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i ``variants5'' --- 2007/9/6 --- 9:22 --- page 129 --- #127 i i i The Copyist as Novelist Multiple Versions in the Ancient Greek Novel M. Sanz Morales No book is ever published without some variant in each copy. Scribes take a secret oath to omit, interpolate, vary. Jorge Luis Borges, The Babylon Lottery 1. Purpose The present essay has two objectives: on the one hand, to show the ex- istence of multiple versions in the textual transmission of several of the Greek novels that have come down to us; on the other, to investigate the causes for such multiplicity. This shall require that this case of multiple versions be placed in relationship with other similar cases of works which do not pertain to the genre of the novel, but yet are related to it, which in turn will lead to certain consequences in the field of literary studies.1 2. Greek novels and their multiple versions The genre of the Greek novel developed in the first centuries of our era, a period in which the Greek-speaking world was a part of the Roman Em- pire. The only five novels which have survived in their entirety all belong to this period, as well as the quite numerous papyrus fragments of other novels which have been lost. The peak of the genre seems to have been somewhere around the second or third century A. D., judging from the probable date of many of these novels.2 As for their literary form, the 1 This article is a part of a research project (HUM2005-03090) financed by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia of Spain and FEDER. 2 The titles and approximate dates are as follows: Callirhoe, by Chariton Aphrodisiensis (first or second century A.D.), An Ephesian Tale or Anthia and Habrocomes, by Xenophon of Ephesus, Daphnis and Chloe, by Longus of Lesbos and Leucippe and Clitophon, by Achilles Tatius (second century), and An Ethiopian Story or Theagenes and Chariclea, by Heliodorus of Emesa (third or fourth century). The fragments of other novels are relatively abundant: see the editions of S. A. Stephens-J. J. Winkler Ancient Greek Novels: the Fragments. Introduction, text, translation and commentary (Princeton: 1995), and Mª. P.! López Martínez Fragmentos papiráceos de novela griega (Alicante:1998). i i i i.

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Ephesiaca a Paraliterary Love-Story from the Ancient World ANCIENT NARRATIVE
Xenophon’s Ephesiaca A Paraliterary Love-Story from the Ancient World ANCIENT NARRATIVE Supplementum 22 Editorial Board Gareth Schmeling, University of Florida, Gainesville Stephen Harrison, Corpus Christi College, Oxford Heinz Hofmann, Universität Tübingen Massimo Fusillo, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila Ruurd Nauta, University of Groningen Stelios Panayotakis, University of Crete Costas Panayotakis (review editor), University of Glasgow Advisory Board Jean Alvares, Montclair State University Alain Billault, Université Paris Sorbonne – Paris IV Ewen Bowie, Corpus Christi College, Oxford Jan Bremmer, University of Groningen Koen De Temmerman, University of Ghent Stavros Frangoulidis, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki Ronald Hock, University of Southern California, Los Angeles Irene de Jong, University of Amsterdam Silvia Montiglio, Johns Hopkins University John Morgan, University of Wales, Swansea Michael Paschalis, University of Crete Judith Perkins, Saint Joseph College, West Hartford Tim Whitmarsh, University of Cambridge Alfons Wouters, University of Leuven Maaike Zimmerman, University of Groningen Website www.ancientnarrative.com Subscriptions and ordering Barkhuis Kooiweg 38 9761 GL Eelde the Netherlands [email protected] www.barkhuis.nl Xenophon’s Ephesiaca A Paraliterary Love-Story from the Ancient World by Aldo Tagliabue BARKHUIS & GRONINGEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GRONINGEN 2017 Book design: Barkhuis Cover design: Nynke Tiekstra, Coltsfootmedia, Rotterdam Image on cover: “Incontro tra Anzia e Abrocome alle feste di Diana”, Jacopo Amigoni (attributed), ca. 1743 ISBN 9789492444127 Copyright © 2017 the author All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec- tronical, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written per- mission from the author.
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