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The Southern Patriot, April 1968

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Yol. 26, No. 4 The Southern PATRIOT April, 1968 Published by the Southern Conference Educational Fund (SCEF), Louisville, Ky. Bat ground £to<8vfc* 0J?£ frt rn F o r Murder'CAc >BERT ANALAVAGE (Assistant Editor) MEMPHIS, Tenn.—This city, where Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated on April 4, has been living a lie— as all U.S. cities are living a lie. Memphis bills itself as “the City of Good Abode.” It crows about its integrated public accommodations and con- stantly reminds visitors that these were achieved without the necessity or “bother” of marches and demonstrations. But beyond window dressing, Memphis treats its black citizens with the same contempt that most of white America has for black people everywhere. The issue that brought Dr. King to town, posterity must never forget, was a simple strike by a group of garbage collectors who were not asking for civil rights, or housing in a white area, or human dignity. All they wanted was a decent wage for a disagree- able service they perform for the public. Dr. King came to town to focus attention on the strikers’ griev- ances, by leading another of those massive marches he has led in the past. YOUTHS ERUPT IN VIOLENCE and break into stores which they feel have been getting rich off black people for generations (photos by Ernest Withers). Disorder Erupts The march, never really well organized, went about five blocks before chaos and disorder erupted. A group of youths broke ranks Kentuckians and began breaking windows and running off with goods for which store owners had overcharged them for. years. Bring Suit to King immediately halted the march. He was whisked away by several local ministers. Abolish KUAC “He didn’t really have a choice,” the Rev. James L. Lawson told (By Staff Correspondent) the Patriot. “ We were the ones who decided to get him off the streets. FRANKFORT, Ky.—Many We feared for his safety.” Then, Mr. Lawson said, “we succeeded in groups and individuals are turning the main body of the march back to the church.” The young people, their numbers now about 300, engaged in joining a fight to stop the pitched battles with the police. The air was filled with flying bottles, Kentucky Un-American Ac- 'Tricks," ancFanythTn^el^That couId be thrbwn. Police" attacked The' youths with clubs and sprayed MACE, an anti-riot gas, and tear gas tivities Committee (KUAC) freely. Then the police turned these weapons on anyone with a black from operating. skin. Innocent by-standers, trying desperately to get out of their KUAC, which Kentuckians call way, were maced and beaten unmercifully. “ Quack,” was set up by the 1968 The marchers hurried back to Clayborn Temple and sought refuge inside. These were people who had not taken part in any of the General Assembly to investigate violence. Nevertheless, the police invaded the church, spraying the “subversive groups and persons.” people with tear gas pellets, and beating them with clubs. SCEF and its executive direc- “ They were like the gestapo,” Mr. Lawson said. tors, Anne and Carl Braden, were named as special targets, but Payne is Murdered other civil-rights and community Larry Payne, a 19-year-old suspected of looting, was ordered to organizations see the danger to come out of a building. He emerged with his hands up. According to all of them. a number of witnesses I spoke to, a policeman thrust a shotgun into Several have joined in a suit in the youth’s stomach and pulled the trigger. Payne died immediately. U.S. District Court to stop Gov. Several stores were burned and looted. There seemed to be a Louie B. Nunn from appointing pattern. The stores hit hardest were the pawn shops and easy-credit 10 members of the Assembly to merchants that prey on the economic miseries of the poor and under- serve on KUAC. paid. Businesses owned by William Loeb, the mayor’s brother, were Their suit charges that actions also badly damaged. Loeb, along with singer Pat Boone, owns about MARCH BEGINS, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., on behalf of striking garbage workers. On April 16 an agreement was reached. It of the committee “will have a 65 establishments in the Memphis ghetto. chilling effect upon the exercise The city and the state responded to the outbreak with massive includes recognition of the union, checkoff of union dues through a credit union, and a 15<* an hour pay raise. International union officers of First Amendment freedoms, police force. The city was no longer a city, but a military war zone. including the right to dissent from A curfew was slapped on. Liquor stores were closed. Beale Street, advised the men to accept it—and, at an emotional strike meeting, they all rose to vote YES. the policies of local, state, and a symbol of black culture for the Deep South, was closed down. national governments.” Helicopters buzzed the ghetto, tanks and armored personnel cars The fight against KUAC began rolled through the streets. National Guardsmen with fixed bayonets, along with state troopers brandishing shotguns, and dogs patrolled. before the Kentucky House and Black people were caught in a web of fear and stayed off the streets. Senate voted on the resolution On King’ s Death setting it up. Those who ventured out regretted it. Beatings and intimidation Following is a statement by SCEF on the assassination of Rep. Norbert Blume, a leader in were frequent. The police arrested and charged anyone they took a Dr. Martin L. King Jr. in Memphis, Tenn., on April U: mind to. the Teamsters’ Union, led efforts James E. Swearengen, a black lawyer who defended many of those “It is not enough to mourn. White America must search its to kill the resolution in the House. arrested, told me that “Judges accepted testimony from police with- soul and understand why this happened. It might not have He told the House: “ This type of out question. People were jailed and then charged with ridiculous happened if all the people (including high U.S. officials) who thing has worked to the detri- crimes. In one instance, a Negro policeman arrested four youths for have been shouting about ‘crime in the streets’ and blaming black ment of labor groups seeking to a curfew violation. When they appeared in court the next day, they people for the crisis we face had been trying to stop the real organize against substandard were charged with disorderly conduct and breach of the peace. The crime in the streets—the crime of white racism. wages and it has worked against Negro policeman rose in court and asked: “ Who filed those charges? “As for us, we will intensify the work we have long been the civil-rights movement.” I didn’t.” The case was dismissed. doing:—reaching white people and helping them to find a way A determined fight was also Joseph Gray was one of many people beaten unjustly. He is a 25- out of the dead-end philosophy of racism. We rededicate our- carried on by Mrs. Georgia Davis year-old musician who has played with big-time groups such as selves to the goals for which Dr. King was working:—an end of Louisville, the first black Jimmy Taylor and Sam Cooke. to the war in Vietnam and the mobilization of our nation’s woman to serve in the Kentucky “ I have a little group and we had a gig over in Forest City, Ark. resources to serve the needs of its people.” Senate. During the closing hours But my organ player was sick and I went down to this club to see SCEF was represented at Dr. King’s funeral in Atlanta on of the Legislature, Mrs. Davis about getting another one. When I got to the club it was padlocked. April 9 by its president, the Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth; his made a moving speech in which I turned around to leave and this cop came up and hit me. Then wife, Mrs. Ruby Shuttlesworth; its executive director, Carl she said: several more of them came and beat up on me and I fell to the ground. Braden, and several members of its board of directors. Mr. “ These committees always say They just left me there.” Shuttlesworth is also secretary of the Southern Christian Lead- that their purpose is to investi- Gray was taken to a hospital, where he received 45 stitches. When ership Conference (SCLC), of which Dr. King was president. gate for subversion and corn- continued on Page 5) (Continued on Page 5) 2 THE SOUTHERN PATRIOT The Month in Review: Campuses Explode Dr. King’s assassination and ism is slackening. the general turmoil that followed Three white men shot into the have hidden the fact that there back of a car in Wacissa, Fla., killing A. C. Huggins, 18; Curtis was a good deal of upheaval E. Harris, 23, a suspected bank across the South last month—on robber, was killed by pursuing the campus, by labor, in the jury- N.C. police; a black serviceman box. was shot to death in the Fayette- ville, N.C. bus terminal February * * * 17; Arthur Jones Hill died after he was shot in Charlotte, N.C. by Students took over administra- arresting police. tion buildings at Howard, Fayet- Draft convictions: Cleve Sellers teville State and Virginia Union; of SNCC (no sentence has yet they boycotted classes and picket- been set); Harold Foster, 26- “'The Crafts of Freedom 93 ed at Virginia State and Tuske- year-old Negro from Durham, NEW YORK, N.Y.— “ Liberty House” proclaims write to Liberty House, P.O.
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