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Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru Asal Tapanuli Tengah

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Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru Asal Tapanuli Tengah SIFAT KIMIA KAYU RARU ASAL TAPANULI TENGAH SKRIPSI Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan 161201095 Teknologi Hasil Hutan DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara SIFAT KIMIA KAYU RARU ASAL TAPANULI TENGAH SKRIPSI Oleh: Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan 161201095 Teknologi Hasil Hutan Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara LEMBAR PENGESAHAN Judul : Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru Asal Tapanuli Tengah Nama : Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan NIM 161201095 Departemen : Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas : Kehutanan Disetujui oleh Komisi Pembimbing Dr. Apri Heri Iswanto, S.Hut., M.Si. Ketua Mengetahui, Arif Nuryawan, S. Hut., M. Si., Ph.D. Ketua Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan Tanggal Lulus : 20 Februari 2020 i Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan NIM : 161201095 Judul Skripsi : Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru Asal Tapanuli Tengah Menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri. Pengutipan-pengutipan yang penulis lakukan pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari hasil karya orang lain dalam penulisan skripsi ini, telah penulis cantumkan sumbernya secara jelas sesuai dengan norma, kaidah, dan etika penulisan ilmiah. Medan, Februari 2020 Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan NIM 161201095 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK FAZILLA OKTAVIANI TARIGAN: Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru asal Tapanuli Tengah. Dibimbing oleh APRI HERI ISWANTO. Raru merupakan spesies kurang dikenal yang berasal dari Sumatera Utara. Terdapat beberapa jenis dari pohon Raru lokal yaitu, Raru Dahanon, Pulut, dan Songal. Masyarakat setempat biasanya memanfaatkan kayu Raru untuk keperluan bangunan, dan kulitnya sebagai campuran minuman beralkohol khas Batak (tuak). Informasi mengenai karakteristik dari tanaman Raru masih terbatas, termasuk sifat kimianya. Padahal, informasi tentang sifat-sifat kimia diperlukan tidak hanya untuk papan serat, ataupun kebutuhan pulp, tetapi komposisi kimia juga dimaksudkan sebagai tambahan ketahanan stabilitas kayu, baik secara biologis maupun fisis dan mekanis untuk keperluan di masa yang akan datang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang komposisi kimia kayu Dahanon, Pulut dan Songal berdasarkan arah aksial batang (pangkal, tengah, ujung). Komposisi kimia seperti holoselulosa, alfa-selulosa, hemiselulosa, kandungan lignin, dan zat ekstraktif dalam etanol benzena 1:2, zat ekstraktif dalam air panas, air dingin, dan NaOH 1% diukur. Analisis komponen kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga kayu Raru lokal dari bagian yang berbeda menghasilkan sifat kimia yang berbeda. Komposisi kimia dari kayu dahanon, pulut dan songal adalah 61,28%, 63,13%, dan 66,19% (holoselulosa), 41,88%, 42,01%, dan 42,95% (α-selulosa), 19,39%, 21,11%, dan 23,24% (hemiselulosa), 28,68%, 24,76%, 30,11% (kadar lignin), 3,34%, 4,6% dan 3,83% (zat ekstraktif dalam air dingin). Kata kunci: Kayu, Kayu Lokal, Komponen Kimia. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT FAZILLA OKTAVIANI TARIGAN: The Chemical Properties Of Raru Wood from Central Tapanuli. Supervised by APRI HERI ISWANTO. Raru is a lesser-known species originating from North Sumatra. There were tree local raru species namely, Raru Dahanon, Pulut, and Songal. Local people commonly harvesting raru wood for building purpose and its bark for a mixture of bataknese alcoholic drinks (tuak). The information regarding the wood characteristic of local raru wood is still limited, including its chemical properties. Where as, information on chemical properties is needed not only for fiberboard, pulp purpose, but the chemical composition is also intended as an addition to wood stability resistance both biologically as well as physical and mechanical for future utilization. Therefore, this study was conducted to get information on the chemical composition of Dahanon, Pulut and Songal wood based on stem axial (bottom, middle, top). The chemical composition such as holocellulose, α- cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, and extractive substances in 1: 2 benzene ethanol, an extractive substance in hot water, cold water, and NaOH 1% were measured. The chemical component observations were done by using the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results showed that of the three local raru wood from different parts produce different chemical properties. The chemical composition of Dahanon, Pulut and Songal wood are 61.28%, 63.13%, and 66.19% (holocellulose), 41.88%, 42.01%, and 42.95% (α- cellulose), 19.39%, 21.11%, and 23.24% (hemicellulose), 28.68%, 24.76%, 30.11% (lignin content), 3.34%, 4.6% and 3.83% (extractive substance in cold water). Keywords: wood, local raru, chemical compositions. iv Universitas Sumatera Utara RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis dilahirkan di Medan pada tanggal 06 Oktober 1998. Penulis adalah anak kedua dari empat bersaudara oleh pasangan Bapak Darfen dan Ibu Mauliza. Penulis memulai pendidikan formal di SD Swasta Ibnu Sina Batam pada tahun 2004 - 2010, Sekolah Menengah Pertama di SMP Negeri 6 Batam pada tahun 2010 - 2013, Sekolah Menengah Atas di SMA Negeri 1 Batam pada tahun 2013 - 2016, dan pada tahun 2016 penulis diterima di Fakultas Kehutanan USU melalui jalur SBMPTN dan memilih minat Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan. Selain mengikuti perkuliahan, penulis merupakan anggota Pemerintahan Mahasiswa USU tahun 2017-2018, anggota organisasi Rain Forest USU tahun 2018 - 2019, anggota HIMAS USU, dan sekretaris umum Pemerintahan Mahasiswa Fakultas Kehutanan USU 2019 – 2020. Penulis telah mengikuti Praktik Pengenalan Ekosistem Hutan di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Lubuk Kertang pada tahun 2018. Pada tahun 2019 penulis juga telah menyelesaikan Praktik Kerja Lapang (PKL) di KPHL Unit II Batam. Pada awal tahun 2019 penulis melaksanakan penelitian dengan judul Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru Asal Tapanuli Tengah di bawah bimbingan Bapak Dr. Apri Heri Iswanto, S.Hut., M.Si. v Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis sampaikan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya serta memberikan kekuatan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Skripsi ini berjudul “Sifat Kimia Kayu Raru asal Tapanuli Tengah”. Penyususnan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan dalam memperoleh gelar sarjana pada Program Studi Kehutanan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Bapak Dr. Apri Heri Iswanto, S.Hut, M. Si selaku komisi pembimbing yang telah membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis serta memberikan berbagai masukan berharga kepada penulis dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kedua orang tua penulis, Bapak Darfen dan Ibu Mauliza yang telah memberikan dukungan materi dan moral untuk pelaksanaan dan penyusunan hasil penelitian ini. Selain itu, penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada teman-teman yang telah membantu pelaksanaan dan menyumbangkan semangat serta kerjasama yang baik saat penelitian. Penulis menyadari pembuatan skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, sehingga penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi menyempurnakan sripsi ini. Dan penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam bidang hasil hutan. Akhir kata penulis ucapkan terima kasih. Medan, Februari 2020 Fazilla Oktaviani Tarigan vi Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... i PERNYATAAN ORIGINALITAS ........................................................... ii ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... iv RIWAYAT HIDUP .................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vii DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................. x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .............................................................................. xi PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 2 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................ 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Taksonomi Pohon Raru Pulut ................................................................ 3 Taksonomi Pohon Raru Dahanon .......................................................... 3 Taksonomi Pohon Raru Songal ............................................................. 3 Morfologi Pohon Raru Pulut ................................................................. 4 Morfologi Pohon Raru Dahanon ........................................................... 4 Morfologi Pohon Raru Songal .............................................................. 4 Habitat
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