The Dupont Company the Forgotten Producers of Plutonium
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Does the Planned Obsolescence Influence Consumer Purchase Decison? the Effects of Cognitive Biases: Bandwagon
FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO VIVIANE MONTEIRO DOES THE PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE INFLUENCE CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISON? THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE BIASES: BANDWAGON EFFECT, OPTIMISM BIAS AND PRESENT BIAS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR. SÃO PAULO 2018 VIVIANE MONTEIRO DOES THE PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE INFLUENCE CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS? THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE BIASES: BANDWAGON EFFECT, OPTIMISM BIAS AND PRESENT BIAS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Applied Work presented to Escola de Administraçaõ do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação Getúlio Vargas as a requirement to obtaining the Master Degree in Management. Research Field: Finance and Controlling Advisor: Samy Dana SÃO PAULO 2018 Monteiro, Viviane. Does the planned obsolescence influence consumer purchase decisions? The effects of cognitive biases: bandwagons effect, optimism bias on consumer behavior / Viviane Monteiro. - 2018. 94 f. Orientador: Samy Dana Dissertação (MPGC) - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. 1. Bens de consumo duráveis. 2. Ciclo de vida do produto. 3. Comportamento do consumidor. 4. Consumidores – Atitudes. 5. Processo decisório – Aspectos psicológicos. I. Dana, Samy. II. Dissertação (MPGC) - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. III. Título. CDU 658.89 Ficha catalográfica elaborada por: Isabele Oliveira dos Santos Garcia CRB SP-010191/O Biblioteca Karl A. Boedecker da Fundação Getulio Vargas - SP VIVIANE MONTEIRO DOES THE PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE INFLUENCE CONSUMERS PURCHASE DECISIONS? THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE BIASES: BANDWAGON EFFECT, OPTIMISM BIAS AND PRESENT BIAS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR. Applied Work presented to Escola de Administração do Estado de São Paulo, of the Getulio Vargas Foundation, as a requirement for obtaining a Master's Degree in Management. Research Field: Finance and Controlling Date of evaluation: 08/06/2018 Examination board: Prof. -
The Making of an Atomic Bomb
(Image: Courtesy of United States Government, public domain.) INTRODUCTORY ESSAY "DESTROYER OF WORLDS": THE MAKING OF AN ATOMIC BOMB At 5:29 a.m. (MST), the world’s first atomic bomb detonated in the New Mexican desert, releasing a level of destructive power unknown in the existence of humanity. Emitting as much energy as 21,000 tons of TNT and creating a fireball that measured roughly 2,000 feet in diameter, the first successful test of an atomic bomb, known as the Trinity Test, forever changed the history of the world. The road to Trinity may have begun before the start of World War II, but the war brought the creation of atomic weaponry to fruition. The harnessing of atomic energy may have come as a result of World War II, but it also helped bring the conflict to an end. How did humanity come to construct and wield such a devastating weapon? 1 | THE MANHATTAN PROJECT Models of Fat Man and Little Boy on display at the Bradbury Science Museum. (Image: Courtesy of Los Alamos National Laboratory.) WE WAITED UNTIL THE BLAST HAD PASSED, WALKED OUT OF THE SHELTER AND THEN IT WAS ENTIRELY SOLEMN. WE KNEW THE WORLD WOULD NOT BE THE SAME. A FEW PEOPLE LAUGHED, A FEW PEOPLE CRIED. MOST PEOPLE WERE SILENT. J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER EARLY NUCLEAR RESEARCH GERMAN DISCOVERY OF FISSION Achieving the monumental goal of splitting the nucleus The 1930s saw further development in the field. Hungarian- of an atom, known as nuclear fission, came through the German physicist Leo Szilard conceived the possibility of self- development of scientific discoveries that stretched over several sustaining nuclear fission reactions, or a nuclear chain reaction, centuries. -
Wahlen, R. K. History of 100-B Area
WHC-EP-0273 History of 100-B Area R. K. Wahlen Date Published October 1989 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Management and Administration w Westinghouse P.O. Box 1970 0- Hanford mpany Richland, Washington &I352 Hanford Operations and Engineering Contractor for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-ACO6-87RLlOg30 WHC-EP-0273 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In August 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt that informed him of the work that had been done by Enrico Fermi and L. Szilard on converting energy from the element uranium. He also informed President Roosevelt that there was strong evidence that the Germans were also working on this same development. This letter initiated a program by the United States to develop an atomic bomb. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, under the Department of Defense, was assigned the task. The program, which involved several locations in the United States, was given the code name, Manhattan Project. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (Du Pont) was contracted to build and operate the reactors and chemical separations plants for the production of plutonium. On December 14, 1942, officials of Du Pont met in Wilmington, Delaware, to develop a set of criteria for the selection of a site for the reactors and separations plants. The basic criteria specified four requirements: (1) a large supply of clean water, (2) a large supply of electricity, (3) a large area with low population density, and (4) an area that would cover at least 12 by 16 mi. -
The Hanford Laboratories and the Growth of Environmental Research in the Pacific Northwest
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF D. Erik Ellis for the degree of Master of Science in History of Science, presented on December 17,2002. Title: The Hanford Laboratories and the Growth of Environmental Research in the Pacific Northwest. 1943 to 1965. Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: William G. Robbins The scientific endeavors that took place at Hanford Engineer Works, beginning in World War II and continuing thereafter, are often overlooked in the literature on the Manhattan Project, the Atomic Energy Commission, and in regional histories. To historians of science, Hanford is described as an industrial facility that illustrates the perceived differences between academic scientists on the one hand and industrial scientists and engineers on the other. To historians of the West such as Gerald Nash, Richard White, and Patricia Limerick, Hanford has functioned as an example of the West's transformation during in World War II, the role of science in this transformation, and the recurring impacts of industrialization on the western landscape. This thesis describes the establishment and gradual expansion of a multi-disciplinary research program at Hanford whose purpose was to assess and manage the biological and environmental effects of plutonium production. By drawing attention to biological research, an area in which Hanford scientists gained distinction by the mid 1950s, this study explains the relative obscurity of Hanford's scientific research in relation to the prominent, physics- dominated national laboratories of the Atomic Energy Commission. By the mid 1960s, with growing public concern over radiation exposure and changes in the government's funding patterns for science, Hanford's ecologically relevant research provided a recognizable and valuable identity for the newly independent, regionally-based research laboratory. -
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category Airborne contamination sensor Title Depth Evaluation of Entrained Products (DEEP) Proposed by Create Technologies Ltd & Costain Group PLC 1.DEEP is a sensor analysis software for analysing contamination. DEEP can distinguish between surface contamination and internal / absorbed contamination. The software measures contamination depth by analysing distortions in the gamma spectrum. The method can be applied to data gathered using any spectrometer. Because DEEP provides a means of discriminating surface contamination from other radiation sources, DEEP can be used to provide an estimate of surface contamination without physical sampling. DEEP is a real-time method which enables the user to generate a large number of rapid contamination assessments- this data is complementary to physical samples, providing a sound basis for extrapolation from point samples. It also helps identify anomalies enabling targeted sampling startegies. DEEP is compatible with small airborne spectrometer/ processor combinations, such as that proposed by the ARM-U project – please refer to the ARM-U proposal for more details of the air vehicle. Figure 1: DEEP system core components are small, light, low power and can be integrated via USB, serial or Ethernet interfaces. 小型飛翔体/海外 Figure 2: DEEP prototype software 2.Past experience (plants in Japan, overseas plant, applications in other industries, etc) Create technologies is a specialist R&D firm with a focus on imaging and sensing in the nuclear industry. Createc has developed and delivered several novel nuclear technologies, including the N-Visage gamma camera system. Costainis a leading UK construction and civil engineering firm with almost 150 years of history. -
Mflfihflttflfi PROJECT
MflfiHflTTflfi PROJECT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY The Hanford Site began as part and the reactor stack are the ofthe United States Manhattan only facilities that remain. Project to research, test and build atomic weapons during World War II. Today, the U.S. Department The original 670-square mile ofEnergy (DOE) Richland Hanford Site, then known as Operations Office offers escorted the Hanford Engineer Works, public access to B Reactor along a was the last ofthree top-secret designated tour route. The National sites constructed in order to Park Service (NPS) is studying produce enriched uranium and preservation and interpretation plutonium for the world's first options for sites associated with nuclear weapons. the Manahattan Project. A draft is expected in summer 2009. A final report will recommend whether B Reactor, located about 45 the B Reactor, along with other miles northwest ofRichland, Manhattan Project facilities, should Washington, is the world's first be preserved, and ifso, what roles full-scale nuclear reactor. the DOE, the NPS and community Not only was B Reactor a first partners will play in preservation of-a-kind engineering structure, and public education. it was built and fully functional in just 11 months. Eventually, the shoreline of the Columbia River in south eastern Washington State held nine nuclear reactors at the height ofHanford's nuclear defense production during the Cold War era. The B Reactor was shut down in 1968. During the 1980's, the U.S. Department ofEnergy began removing B Reactor's support facilities. The reactor B Reactor operating in 1945 building, the river pumphouse 2 ! N 200 West 200 East Area Area _1-+....&+04.01 B Reactor today, looking west with Umtanum Ridge in the background MRNHI\TTI\N ~~~.,". -
Hanford B Reactor and Beyond
How DOE and the Tri Cities Community are Working to Redefine Hanford’s Post‐Cleanup Future Colleen French DOE Richland Operations Office Government Programs Manager Hanford • Hanford was created in 1943 as part of the top secret Manhattan Project • 586 square miles • Production of plutonium increased during Cold War (peaking between 1959‐1965) • Hanford produced 2/3 of the nation’s plutonium between 1945‐1985 • Home to the first full‐scale nuclear producon reactor ― B Reactor Complex during operations (1940s‐1960s) the B Reactor, now a National Historic Landmark 2 The Hanford Site • Fuel fabrication and irradiation in nuclear reactors along the Columbia River • Chemical separations in canyon facilities to dissolve fuel and extract plutonium in the Central Plateau • Liquid and solid wastes disposed of in Central Plateau • Eventually, 9 reactors were built and Hanford operated for defense production through 1988 3 Hanford Cleanup Overview Two Department of Energy Offices Office of River Protection • Tank Waste Richland Operations Office • River Corridor • Central Plateau Cleanup Work • Treat contaminated groundwater • Demolish facilities • Move buried waste, contaminated soil away from Columbia River • Isolate contamination from environment on Central Plateau • Treat underground tank waste Workforce • 8,500 total Department of Energy and contractor employees 4 www.em.doe.gov HANFORD SITE CLEANUP 859 waste sites BY THE NUMBERS have been remediated SIX of Hanford’s nine reactors have been “cocooned” 12K cubic meters of underground waste have been removed more reactors will be TWO cocooned in the coming years 49K visitors have toured the B Reactor percent of the site’s spent National Historic fuel has been moved to dry Landmark 100 storage 10 billion gallons of buildings have been demolished contaminated 743 groundwater have been treated 5 What are Hanford’s “Assets”? 6 Hanford Site Post 2015 Cleanup Controlled Access Vision for Access and Use to Some of the Cleaned-up River Shoreline Natural Resource Preservation 1. -
Hanford Site Cleanup Hanford Site Employment*
The U.S. Department of Energy is responsible for one of the largest nuclear Hanford Site Cleanup cleanup efforts in the world, managing the Examples of Before Cleanup Began (1989) legacy of five decades of nuclear weapons Cleanup Work Completed production. At its peak, this national 586-square-mile footprint of • 82-square-mile footprint of active weapons complex consisted of 16 major active cleanup cleanup remaining facilities, including vast reservations of land in the States of Idaho, Nevada, South 2,300 tons of spent nuclear fuel • COMPLETED: Moved all spent fuel Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington. stored near the Columbia River to dry storage Nowhere in the DOE Complex is cleanup more challenging than at the Hanford Site 20 tons of leftover plutonium in • COMPLETED: Stabilized and in southeastern Washington. Hanford the Plutonium Finishing Plant shipped plutonium off-site made more than 20 million pieces of uranium metal fuel for nine nuclear •977 waste sites remediated, reactors along the Columbia River. Five 1,012 waste sites, 522 facilities, 428 facilities demolished, 18 million tons soil/debris removed huge plants in the center of the Hanford 9 plutonium production reactors Site processed 110,000 tons of fuel from near the Columbia River • 6 reactors cocooned (associated the reactors, discharging an estimated 450 facilities demolished) billion gallons of liquids to soil disposal 1 preserved sites and 56 million gallons of radioactive waste to 177 large underground tanks. More than 100 square miles of • 15.6 billion gallons treated, 306 Plutonium production ended in the late groundwater contaminated tons contamination removed 1980s. Hanford cleanup began in 1989, when a • Pumpable liquids and 2 million landmark agreement was reached between 56 million gallons of waste in 177 gallons of solids transferred to DOE, the U.S. -
VC 1978 1 5.Pdf
Under Contract with the U.S. Department of Energy Vol. No. 1 January 5, 1978 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT RESULTS About 9,150 birds of 60 species were spotted in the second annual Fermilab Christmas bird count. The count was conducted Saturday, Dec. 17, by the DuPage Audubon Society. Held in con junction with the national Audubon Society's 78th annual census nationwide, the local tally enlisted 43 volunteer observers, including two Fermilab people. They were: David Carey, Com- puting Department and Hannu Miettinen, Theory . b' d ... Ferm~ ~r -counters were L-R: J. Kumb, Department. R. Johnson, R. Hoger, D. Carey, B. Foster ... Starting at 4 a.m., observers logged 78 hours of bird-counting time. The birders were divided into 11 parties of 4 to 6 persons each; five persons monitored bird feeders during the count. Fermilab was the focal point of the count area: a circle with a radius of seven and one-half miles as far north as Wayne; south to Aurora; east to Winfield; and west to the Fox River Valley. Party-hours comprised 54 on foot, 24 by car and 22 at feeders. Of 425.5 party-miles covered, 367 were by auto and 58.5 on foot. Richard Hoger, staff assistant in the supply division at Argonne National Laboratory, coordinated the count activities. Paul Mooring was the compiler. The Fermilab area was among five Chicago areas where counts were made, Mooring said. Nationally, counters were at work from Dec. 17 to Jan. 2 on one-day counts. Observers were assigned to eight sub-areas in the Laboratory count circle. -
Fuel Geometry Options for a Moderated Low-Enriched Uranium Kilowatt-Class Space Nuclear Reactor T ⁎ Leonardo De Holanda Mencarinia,B,Jeffrey C
Nuclear Engineering and Design 340 (2018) 122–132 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nuclear Engineering and Design journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nucengdes Fuel geometry options for a moderated low-enriched uranium kilowatt-class space nuclear reactor T ⁎ Leonardo de Holanda Mencarinia,b,Jeffrey C. Kinga, a Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines (CSM), 1500 Illinois St, Hill Hall, 80401 Golden, CO, USA b Subdivisão de Dados Nucleares - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEAv), Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, n 1, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil ABSTRACT A LEU-fueled space reactor would avoid the security concerns inherent with Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) fuel and could be attractive to signatory countries of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or commercial interests. The HEU-fueled Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling Technology (KRUSTY) serves as a basis for a similar reactor fueled with LEU fuel. Based on MCNP6™ neutronics performance estimates, the size of a 5 kWe reactor fueled with 19.75 wt% enriched uranium-10 wt% molybdenum alloy fuel is adjusted to match the excess reactivity of KRUSTY. Then, zirconium hydride moderator is added to the core in four different configurations (a homogeneous fuel/moderator mixture and spherical, disc, and helical fuel geometries) to reduce the mass of uranium required to produce the same excess reactivity, decreasing the size of the reactor. The lowest mass reactor with a given moderator represents a balance between the reflector thickness and core diameter needed to maintain the multiplication factor equal to 1.035, with a H/D ratio of 1.81. -
Building Is OPEN Building Is COMPLETE Building Is IN-USE
A B C D E F G E 55TH ST E 55TH ST 1 Campus North Parking Campus North Residential Commons E 52ND ST The Frank and Laura Baker Dining Commons Ratner Stagg Field Athletics Center 5501-25 Ellis Offices - TBD - - TBD - Park Lake S AUG 15 S HARPER AVE Court Cochrane-Woods AUG 15 Art Center Theatre AVE S BLACKSTONE Harper 1452 E. 53rd Court AUG 15 Henry Crown Polsky Ex. Smart Field House - TBD - Alumni Stagg Field Young AUG 15 Museum House - TBD - AUG 15 Building Memorial E 53RD ST E 56TH ST E 56TH ST 1463 E. 53rd Polsky Ex. 5601 S. High Bay West Campus Max Palevsky Commons Max Palevsky Commons Max Palevsky Commons Cottage (2021) Utility Plant AUG 15 Michelson High (West) Energy (Central) (East) 55th, 56th, 57th St Grove Center for Metra Station Physics Physics Child Development TAAC 2 Center - Drexel Accelerator Building Medical Campus Parking B Knapp Knapp Medical Regenstein Library Center for Research William Eckhardt Biomedical Building AVE S KENWOOD Donnelley Research Mansueto Discovery Library Bartlett BSLC Center Commons S Lake Park S MARYLAND AVE S MARYLAND S DREXEL BLVD AVE S DORCHESTER AVE S BLACKSTONE S KIMBARK AVE S UNIVERSITY AVE AVE S WOODLAWN S ELLIS AVE Bixler Park Pritzker Need two weeks to transition School of Biopsychological Medicine Research Building E 57TH ST E 57TH ST - TBD - Rohr Chabad Neubauer Collegium- TBD - Center for Care and Discovery Gordon Center for Kersten Anatomy Center - TBD - Integrative Science Physics Hitchcock Hall Cobb Zoology Hutchinson Quadrangle - TBD - Gate Club Institute of- PoliticsTBD - Snell -
Preparing for Nuclear Waste Transportation
Preparing for Nuclear Waste Transportation Technical Issues that Need to Be Addressed in Preparing for a Nationwide Effort to Transport Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste A Report to the U.S. Congress and the Secretary of Energy September 2019 U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board This page intentionally left blank. U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Preparing for Nuclear Waste Transportation Technical Issues That Need to Be Addressed in Preparing for a Nationwide Effort to Transport Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste A Report to the U.S. Congress and the Secretary of Energy September 2019 This page intentionally left blank. U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Jean M. Bahr, Ph.D., Chair University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Steven M. Becker, Ph.D. Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia Susan L. Brantley, Ph.D. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania Allen G. Croff, Nuclear Engineer, M.B.A. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, Ph.D. University of California Irvine, Irvine, California Tissa Illangasekare, Ph.D., P.E. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado Kenneth Lee Peddicord, Ph.D., P.E. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Paul J. Turinsky, Ph.D. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina Mary Lou Zoback, Ph.D. Stanford University, Stanford, California Note: Dr. Linda Nozick of Cornell University served as a Board member from July 28, 2011, to May 9, 2019. During that time, Dr. Nozick provided valuable contributions to this report. iii This page intentionally left blank. U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Staff Executive Staff Nigel Mote Executive Director Neysa Slater-Chandler Director of Administration Senior Professional Staff* Bret W.