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Wangchuck Centennial National Park Department of Forests and Park DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION THREATS OF BHUTAN TAKIN IN WANGCHUCK CENTENNIAL NATIONAL PARK BUMTHANG Wangchuck Centennial National Park Department of Forests and Park Services 2016 Distribution and conservation threats of Bhutan Takin in Wangchuck Centennial National Park Bumthang Report by Wangchuck Centennial National Park 2016 iii Foreword Wangchuck Centennial National Park covering an area of 4914 km2 in the north-central region of the country extends from cool broadleaf forest to alpine meadows, spanning an altitude range over 2500m to above 500m. The park is home to rich floral and faunal diversity comprising over 693 species of vascular plants, 43 mammals, 250 bird species and more than 156 species of butterflies. Among the mammal species, we have some iconic species which require adequate studies and research for conservation and protection. The presence of Bhutan Takin (Budorcas whitei) was recorded in the park, the detail field study and research to get detail information had been long overdue. Therefore, this first field report with one time data collection is limited in scope to WCNP; however, it will be the baseline information on distribution and conservation threats. This report is published with intention to share information not only to conservationists, but also to general to get overview of Takin conservation in WCNP and the country at large. I believe in strong coordination and partnership between general public, particularly people residing inside protected areas and the protected area management in getting better results from conservation programs. With outmost sincerity and pleasure I am looking forward that this report will provide some information and guidance for further, planning and implementation of conservation program related to Takin. I further, assure that more detailed studies on the ecology, habitat use and migratory routes of Takin in WCNP will be carried out hereafter. (Tshering Dhendup) Chief Forestry Officer iii v Acknowledgement The management of Wangchuck Centennial National Park would like to heartily thank Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation (HANAS) for generous financial support in conducting this field study. The efforts and commitments of staff working with three range offices under WCNP during the field data collection has played vital role in success of this study. The management appreciates and recognizes the effort of all and would like sincerely thank everyone for their hard work and commitments. The contribution and support from all the section heads and staff stationed at park headquarter were remarkable and management would like to thank all for their support and valuable contributions. The management would like to specifically acknowledge IDMS and CDEES section heads for their efforts in coordination of the study from planning, data and compilation of this study report. Lastly our sincere thanks go to all the respondents and local residents who assisted our field staff during the survey, your support and cooperation has meant a lot in successful completion of this field study. v vii Table of contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................1 2. Literature review ......................................................................2 3. Methods ....................................................................................3 3.1 Potential habitat ........................................................................ 3 3.2 Field survey ............................................................................... 4 3.3 Questionnaire survey ............................................................... 5 4. Result and discussion...............................................................6 4.1 General perception of park residence .................................... 6 4.2 Population trend ....................................................................... 6 4.3 Distribution and habitat types ................................................ 7 4.4 Conservation threats ................................................................ 9 5. Conclusion .............................................................................11 6. Reference ................................................................................13 List of figures Figure 1: Map showing potential habitat of Bhutan Takin ................... 4 Figure 2: Random selection of grids for field data collection .............. 5 Figure 3: Plot layout along transects ....................................................... 5 Figure 4: Respondent’s knowledge on Takin .......................................... 6 Figure 5: People’s perception on population trend ............................... 7 Figure 6: Takin captured in Camera trap in Mangdiphu and Pasamlung area .................................................................................. 8 Figure 7: Google image showing points of Takin evidences ................ 9 Figure 8: Percent of evidences recorded in different forest types........ 9 Figure 9: Threat assessment based on field data and respondents perception .......................................................................... 10 Figure 10: Threat assessment based on individual geogs and Range ...................................................................................... 11 vii 1 1. Introduction hutan’s forest is a home to so many flora and fauna diversity owing to its varied forest types and this is further backed by the article 5 of the constitution of the country which states to maintain 60% of its geographical area in forest cover for Ball times to come. Environmental Conservation is one of the pillars of GNH; country’s development philosophy. As a developing country, conservation of environment and floral and faunal diversity is given priority over other development activities. Since the inception of developmental plans in the country, protection of forest and wildlife was considered a priority by our farsighted leaders and implemented several programs in protection and conservation of natural resources and wildlife. Establishment of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and strict nature reserves in the country to protect important wildlife and plant species has played significant role in environment conservation front. Bhutan is known for rich biodiversity and received several internationals awards for its conservation affords. Over the years government has established ten protected areas and biological corridors connecting the protected areas. Among the ten protected areas Wangchuck Centennial National Parks (WCNP) is the largest and most recently established national park. The Wangchuck Centennial National Park was established in 2008 and covers an area of 4914 sq. km. in north central region of the country and has recorded a number of wild animals, plants and birds. The biodiversity survey conducted during the establishment and formulation of management plan has recorded the presence of several iconic wildlife species including Tiger (Panthera tigris), Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia), Tibetan Wolf (Canis lupus), Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) and Bhutan Takin (Budorcas whitei). The presence of iconic wildlife species reflects the 1 richness of biodiversity and habitat types through varying forest types and altitudinal range from 2500 m.a.s.l. to more than 5000 m.a.s.l. The biodiversity survey reported the presence of Bhutan Takin in WCNP, however, proper habitat and locations of the animals are important for the management to target interventions and protect this flagship species. Over the years no specific programs were implemented to properly record the presence and the conservation threats to the species. Knowledge of park residence about the iconic wildlife species might play equal role of park in protection and conservation, therefore, understanding local knowledge and filling the information and knowledge gaps are crucial for local people to take part in conservation. The provision to conduct field study on big mammals within WCNP was included in the program through financial support from HANAS project (Enhance park biodiversity database for informed decision). WCNP has already carried out research on other species with the aim of achieving goals on the conservation of wildlife and to keep records of reliable data for future reference. WCNP lack information on Bhutan Takin, mainly on the places and habitat type and conservations threats within the park, in light of this it was decided to conduct field survey on the distribution, habitat type and conservation threats of Bhutan Takin. It is aimed at aiding the management in decision making and planning future activities; protection of the species and habitats. 2 3 2. Literature review he Bhutan Takin Budorcas taxicolor whitei, fall under Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Bovidae, Subfamily: Caprinae, Genus: Budorcas, Species: taxicolor and the subspecies: whitei(Sharma et al. 2015). According to Neas Tand Hoffmann (1987), as stated in (Wangchuk et al. 2015)the Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) are of four subspecies: Mishmi Takin (B. t. taxicolor), Bhutan Takin (B. t. whitei), Shichuan Takin (B. t. tibetana) and Shaanxi or Golden Takin (B. t. bedfordi) which are listed as rare and vulnerable. However, four subspecies are now considered as a full species (Sangay et al. 2016). The four species of Budorcas taxicolor area threatened bovid native to the temperate and subtropical forests in eastern Asia and are primarily distributed
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