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Les Mares À Kopara

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Les Mares À Kopara l€SMRMS Pièges à phosphates R desKOPnRR atolls par Francis ROUGERIE Qui n'apas été étonné de trouver IWm SUT certains atolls des lacs entourés d'un terreau riche et rougeatre où poussent des joncs? Voici l'explication de ce miracle de la riche terre organique dans un univers de calcai- re et d'eau salée. OPARA est un mot Paumotu qui ICignifie bien miìì-, mou, facile à manger )). De fait, en période de di- sette, le kopara était di- rectement consommé, comme il l'est par les poissons qui réussissent à pénétrer dans ces mares peu salées. Com- me l'a montré le Profes- seur J. Trichet (Universi- té d'Orléans), le kopara est un aliment très éner- gétique, riche en glu- - cides, lipides et acides et profonde. Elles sont dégradées aminés. kopara est constitué par les bactéries méthanogènes et dune association de plusieurs sulfatoréductrices. qui donnent types de micro organismes : l'odeur caractéristique dœuf pour- En surface, les cinq premiers ri (présence dH2S). millimètres sont occupés par Aucune algue supérieure ne peut différentes cyanophycées, orga- pousser dans ces mares où les cya- nismes à mi chemin entre les nophycées sont bien mieux adap- algues et les bactéries qui utili- tées aux baisses du niveau d'eau, sent la lumière comme source aux variations de salinité, de tem- dénergie. Dans le kopara, cer- pérature.. .. taines sont oranges, d'autres En fait, les cyanophycées sont brunes, d'autres vertes, elles partout, dès que des débris coral- noircissent lorsqu'elles se trou- liens sont arrachés et échoués, vent asséchées. leur surface est colonisée et de- Juste au dessous, une couche vient noire. Les anciens hoa assé- très mince rose-violette: ce sont chés en sont recouverts, grâce à les bactéries pourpres sulfo- leur archaïsme, elles attendent oxydantes, photosynthétiques sous des formes résistantes les elles aussi. conditions propices: un peu d'eau Plus bas, la lumière et l'oxygè- pour s'exprimer et se développer ne n'arrivent plus et toutes les alLlGllllGn,..nn:a".nam LycllluplyLGGnm,fi".n.-.t..7nbnn n+ nul-n..l en tapis. Si les précipitations se GL maintiennent jusqu'à donner un fo-oxydantes forment une affleurement permanent de la nap- couche rouge riche en pigments pe phréatique, le tapis s'épaissit et caroténoïdes, qui peut aller jus- les couches de kopara commen- p'à plusieurs mètres d'épais- carotte des sédiments d'une mare à Kopara centà s'organiser en strates, seur si la mare est assez vieille ph. Qrstom Tahiti TAHITI-Pacifique, mars 1995 Fonds Documentaire ORSTOM O r 1 10013636 I Cote:ß& 13636 Ex: 3!- I1 y a une espèce en voie disparition qui n’a pas encore barrages, en passe de devenir l’attraction touristique attiré l’attention de notre cher Cousteau à la voix mélo- “number one”, au hit parade de la promotion du Fenm dieuse: “lesmecs en tenue décontractée dans les rues de tout cela sous le regard placide des autorités. Ceux-là Papeete.” donc sont loin des préoccupations vestimentaires les- C‘est surtout à l’heure du breakfast matinal et à celle quels semblent être l’apanage d’individus en mal de du déj.-fast-food que les rues de notre capitale se rem- puissance si ce n’est d‘autorité. plissent de beaux messieurs, pantalonés et pas froissés I1 me vient cependant un doute à la vue des signataires pour deux ronds, déambulant dun air pressé (l’estomac, des multiples protocoles d‘accord en tous genres dont la c’est sacré!) un peu dans tous les sens, vu que l’on choi- télé, se fait quasiment quotidiennement le reporter. On y sit rarement le marchand de bouffe le plus proche de voit en effet des tas de messieurs bien mis et de non son bureau-ron-ron. moins nombreux syndicalistes à l’élégance plus que Nous avons déjà eu l’occasion de parler des jolies de- douteuse s’efforçant de mettre ensemble en application moiselles, sapées, maquillées et emperlousées qui la maxime “L’habitne fait pas le moine!” s’éreintent dans leurs bagnes climatisés et pour une I1 est en effet incontestable qu’en Polynésie il y a belle fois, nous ne nous arrêterons que sur les hommes (enfin lurette que ce ne sont plus les mieux nippés qui font la nous l’espérons..!) loi ...! I1 n’y a plus guère qu’aux alentours du marché où il est C. BESLU loisible de voir à longueur de journées, si ce n’est de Note de la rédaction : Savez-vous pourquoi nos ministres nuits, des gars en short et T-shirts généralement pas territoriaux portent costume cravate sous la chaleur tropicale? très frais, qui ne se prennent pas au sérieux et vous ta- Deux explications sont possibles : quinent gentiment en posant la désormais rituelle ques- 1) Pourfaire comme ÙParis*, certainementle slogan moteur s’y de l’autonomie interne depuis sa conception, quel qu’en soit le tion (( t’as pas 100 balles ? )) (même les filles mettent coût matériel et social. Ce qui rappelle l’écriteau vu sur la por- aujourd‘hui!). Partout ailleurs, ce ne sont que person- Ici te d‘un miséreux bordel de Port au Prince, capitale d’Haïti : K nages fringués à mort et exerçant sans aucun doute un onfait l‘amour comme ÙParis. rôle important dans la marche du pays ? 2) Pour suivre les consells d’un certain Paul Gauguin, écrits à Nous sommes évidemment bien loin du lanceur de Papeete en 1897 : u ll faut toyours être bien habillépourêtre un cailloux vulgaris se produisant périodiquement sur les homme intelligent w Adp. Papeete, fe 20 mai 1916. Tubuai, le 29 juillet 1916. G. Julien, Officier de la IR- Le gendarme Dupfre, faisant fonctions gion dHonneur, Gouverneur d‘Agent special de Tubuai, des Etablissements français A Monsieur le Gouverneur des Etablis- de l’oceanie, sements français de l’Oc6anie. Monsieur le Gouvemeur, A Monsieur I’Agent-Sp6cial J’ai l’honneur de vous rendre compte de Tubuai-Raivavae. que, suivant les ordres contenus dans J’ai appris récemment qu’il votre lettre no 402, du 20 mai 1916, j’ai existait des divinités mégali- donné des instructions au Chef de Raiva- thiques analogues à celles de vae, en vue de la préservation des divini- l’île de Pâques. Quelques-unes tés mégalithiques de cette île. d‘entr’elles,les plus petites, I1 existe, en effet, quatre divinités de ce auraient, paraît-il, été brisées genre à Raivavae: deux grandes, dont et détruites ou utilisées com- l’une peut atteindre trois mètres -les diffé- me de vulgaires matériaux. Je rents équipages de la “Zélée”se sont mal- me propose de prendre un heureusement plu à y graver leurs noms- texte pour les préserver de ma et de deux petites, de lm 50 à lm 75 (il destruction. En attendant, il manque un bras à une de ces demières). convient de protéger celles qui Elles sont faites d‘une pierre rouge, po- existent encore et qui sont au reuse, friable et auraient beaucoup à ga- nombre de deux grosses et de gner à être mises à l’abri des injures du deux petites. temps, mais elles sont dun tel poids qu’elles ne peu- J’attache le plus grand intérêt à ce que l’on respecte vent être transportées, du moins avec les moyens ces témoins du passé, et qu’on évite avec le plus dont on dispose à Raivavae. grand soin toutes causes accidentelles de détériora- D’après les dires des anciens de l’île, les petites divi- tion. nités auraient été détruites, non pas pour être utili- G. JULIEN sées comme matériaux, mais par ordre des premiers pasteurs venus à Raivavae, qui s’attachaient à faire I disparaître tout vestige de paganisme. (Source :Bulletin de la SoCiLté des EMes Océaniennes] G.DUPIRE (( Cher ami, Bien qu'en général tu respectes les devoirs du journaliste (tu ne verses ni dans le dénigrement obsessionnel qui carac- térise certains médias, ni dans le "Top-Lèche"), la publication par tes soins dans Tahiti-Pacifique de ce véritable code de déontologie des journalistes serait un rappel bienheureux pour beaucoup. a) F. G. Ddclaration des devoirs et des droits des journalistes Déclaration rédigée et approuvée a Munich, les 24 et 25 novembre 1971. Elk a étéadoptée depuis par la Fé- dêration inter"ale desjournalistes (FIJJ,par Porga- ni" intemcllionak desjournalistes (OU,), et par la . prUpart des syndicats dejournalistes d'Europe. -(( Prdambule -Le droit à l'information, à la libre expression et à la cri- tique est une des libertés fondamentales de tout être humain. -De ce droit du public à connaître les faits et les opi- nions procède l'ensemble des devoirs et des droits des journalistes. -La responsabilité des journalistes vis-à-vis du public prime toute autre responsabilité, en particulier à l'égard de leurs employeurs et des pouvoirs publics. -La mission d'information comDorte nécessairement --deslimites que les journalistes eux-mêmes s'imposent spontanément. Tel est l'objet de la déclaration des de- voirs formulée ici. Dessin de lturria publié par l'association Reporters sans fron- Mais ces devoirs ne peuvent être effectivement respec- tières dans Cent dessins pour la liberté de la presse, 1992 tés dans l'exercice de la profession de journaliste que si les conditions concrètes de l'indépendance et de la di- server strictement les principes énoncés ci-dessus. Re- gnité professionnelle sont réalisées. Tel est l'objet de la connaissant le droit en vigueur dans chaque pays, le déclaration des droits qui suit : journaliste n'accepte en matière d'honneur profession- nel que la juridiction de ses pairs, à l'exclusion de toute Ddclarations des devoirs ingérence gouvernementale ou autre.
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