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The Warsaw Uprising

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The Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) The Warsaw Uprising Historical reconstrucon of the bales in Mokotów of 1944 Source: Piotr VaGla Waglowski, Rekonstrukcja historyczna walk na Mokotowie w 1944, 2008, domena publiczna. Link to the Lesson You will learn what was the Operation Tempest and how did the Warsaw Uprising proceed. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu Approaching from the East, the Red Army entered the pre‐war Polish territories in 1944. Thus, a military operation (Operation Tempest) was prepared in order to initiate local uprisings and liberate Poland from the German occupation. It was meant as a move to show the approaching Russians that the territories they were on had their owners already – the Poles – and their own authorities, represented by the government‐in‐exile. Unfortunately, the attempts to coordinate joint operations between the Polish Home Army and the Red Army usually ended with the arrests of the Poles. Such situations took place repeatedly, both after the liberation of Vilnius and the capture of Lviv. It clearly demonstrated Stalin’s attitude towards the Polish government‐in‐exile and their representatives in the occupied country. The situation was further accentuated by the creation of the Polish Committee of National Liberation in July 1944 as a competing authority. However, the Red Army, approaching the outskirts of Warsaw, rekindled the hopes for the quick liberation of the capital. In that situation, the Government Delegate at Home, Stanisław Jankowski, and the Home Army Commander, General Tadeusz Bór Komorowski, decided to start an armed uprising in the city. It began on 1 August at 5 PM (the W Hour). The insurgents counted on the Red Army’s quick arrival, hoping that it would support them in the fight against the Germans. However, Stalin halted the offensive. Despite the success in the first days of the battles, e.g. the capture of the majority of the Śródmieście district, including the Powiśle and Old Town areas, as well as parts of the Mokotów, Wola and Ochota districts, the insurgents’ plans had to be quickly revised. After a few days of fighting, it became clear that the Soviet help would not arrive. The Poles were forced to fight alone a more numerous, better‐armed and better‐trained enemy. The Germans not only fought against the Home Army soldiers, but also murdered civilians (for example during the Wola massacre, where between 40 and 60 thousand people were killed). Battles took place in Wola, the Old Town, and Czerniaków. The insurgents’ efforts were extensive, and, apart from the soldiers, women and children took part in them as runners, sanitary workers and sappers. The uprising lasted 63 days and ended with the total defeat of the Home Army. About 10,000 insurgents and 150,000‐200,000 civilians died in a hopeless fight. The Germans expelled the surviving people and teared down the city. The capital of Poland ceased to exist. Task 1 Source: Polskie Państwo Podziemne, domena publiczna. Task 2 Take a look at the photograph. Say, what emoons accompany the people depicted in it? What do these emoons demonstrate? Soldiers from the "Czata 49" Baalion Source: a. nn., domena publiczna. Task 3 Find out how old the youngest insurgents were. Use different sources. The youngest insurgents serving in the scout's post office Source: a. nn., domena publiczna. Exercise 1 Match the terms with their definions. the Armed Forces in Poland; the secret armed forces of the Polish Underground State during World War II, acve in the occupied territories of Poland. They were subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief. Their first commander was General Stefan Grot-Rowecki. It was acve between 14 February 1942 and 19 January 1945 and had up to 350k members under oath (in 1944)., the cryptonym for the me of the beginning of the Warsaw Uprising, scheduled for Tuesday, 1 August 1944 for 5 PM., the armed forces of Soviet Russia between 1918 and 1946., the word used to describe the Eastern territories of Poland in the interwar period; they are presently part of Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania., a military operaon organized by the Home Army against the German military in the last days of the occupaon, before the Red Army entered the Polish territories. It began in January 1944; its main objecve was to show the Soviet authories that the liberated territories belonged to the Poles., an armed outbreak of the people against the authories or occupaonal authories. Most commonly, the objecve of an uprising is to regain independence, or to unite the area within its reach with another country., the temporary, puppet execuve organ of Poland created in 1944 and dominated by the Communists. It worked under the control of Stalin. Operaon Tempest Red Army Home Army (AK) Polish Commiee of Naonal Liberaon (PKWN) Kresy Uprising W Hour Keywords Red Army, Home Army (AK), Kresy, Uprising, W Hour Glossary Operaon Tempest Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Operation Tempest Akcja „Burza” – operacja militarna zorganizowana przez Armię Krajową przeciwko niemieckiemu wojsku w ostatnich dniach okupacji, tuż przed wkroczeniem na ziemie polskie Armii Czerwonej. Rozpoczęła się w styczniu 1944 r. i jej głównym celem było pokazanie władzy radzieckiej, że na wyzwolonych terenach gospodarzami są Polacy. Red Army Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Red Army Armia Czerwona – siły zbrojne Rosji Radzieckiej w latach 1918‐1946. Home Army (AK) Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Home Army (AK) Armia Krajowa (AK) – Siły Zbrojne w Kraju; tajne siły zbrojne Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego w czasie II wojny światowej działające na okupowanych ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Były podporządkowane Naczelnemu Wodzowi. Pierwszym dowódcą został gen. Stefan Grot‐Rowecki. Działała od 14 lutego 1942 do 19 stycznia 1945 r. a liczba zaprzysiężonych członków sięgała 350 tys. (w 1944 r.). Polish Commiee of Naonal Liberaon (PKWN) Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego (PKWN) – marionetkowy i tymczasowy organ władzy wykonawczej Rzeczypospolitej Polski utworzony w 1944 r. utworzony i zdominowany przez komunistów. Działał pod ścisłą kontrolą Stalina. Kresy Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Kresy Kresy Wschodnie – określenie wschodnich terenów Rzeczypospolitej w okresie międzywojennym, stanowiących dzisiaj ziemie należące do Ukrainy, Białorusi i Litwy. Uprising Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Uprising Powstanie – zbrojne wystąpienie ludności przeciwko władzy lub władzy okupacyjnej. Najczęściej celem powstania jest odzyskanie niepodległości lub przyłączenie jego obszaru do innego państwa. W Hour Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: W Hour Godzina W – kryptonim daty wybuchu powstania warszawskiego wyznaczonego na wtorek 1 sierpnia 1944 r. na godz. 17:00. Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: Powstanie Warszawskie Adresat Uczniowie klasy VIII szkoły podstawowej Podstawa programowa XXXIV. Polska pod okupacją niemiecką i sowiecką. Uczeń: 5. wyjaśnia przyczyny i opisuje skutki wybuchu powstania warszawskiego oraz ocenia postawę aliantów i Związku Sowieckiego wobec powstania. Ogólny cel kształcenia Uczeń dowie się o losach Powstania Warszawskiego. Kompetencje kluczowe porozumiewanie się w językach obcych; kompetencje informatyczne; umiejętność uczenia się. Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się: czym była akcja „Burza” i jak przebiegało powstanie warszawskie. Metody/techniki kształcenia podające pogadanka. aktywizujące dyskusja. programowane z użyciem komputera; z użyciem e‐podręcznika. praktyczne ćwiczeń przedmiotowych. Formy pracy praca indywidualna; praca w parach; praca w grupach; praca całego zespołu klasowego. Środki dydaktyczne e‐podręcznik; zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki; tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery. Przebieg zajęć Faza wstępna 1. Prowadzący lekcję podaje temat lekcji, określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu. 2. Nauczyciel odtwarza nagranie abstraktu. Co jakiś czas zatrzymuje je, prosząc uczniów, by opowiedzieli własnymi słowami to, co przed chwilą usłyszeli. W ten sposób uczniowie ćwiczą słuchanie ze zrozumieniem. Faza realizacyjna 1. Lektura treści abstraktu. Nauczyciel wykorzystuje tekst do pracy indywidualnej lub w parach według następujących kroków: 1) pobieżne przejrzenie tekstu, 2) postawienie pytań, 3) dokładne czytanie, 4) streszczenie poszczególnych części tekstu, 5) powtórzenie treści lub przeczytanie całego tekstu. 2. Omówienie informacji przedstawionych na osi czasu. Następnie nauczyciel dzieli klasę na grupy - tyle, ile jest wydarzeń na osi. Każdy zespół opracowuje jedno przydzielone zagadnienie, pogłębiając informacje zawarte w abstrakcie. Następnie uczniowie prezentują swoje omówienia. 3. Nauczyciel wspólnie z uczniami podsumowuje dotychczasowy przebieg zajęć. 4. Uczniowie analizują ilustrację i wykonują Polecenie 2 i Polecenie 3. Aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie, mogą korzystać ze źródeł internetowych lub innych publikacji. Nauczyciel sprawdza poprawność odpowiedzi i udziela uczniom informacji zwrotnej. 5. Uczniowie w parach rozwiązują Ćwiczenie 1. Nauczyciel sprawdza, czy zadanie zostało prawidłowo wykonane, i udziela uczniom informacji zwrotnej. Faza podsumowująca 1. Nauczyciel pyta: Gdyby z przedstawionego na lekcji materiału miała się odbyć kartkówka, jakie pytania waszym zdaniem powinny zostać zadane? Gdyby uczniowie
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    Poland First to Fight Poland First to Fight Bogusław Kopka, Paweł Kosiński Muzeum ii Wojny Światowej Gdańsk 2018 Poland was the first country to firmly resist the brutal expansion of the totalitarian powers that were utterly indifferent to the rights of weaker countries. Poland’s armed resistance to German aggression on September 1, 1939, was a turning point in world politics towards the Third Reich. Contrary to the hopes of Adolf Hitler, on the third day after the commencement of military operations the German attack on Poland transformed into a world war. Two-turret and single turret Vickers E light tanks with crews On September 3, the United Kingdom and France ful- of the 11th armoured battalion filled their commitments to Poland by declaring war during exercises. Rembertowo, on Germany, although for eight months they waged summer, 1939 a strange war (the Phoney War) after passively observ- Photo H. Poddębski, MIIWŚ ing the struggle and military defeat of the Republic of Poland. Two weeks later – in accordance with the Czołgi lekkie Vickers E w wersji jedno i dwuwieżowej z załogami provisions of the Hitler-Stalin Pact (August 23, 1939) – z 11. batalionu pancernego the Soviet Union attacked Poland. w czasie ćwiczeń. Rembertowo, lato 1939 r. The six-year war gradually spilled onto successive con- Fot. H. Poddębski, MIIWŚ tinents and eventually spread to most of the world. The fortunes of the Allied and Axis forces changed many times. The most difficult period for the anti-Hitler coalition was between the summers of 1940 and 1941. 5 The most spectacular shifts of the front were experienced by the USSR, which was forced into the Allied camp by the Germans themselves.
  • A Tangled Web

    A Tangled Web

    REVISED JANUARY 2016 A TANGLED WEB Polish-Jewish Relations in Wartime Northeastern Poland and the Aftermath (PART TWO) Mark Paul PEFINA Press Toronto 2016 © Mark Paul and Polish Educational Foundation in North America (Toronto), 2016 A Tangled Web is a revised and expanded version of an article that appeared in The Story of Two Shtetls, Brańsk and Ejszyszki, Part Two published by The Polish Educational Foundation in North America, 1998 Table of Contents Part Two: Partisan Relations and Warfare Polish Partisans, Jewish Partisans, Soviet Partisans …3 An Overview of Polish-Soviet Wartime Relations …20 Soviet Designs …60 The Spiral Begins …64 Acting on Orders to Eliminate the Polish Partisans …84 Jewish Historiography ..102 Jewish Partisans Join in Soviet Operations Against Polish Partisans ..126 German Raids, the Soviet Peril, and Inhospitable Jews ..160 Local Help, Food Forays and Pillaging ..206 Procuring Arms and Armed Raids ..248 Villagers Defend Themselves Against Raids ..272 The Raids Intensify ..282 2 Part Two: Partisan Relations and Warfare “One should not close one’s eyes to the fact that Home Army units in the Wilno area were fighting against the Soviet partisans for the liberation of Poland. And that is why the Jews who found themselves on the opposing side perished at the hands of Home Army soldiers —as enemies of Poland, and not as Jews.” Yisrael Gutman Historian, Yad Vashem Institute Polish Partisans, Jewish Partisans, Soviet Partisans According to Holocaust historians, the Jews who escaped the Nazi ghettos in northeastern