Capitolo 2. I Sacri Monti Di Piemonte E Lombardia

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Capitolo 2. I Sacri Monti Di Piemonte E Lombardia POLITECNICO DI TORINO Collegio di Ingegneria Edile Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Edile Tesi di Laurea Magistrale HBIM e GIS 3D per la gestione del patrimonio architettonico: il caso del Sacro Monte di Varallo Relatore Prof. Andrea Maria Lingua Correlatori Candidata Arch. Francesca Matrone Prof. Marco Zerbinatti Isabella Palazzo Luglio 2020 Indice ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUZIONE ....................................................................................................... 2 1 PATRIMONIO CULTURALE: RISORSA DA VALORIZZARE E TRASMETTERE ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1 PROGETTO MAIN10ANCE ................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Tecnologie e strumenti ............................................................................................... 6 1.1.2 Presupposti per un database interoperabile e multi-scala: analisi degli Standard ..... 7 1.1.3 Progettazione di un database ................................................................................... 12 Modello concettuale di Main10ance ................................................................................................. 13 Modello logico di Main10ance ......................................................................................................... 14 2 I SACRI MONTI DI PIEMONTE E LOMBARDIA ..................................... 17 2.1 IL SACRO MONTE DI VARALLO SESIA .............................................................. 21 2.1.1 La storia ................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.2 Manutenzione e conservazione ................................................................................ 30 2.1.3 Cappella 17- La Trasfigurazione di Gesù sul Monte Tabor ..................................... 32 3 IL RILIEVO DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE ....................................... 36 3.1 TECNICHE DI RILEVAMENTO ............................................................................. 38 3.1.1 Il rilievo topografico ................................................................................................ 38 L’acquisizione dei dati tramite rilievo topografico al Sacro Monte di Varallo ................................. 41 3.1.2 Il rilievo tramite tecnica LIDAR .............................................................................. 46 L’acquisizione dei dati tramite tecnica LIDAR al Sacro Monte di Varallo ...................................... 51 3.1.3 Rilievo fotogrammetrico .......................................................................................... 53 Acquisizione dei dati tramite UAV al Sacro Monte di Varallo ......................................................... 56 4 ELABORAZIONE DEI DATI ......................................................................... 61 4.1 ELABORAZIONE DEI DATI ACQUISITI DAL RILIEVO TOPOGRAFICO ................... 61 4.2 ELABORAZIONE DEI DATI ACQUISITI CON LASER SCANNER ............................... 64 4.2.1 Il software Faro Scene ............................................................................................. 64 4.2.2 Importazione delle scansioni in Faro Scene ............................................................ 64 4.2.3 Divisione ed estrazione delle scansioni “Tribu” ...................................................... 65 4.2.4 Collocazione delle scansioni .................................................................................... 67 Collocazione delle scansioni per forma ............................................................................................ 68 Registrazione dei marker .................................................................................................................. 69 I Collocazione delle scansioni basata sui target .................................................................................. 70 4.2.5 Risultati scansione e Tensione dei Target ................................................................ 71 4.2.6 Colorazione delle scansioni ed esportazione delle nuvole di punti .......................... 73 4.2.7 Il software CloudCompare ....................................................................................... 75 4.2.8 Pulizia e Unione delle nuvole di punti ..................................................................... 75 4.2.9 Filtraggio .................................................................................................................. 78 4.3 ELABORAZIONE DEI DATI ACQUISITI TRAMITE TECNICA FOTOGRAMMETRICA 80 4.4 NUVOLA LASER SCANNER E NUVOLA FOTOGRAMMETRICA A CONFRONTO ....... 81 4.4.1 Cloud to cloud Distance ........................................................................................... 85 Muro perimetrale cappella 17 ........................................................................................................... 87 Lanterna cappella 17 ......................................................................................................................... 88 4.4.2 Confronto della densità ............................................................................................ 88 4.5 PREPARAZIONE DELLA NUVOLA DI PUNTI PER LA MODELLAZIONE .................. 91 4.5.1 Taglio e unione delle nuvole da laser scanner e da fotogrammetria........................ 91 4.5.2 Suddivisione della nuvola di punti in sottoregioni ................................................... 92 4.5.3 Esportazione delle sottoregioni della nuvola di punti .............................................. 93 Il software Autodesk ReCap Pro ....................................................................................................... 93 Importazione ed esportazione tramite ReCap Pro ............................................................................ 93 5 LA MODELLAZIONE TRIDIMENSIONALE ............................................. 95 5.1 LA METODOLOGIA BIM .................................................................................... 95 5.2 LA METODOLOGIA HBIM ................................................................................. 98 5.2.1 Modellazione della Cappella 17 con Autodesk Revit ............................................... 99 Il software Autodesk Revit .............................................................................................................. 100 5.2.2 Modello federato esistente e importazione della nuvola di punti ........................... 101 5.2.3 Le famiglie di sistema nel modello ........................................................................ 103 5.2.4 Le famiglie locali nel modello ............................................................................... 106 5.2.5 Le famiglie caricabili nel modello ......................................................................... 109 5.2.6 Modellazione della volta ........................................................................................ 112 5.2.7 Scostamento del modello BIM dalla nuvola di punti ............................................. 113 5.2.8 Modellazione dell’unità volumetrica costituente la Cappella 17 ........................... 117 5.2.9 Inserimento del modello della cappella 17 nel modello federato esistente del Sacro Monte di Varallo .................................................................................................................. 117 6 IL NUOVO MODELLO FEDERATO .......................................................... 119 6.1 REALIZZAZIONE DEL MODELLO DIGITALE DEL TERRENO ............................. 119 6.1.1 Realizzazione del modello digitale del terreno tramite CloudCompare ................. 120 6.1.2 Realizzazione del modello digitale del terreno tramite 3DReshaper ..................... 122 Il Software 3DReshaper .................................................................................................................. 122 Realizzazione del modello digitale del terreno conclusivo ............................................................. 122 II 6.2 INSERIMENTO DEL DTM E DELLA CAPPELLA 17 NEL NUOVO MODELLO FEDERATO DEL SACRO MONTE DI VARALLO .............................................................. 124 7 L’INTEROPERABILITÀ .............................................................................. 128 7.1 GIS ................................................................................................................. 128 7.1.1 Il software ArcGIS ................................................................................................. 129 7.2 INTEROPERABILITÀ DBMS-HBIM E DBMS-GIS .......................................... 130 7.2.1 Test di interoperabilità tra i software Revit e PostgreSQL ..................................... 132 Struttura del database generato in ambiente BIM e creazione dei parametri condivisi .................. 135 7.2.2 Test di interoperabilità tra i software Revit e Microsoft SQL Server ..................... 137 7.2.3 Test di interoperabilità tra i software Revit e Microsoft Access ............................. 140 7.2.4 Test di interoperabilità tra i software Microsoft SQL Server e ArcGIS Desktop .... 142 7.2.5 Test di interoperabilità tra i software Microsoft Access e ArcGIS Desktop ........... 145 7.3 IMPLEMENTAZIONE DEL DATABASE DI MAIN10ANCE...................................... 146 7.4 VISUALIZZAZIONE DEL PROGETTO
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