان يف املناطــق الريفيــة واحلرضيــة يف ثــاين أكــ ربمقاطعــات حمافظــة فارس مــن حيــث الكثافــة الســكانية )وهــي مقاطعــة مرودشــت والتــي يتعــدى تعدادهــا 000 330 نســمة(. واختــر 1650 منــزﻻيف ًاملناطــق احلرضيــة والريفيــة )825 منــزﻻًمــن املناطــق الريفيــة و825 منــزﻻًمــن املناطــق احلرضيــة(، منهــا 1561 منــزﻻً مأهــوﻻً )2908 ًفــردايف املناطق احلرضيــة و3062 ً فــردايف املناطــق الريفيــة(، ُوأنجــز اســتبيان عــن طريــق طــرق اﻷبــواب وإجــراء املقابــات. وبلــغ َّلمعــد الرضــا الــكيل 59.2 % عــى النحــو التــايل: 54.5 % للمناطــق احلرضيــة و63.2 % للمناطــق الريفيــة. وتــرى هــذه الدراســة أن ّمعــدل الرضــا يزيــد بــن املقيمــن باملناطــق الريفيــة وأن هنــاك حاجــة إىل خدمــات ذات جــودة أفضــل مــن جانــب أطبــاء اﻷرسة يف املجتمعــات الريفيــة واحلرضيــة عــى الســواء. ABSTRACT Family physicians in the Islamic Republic of Iran have been providing health and medical services to residents from rural areas since 2005, and from 2011 these services have been delivered to urban residents in Fars and Mazandaran provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legend of Shirin in Syriac Sources. a Warning Against Caesaropapism?
    ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA CRACOVIENSIA 2 (2010) Jan W. Żelazny Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków The legend of Shirin in Syriac sources. A warning against caesaropapism? Why was Syriac Christianity not an imperial Church? Why did it not enter into a relationship with the authorities? This can be explained by pointing to the political situation of that community. I think that one of the reasons was bad experiences from the time of Chosroes II. The Story of Chosroes II The life of Chosroes II Parviz is a story of rise and fall. Although Chosroes II became later a symbol of the power of Persia and its ancient independence, he encountered numerous difficulties from the very moment he ascended the throne. Chosroes II took power in circumstances that today remain obscure – as it was frequently the case at the Persian court – and was raised to the throne by a coup. The rebel was inspired by an attempt of his father, Hormizd IV, to oust one of the generals, Bahram Cobin, which provoked a powerful reaction among the Persian aristocracy. The question concerning Chosroes II’s involvement in the conspiracy still remains unanswered; however, Chosroes II was raised to the throne by the same magnates who had rebelled against his father. Soon after, Hormizd IV died in prison in ambiguous circumstances. The Arabic historian, al-Tabari, claimed that Chosroes was oblivious of the rebellion. However, al-Tabari works were written several centuries later, at a time when the legend of the shah was already deeply rooted in the consciousness of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Figurative Wall Painting of the Sasanian Period from Iran, Iraq and Syria1
    Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXIX, 2004 THE FIGURATIVE WALL PAINTING OF THE SASANIAN PERIOD FROM IRAN, IRAQ AND SYRIA1 BY An DE WAELE (Ghent University) “… nec enim apud eos pingitur vel fingitur aliud, praetor varias caedes et bella.” Ammianus Marcellinus XXIV 6,32 1. Introduction The aim of this article is to provide a full view on our current knowledge of the figurative wall paintings of the Sasanian period from Iran, Iraq and Syria. All possible information has been collected, examined and finally resumed to this study. The themes that will be looked at are: the exact location of the paintings and function of this place; iconography (subject- composition-style); plastering, colour use and painting techniques; dating; and lastly the function of the murals (decorative-ideological/symbolical). As conclusion, they will be compared both with each other and with Sasanian art in general. Likewise, attention will be given to the profession of the painters. I just want to emphasize that only published data, drawings and pho- tographs were used (I have not been able to study the paintings themselves) so no new information will be given. Moreover, it concerns a summary but bibliographic references to more extensive descriptions and analyses will be provided. 1 This article is a summary of a part of my MA-thesis which I finished -under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ernie Haerinck- in May 2002 at Ghent University and in which I studied the art of wall painting from both the Parthian and Sasanian empires. I owe much gratitude to Professor Haerinck, not only for offering me the opportunity and support to write this paper, but also for adjusting where necessary and for helping achieving my first article.
    [Show full text]
  • First Mosaic Stone Qur'an in Preparation
    June 17, 2021 Baneh handicrafts workshops Two handicrafts workshops were inaugurated in Baneh, Kurdestan Province, on Tuesday, on the occasion of the Handicrafts Week, started on June 10, said the western province’s 5 Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts Department, CHTN reported. Iranica First mosaic stone Qur’an in preparation chtn.ir Iranica Desk briefed the CHTN reporter on the details of the and extremely difficult, the official added it is the artwork, saying that the diameter of each page of first of its kind. he first stone Qur’an is being made by this holy book, which is being made by the stone Master Seyyed Hossein Mirehei has previously a Qom handicraft artist using mosaic mosaic artist, Seyyed Hossein Mirehei, is two made two stone chandeliers for the holy shrines Tstone art,” said an official from the cen- millimeters. of Imam Ali and Imam Hussein (PBUT), the first tral province’s Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and All the process of making is done by hand, he ex- and third Shia Imams in Najaf and Karbala re- Handicrafts Department. plained . spectively, the official said. The head of Qom Cultural Heritage, Tourism, Mentioning that the entire making process of The two donated artworks are unique and unpar- and Handicrafts Department, Alireza Arjmandi, mosaic stone Qur’an is completely innovative alleled, he said. basijasatid.ir Top 10 museums to visit in Iran What are the best museums of Iran that you 10 museums which will leave you speechless. that are kept in museums of Iran. The large and mous museums in Iran. The
    [Show full text]