Análisis Comparativo De Elementos Del Tren De
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Chapter 2 the Electric Vehicle Industry in China and India
Chapter 2 The Electric Vehicle Industry in China and India: The Role of Governments for Industry Development Martin Lockström Thomas Callarman Liu Lei 1 Introduction With the Copenhagen discussions recently taken place, it is fair to say that the acknowledgement of global warming as a potential threat to our planet has never been greater. Despite the lack of all-embracing, world-wide consensus, the trend is nevertheless going toward a situation with strengthened control and regulatory frameworks in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, the G8 countries signed a treaty to reduce average global temperature by two degrees centigrade until year 2050. However, this calls for a multilateral commitment at all levels of society – from the beginning of the supply chain starting with raw materials extractors, not ending at the final consumer, but also considering waste and disposal after consumption. Virtually all industries are affected and especially big emitters like the automotive industry. Countries like China and India are here not exceptions, as they have both proclaimed far-reaching measures to address the global warming issue. Interestingly, whereas most Western countries have argued about pollution costs and consumer adoption, developing countries like China and India have embraced the current situation as an opportunity to turn greenhouse gas reduction into a business case and to take technological leadership in the field, focusing on the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrids. Due to the threat from global warming, China, among many other nations around the world, has committed itself to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, with increasing local pollution levels, increased traffic congestion, and also an ever-increasing demand for natural resources, has made the Chinese central government implementing new tougher measures in order to mitigate the current situation. -
No. Regist Name Built Year O Year O Scrapp Other
No. Regist Name Built Year O Year O Scrapp Other RM9 VLT 9 AEC Routemaster RM 1959 2017 RML899 215 UXJ AEC Routemaster RML 1961 1994 2005 RML894 787 UXA AEC Routemaster RML 1961 1994 2005 RML887 202 UXJ AEC Routemaster RML 1961 1994 2011 Refurbished - Iveco engine. RML889 214 UXJ AEC Routemaster RML 1961 1994 2005 RM994 793 UXA AEC Routemaster RM 1962 1994 2005 RML2360 CUV 360C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2003 RML2290 CUV 290C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 RML2361 CUV 361C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 RML2321 CUV 321C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 DRM2516 WLT 516 AEC Routemaster RML 1965 2017 RML2318 CUV 318C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2006 RML2305 CUV 305C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 RML2297 CUV 297C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 RM2109 CUV 109C AEC Routemaster RM 1965 2003 2004 RM2106 CUV 106C AEC Routemaster RM 1965 2003 2004 RML2362 CUV 362C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 Der Bus diente in Edinburgh nur der Ersatzteilgewinnung! RML2371 JJD 371D AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 RML2363 CUV 363C AEC Routemaster RML 1965 1994 2005 RML2398 JJD 398D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2543 JJD 543D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2546 JJD 546D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2540 JJD 540D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2564 JJD 564D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2570 JJD 570D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2568 JJD 568D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2575 JJD 575D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2590 JJD 590D AEC Routemaster RML 1966 1994 2005 RML2593 F-124-G -
Nov 5-6, 2020 Place: Shanghai, China Theme: Reduce Cost and Increase Efficiency, Move Towards the "New Four Modernizations" Host
Date: Nov 5-6, 2020 Place: Shanghai, China Theme: Reduce cost and increase efficiency, move towards the "new four modernizations" Host: Adsale Publishing Ltd., (Adsale Group) Organizer: Co-organizer: Supporters: Agenda: Highlights: 5 Nov ( Full day ) Morning Session 400+ Professionals Parallel sub-forum: 20+ Expert Presentations - Lightweighting to reduce cost and increase efficiency 40+ Exhibitors - Intelligentization and interiors & exteriors Whole Car & Auto Parts 70% - Electrification and key material technologies Manufacturers Kingfa Concurrent Workshop: Total material solution for new energy vehicle (EV) 6 Nov ( Half day ) Plant visit or technical forum OE qiche 丨 Procurement Matching Meeting (Plastic and rubber session) Confirmed Sponsors: YIZUMI, FCS, Gimatic, JSW, SHINI, Sino-Auto, Kingfa, Crerax, Multitech, 3DPRINTING TECHNOLOGY, NINGBO, WANHUA, COLOR MASTER BATCH, KING, WELSON, DOW, XIANGLONG, WITTMANN BATTENFELD, KAWATA, INCOE, Veryone, TIXCH, SODICK, FANUC, Cold Jet, SANYING, YILE, Sinoinstrument, TIANGANG, JWELL, CHITEC, OECHSLER, OLY, CHEN HSONG, Doleungchoi, LIZHU, MICROBAN (More sponsors to be confirmed) Last Edition Invited Speakers (Partial): Du Cao -- Vice-President /Chief Engineer, BAIC Motor Corporation Ltd. R & D Center Jianlai Yan -- Deputy Secretary General, China Society of Automotive Engineers Dr.Chengyin Yuan – CEO, National New Energy Vehicle Technology Yingtao Duan -- Lightweight Technology Department Engineer, BAIC Group New Technology Institute Shiwei Zhang -- Director of Attribute Department, Suzhou HT -
Electric Bus Feasibility Study for the City of Edmonton
I II ELECTRIC BUS FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CITY OF EDMONTON JUNE 2016 A REPORT PREPARED BY III IV TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF MANDATE 1:1 1.2 CONCLUSIONS 1:1 1.3 MAIN FINDINGS 1:4 1.3.1 CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS OF THE E-BUSES 1:4 1.3.2 ETS AND CITY STAFF PERCEPTIONS OF THE E-BUSES 1:4 1.3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE FIELD TRIALS 1:5 1.3.4 EXPECTED RELIABILITY OF E-BUSES IN SERVICE 1:6 1.3.5 EXTERNALITIES 1:7 1.3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF E-BUSES AT ETS 1:8 1.3.7 THE ELECTRIC BUS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EVOLUTION 1:9 1.4 THE BUSINESS CASE FOR E-BUSES IN EDMONTON 1:10 1.5 RECOMMENDATIONS 1:13 2 DESCRIPTION OF MANDATE 2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY 2:1 2.2 METHODOLOGY 2:1 2.3 LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT 2:2 3 DESCRIPTION OF FIELD TRIALS 3.1 THE ELECTRIC BUSES USED FOR WINTER EVALUATION 3:1 3.2 DURATION AND TIMING OF THE TRIALS 3:4 3.3 DUTY CYCLES OF THE BUSES 3:5 3.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS DURING THE TRIALS 3:6 3.5 DATA COLLECTION DURING THE FIELD TRIALS 3:7 3.6 AVAILABILITY OF THE BUSES DURING TRIALS 3:7 3.7 EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS 3:7 3.8 ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY OF TRIALS 3:8 3.8.1 RANGE, STATE OF CHARGE (SOC), ENERGY USAGE (TOTAL TEST AVERAGE) 3:8 3.8.2 TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY USAGE 3:10 3.8.3 ROUTE ANALYSIS 3:13 3.8.4 IMPACT OF SLOPE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION 3:14 3.8.5 INTERIOR BUS TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS 3:18 3.8.6 OTHER PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS 3:20 3.9 KEY FINDINGS 3:21 4 CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS OF THE E-BUSES 4.1 METHODOLOGY 4:1 4.2 E-BUS RIDER PERCEPTIONS (AS MEASURED DURING TRIALS) 4:2 4.2.1 BUS MODEL 4:2 4.2.2 NOTICED A DIFFERENT DESIGN -
Press Release 2020-May-25 ZF Electrifies
PRESSE-INFORMATION PRESS RELEASE Seite 1/3, 25.05.2020 ZF Electrifies London: New Contract for Electric Portal Axle AxTrax AVE • ZF technology for emission free city transportation: Tower Transit orders thirty-seven electric buses from Optare • Second London bus company contract for Optare model incorporating ZF’s electric portal axle, AxTrax AVE Friedrichshafen. ZF has again achieved market success with its zero-emission drive technologies: London bus operator, Tower Transit, has ordered thirty-seven Metrodecker EVs from British bus manufacturer Optare. The battery-electric version of the typical red double-decker bus is propelled by the proven ZF electric portal axle, AxTrax AVE. ZF is now enabling two bus operators in London to offer clean mobility. Optare expects that one hundred electric double-decker buses will be on the roads of British city centers by the end of the year. With the AxTrax AVE electric portal axle, ZF is providing a successful model for achieving sustainable local public transportation. Globally, more than 2,200 electric buses equipped with the AxTrax AVE have already covered 150 million local, emission free kilometers. Tower Transit is now the second bus operator in London to decide in favor of the proven electric portal axle. Over the course of the year, thirty-seven Optare Metrodecker EVs, battery-electric versions of the iconic red double-decker buses, are to begin serving both the No.23 bus route, running past Hyde Park and Buckingham Palace and route C3, which serves south-eastern London. Operator Metroline has already been running thirty-one Metrodecker EVs since last summer. -
Optare Plc Annual Report and Accounts 2017 WHAT WE DO
Optare plc Annual report and accounts 2017 Optare plc | Annual report and accounts 2017 WHAT WE DO Working in close partnership with bus operators to create comfortable and stylish buses that enhance the passenger experience. Optare has almost a century of expertise in using the latest technologies in bus design and manufacturing to deliver the vehicles of today and tomorrow. Metrodecker Tempo Versa Metrocity Type: Double deck Type: Full size single deck Type: Midi-bus Type: Midi-bus Length: 10.5–11.1m Length: 12.5m Length: 10.4–11.7m Length: 10.1–11.5m Engine solution: Euro 6, Engine solution: Euro 5 Engine solution: Euro 6, electric Engine solution: Euro 6, electric electric REVIEW OF THE YEAR STRATEGIC REPORT REPORT STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS IFC What we do 1 Review of the year • Continued improved customer brand perception 2 Chairman’s statement through new aftermarket structure and extensive 3 President’s report quality campaigns. 4 Continued integration with Ashok Leyland Ltd 5 Our mission and values • A renewed demand for the Versa model, accounting 6 Our business for a quarter of overall sales in 2016/17. 7 Annual highlights • Development of an extended range Metrocity 15 Our key risks electric bus – designed to carry out a day’s service without the need to opportunity charge. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 16 Board of Directors • Development of the Metrodecker EV 17 Corporate governance (electric double deck). 18 Directors’ and Senior Officers’ remuneration report • Development of the Metrocity xFE. 20 Directors’ report 22 Statement of Directors’ responsibilities FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 24 Independent auditor’s report 25 Consolidated income statement and statement • Revenue for the period was £35.0m, a drop of 8.7% of comprehensive income over prior year. -
PLANNING for INNOVATION Understanding China’S Plans for Technological, Energy, Industrial, and Defense Development
PLANNING FOR INNOVATION Understanding China’s Plans for Technological, Energy, Industrial, and Defense Development A report prepared for the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Tai Ming Cheung Thomas Mahnken Deborah Seligsohn Kevin Pollpeter Eric Anderson Fan Yang July 28, 2016 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE ON GLOBAL CONFLICT AND COOPERATION Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commis- sion’s website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of US-China economic relations and their implications for US security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. The University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC) addresses global challenges to peace and prosperity through academically rigorous, policy-relevant research, train- ing, and outreach on international security, economic development, and the environment. IGCC brings scholars together across social science and lab science disciplines to work on topics such as regional security, nuclear proliferation, innovation and national security, development and political violence, emerging threats, and climate change. IGCC is housed within the School -
Electric Vehicles Visit to China: Game On
Electric Vehicles Visit to China: Game on Visit to China: Game on We recently visited the electric vehicle (EV) supply chain and key influencers in Industry Report China. Among our observations was a significant change in the Chinese government’s EV policy since our last visit in October 2015. Last year, policymakers September 12, 2016 were focused on expanding the EV market through a wide range of incentives . Now, the government appears more focused on curbing th e overly generous Mirae Asset Daewoo Co., Ltd. subsidy programs (which have led to oversupply concerns, similar to the solar power industry), emphasizing the need to create an environment where EV makers [Electric Vehicles ] are able to foster competitiveness on their own. Yeon -ju Park The changes in policy will solidify the market dominance of leading players (e.g., +822 -768 -3061 [email protected] BYD) and encourage switching over to nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) lithium ion batteries for cost reduction. Major players, including BYD, are likely to deliver Young Ryu steady growth via cost reduction, while new entrants should struggle. +822 -768 -4138 [email protected] In the most recent round of certifications in June, Korean battery suppliers failed to Jae -hwan Huh obtain certification in the country (making EVs using those companies’ batteries +822 -768 -3054 ineligible for subsidies). Views on this were mixed. On the on e hand, demand for [email protected] Korean batteries has been high due to their lower cost, and a number of Chinese automakers that have already completed the development of new models using Yeon -hwan Choo Korean batteries may need to alter these models by installing other types of +822 -768 -3002 batteries—a process that could take about one year. -
China's Green Move – Vehicle Electrification Ahead
China’s Green Move - Vehicle Electrification Ahead China’s Green Move – Vehicle Electrification Ahead August 8, 2012 Editor: Lead Analyst: Mark Fulton Michael Carboy (康博文) Managing Director Director Global Head of Climate Change Investment Research Head of China, India and Brazil Investment Research Lucy Cotter Reid Capalino Jane Cao (曹瑱) Associate Analyst Research Associate London New York Beijing Overview In this note we examine China’s ambitious goal to develop a fleet of 5 million electric vehicles by 2020 (the term “electric vehicles” used here includes plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles and does not include traditional hybrid-electric vehicles).1 Such a fleet would represent 43% of the estimated global PHEV/EV fleet and 0.4% of the global passenger vehicle fleet (all engine types)2. Based on the goals and targets set forth in the Ministry of Industry and Information’s (MIIT) recently released “China Energy Efficient and New-Energy Vehicles Industrial Plan 2012-2020,” we develop a forecast of what we believe is achievable for production and sales and include a review of other market forecasts. China is planning to fund this ambitious goal with RMB115 billion (USD$18 billion). Even if China were to achieve 70% of its fleet goals by 2020 which is our central expectation, the country still will have achieved a Herculean accomplishment that will reduce the pace of GHG emissions and petroleum consumption as the country’s emerging middle class becomes increasingly urbanized and mobile. China targets a domestically manufactured electric vehicle (PHEV and EV) fleet of 500,000 vehicles by 2015; a fleet of 5 million electric vehicles by 2020 and a manufacturing infrastructure capable of producing 2 million electric vehicles per year by 2020. -
Electric Vehicles | CHINA
Electric vehicles | CHINA INDUSTRIALS / AUTOS & AUTO PARTS NOMURA INTERNATIONAL (HK) LIMITED NEW Yankun Hou +852 2252 6234 [email protected] THEME Action Stocks in focus We believe that various electric vehicles (xEV) are the ultimate solution for the We believe the EV theme will sustainability of the global auto industry. We think current EV technology is not support BYD’s share price, although sophisticated enough to compete with the internal combustion engine, but can be we find it difficult to see upside from applied to niche markets. Penetration in niche markets will probably depend on here without clearer milestones; CSR government policy. We are cutting our rating for BYD to NEUTRAL (from Buy) on could benefit due to its strong R&D possible slower sales of EV products in 2011 and a demanding valuation. We think ability in EV buses. WATG, Tianneng Power, A123, Ningbo Yunsheng and CSR (NEUTRAL) have exposure to the EV theme. Price Catalysts Stock Rating Price target BYD (1211 HK) NEUTRAL 42.75 40.00 Government policies on EV; auto sales volume. CSR (1766 HK) NEUTRAL 10.78 11.20 Anchor themes Downgrading from Buy. Cutting PT. We think the niche auto market, including buses, taxis, and LSEVs, provides the Closing prices as of 12 January 2011; local currency first entry point for EV producers. So near and yet so far Analysts Yankun Hou +852 2252 6234 Technology ready to take off as a niche product [email protected] We believe the current EV technology cannot compete with the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) on driving experience, but that it is ready to be Ming Xu applied to niche markets, though the speed of penetration depends on government +852 2252 1569 commitment. -
East Yorkshire, Go North East, Scarborough Locals
North East East Yorkshire, East Yorkshire Coaches, Scarborough Locals (PB0000328) East Yorkshire Motor Services Limited, 252 Anlaby Road, Hull, Humberside, HU3 2RS Go North East (PB0003954) Go North East Limited, 117 Queen Street, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, NE8 2UA Part of the Go-Ahead Group PLC. Depots: East Yorkshire, East Yorkshire Coaches, Scarborough Locals Bridlington Bressingby Way, Bessingby Industrial Estate, Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, YO16 4SR Elloughton Stockbridge Road, Elloughton, Brough, Humberside, HU15 1HN Hull 252 Anlaby Road, Hull, Humberside, HU3 2RS Scarborough Barrys Lane, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Y012 4HA Westwood Road, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Y011 2JH Withernsea Bannister Street, Withernsea, Humberside, HU19 2DU York Station Road, Pocklington, York, East Riding of Yorkshire, YO42 2SQ Go North East Chester-Le-Street Picktree Lane, Chester-Le-Street, County Durham, DH3 3SW Consett Hownsgill Industrial Park, Templetown, County Durham, DH8 7NU Deptford Deptford Terrace, Deptford, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, SR4 6DD Hexham Tyne Green Road, Hexham, Northumberland, NE46 3HR Percy Main Rothbury Terrace, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE29 7AP Riverside Mandela Way, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, NE11 9DH Washington Industrial Road, Washington, Tyne and Wear, NE37 2SD Outstations: Go North East Crook Weardale Motor Services, Unit 1, Virginia Buildings, Prospect, Crook, County Durham, DL15 8JN Peterlee East Durham Community Transport, Unit 7A, 3 Cook Way, North West Industrial Estate, Peterlee, County Durham, SR8 2HY Store: Go North East Saltmeadows 18 Saltmeadows Road, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, NE8 3AH 1 - 7 Chassis Type: Scania K410EB6 Body Type: Caetano Levante III Fleet No: Reg No: Seat Type: Year: Depot: Livery: Notes: 1 BF68LCV C59FLT 2018 Hull National Express 2 BF68LCW C59FLT 2018 Hull National Express 3 BF68LCX C59FLT 2018 Hull National Express 4 BF68LCY C59FLT 2018 Hull National Express 5 BF68LFB C59FLT 2018 Hull National Express Unofficial fleet list compiled by http://www.ukbuses.co.uk. -
Real World Performance of Hybrid and Electric Buses
Real World Performance of Hybrid and Electric Buses Environmental and Financial Performance of Hybrid and Battery Electric Transit Buses Based on Real World Performance of Large Operational Fleets Jürg M. Grütter Grütter Consulting October 2014 [email protected] www.transport-ghg.com Hybrid and Electric Buses Contents Abbreviations .....................................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................5 1.1. Background ..............................................................................................................................5 1.2. Objective ..................................................................................................................................5 1.3. Contents ..................................................................................................................................6 1.4. Repic and Grütter Consulting ....................................................................................................6 2. Comparison Cities ...........................................................................................................................7 2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................7 2.2. Overview Cities ........................................................................................................................7