DOCSLIB.ORG

Fumitory Fumaria Muralis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fumitory Fumaria Muralis Pasture Weed Watch BROUGHT TO YOU BY FUMITORY FUMARIA MURALIS Why is it a weed? It competes with plants for sunlight and nutrients and can cause severe lodging* in certain crops. Where is it found? All over New Zealand. Is it toxic? Wikimedia Commons Martin Javier Photo: Possibly. Reports are sketchy at best but it does contain a number of alkaloids that would be toxic in overdose. Alternative Uses? The word fumitory has Has some uses as a herbal an interesting Latin root medicine, but be careful – see – it means ‘smoke of the above! earth’. I’m not sure why it got that name – it may be because of its tendency to choke out other plants. If anyone does know why, let me know! MILTON MUNRO Photo: BidgeeWikimedia Commons umitory is a particularly nasty It is used in a number of herbal sucker. In fact I would go so far as medicines but you should be careful How to control it to say it is one weed I really detest. with it as it contains a number of nasty Controlling fumitory is easy in a garden F In the early years of my career alkaloids that can have toxic side effects. but somewhat difficult in a crop. Its I spent a lot of time walking the cereal Fumitory is relatively straight-forward weak stem makes fumitory very easy crops of North Otago. This weed was the to identify. The first giveaway clue is to extract by hand – pulling is easy, bane of their paddocks, climbing up the its stem. It has a weak fleshy stem that effective and very satisfying. It can also crops and dragging (lodging)* them down cannot support the weight of the plant. be controlled with the use of glyphosate. to the ground. It creeps along the ground until it finds In a cereal or pasture, fumitory Fumitory is an annual weed found another plant it can climb up and sprawl control can be more problematic. It is commonly all over New Zealand. It’s all over. This is what causes the damage in resistant to a number of chemicals but originally native to Europe but has spread cereal crops and it’s this sprawling weed in a pinch MCPA does a good job of all around the globe and is pretty much mass that causes the crop to fall over, controlling fumitory when the plants are found everywhere. making harvesting very difficult. small. However, remember that MCPA Fumitory is a member of the Initially it produces three small pale will be very hard on your clover. Papaveraceae or poppy family, but the green leaflets at branching points along Keep the emails coming – I love to name actually applies to over 40 different the stem. These leaves soon become hear from you all! n species of plant. The best known is single leaflets as the plant grows. Fumaria muralis or scrambling fumitory. The flowers of fumitory are very distinctive. They produce about a dozen DO YOU NEED HELP WITH white/pink florets with a distinctive purple A WEED PROBLEM? MILTON MUNRO is a soil and plant colouring at the end of them. If anyone has a request for a scientist for rural supply company Fumitory is a particularly aggressive particular weed they would like PGG Wrightson. He looks at common seeder, producing many seeds with very to know more about please don’t pasture weeds you’ll find on your high viability and longevity in the soil. If hesitate to let Milton know: block and how to deal with them. fumitory is allowed to seed in a paddock [email protected] then you are stuck with it for a long time. www.nzlifestyleblock.co.nz 33 Pasture weed watch_nov14.indd 33 5/10/14 8:45 pm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band
    Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Contents Introduction 1 Purpose of the list 1 Limitations 1 Relationship to statutory lists 1 Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 Categories of environmental weeds 5 Arrangement of the list 5 Column 1: Botanical Name 5 Column 2: Common Name 5 Column 3: Ranking Score 5 Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 Statistics 5 Further information & feedback 6 Your involvement 6 Links 6 Weed identification texts 6 Citation 6 Acknowledgments 6 Bibliography 6 Census reference 6 Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 7 Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 19 Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 31 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria i Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, March2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of South Australia 5Th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann
    Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann PAPAVERACEAE (partly)1 Neville G. Walsh2 (subfam. Fumarioideae) & Jürgen Kellermann3 (family description) Herbaceous annuals or perennials, sometimes becoming shrubby as the inflorescence develops; most parts of the plant produce latex and contain alkaloids, leaves entire and often deeply dissected, pinnately or palmately compound, exstipulate. Inflorescence cymose or racemose, often a thyrse with leaf-like or membranous bracts; flowers bisexual, sepals 2 or 3, caducous; petals 4 or 6; stamens 4, 6 or numerous; ovary superior, carpels 2 or 3 or numerous (not in S.A.); in FUMARIOIDEAE : flowers either almost regular with petals in 2 whorls of differently shaped petals, stamens 4 (Hypecoum only), or flowers zygomorphic with sepals 2, in a lateral position, usually the same colour and texture as the corolla, and petals 4, in two whorls, with the 2 lateral ones being the inner ones, with the large dorsal one pouched or spurred at the base (with nectary scale), stamens 6, joined in an anterior and a posterior bundle, each consisting of 3 stamens, ovary surmounted by a style with a terminal 2- or 3-fid stigma, carpels 2, ovule 1 or more (outside S.A.); in PA P AVEROIDEAE : flowers regular, stamens numerous, ovary unilocular with numerous ovules; flowers regular, sepals caducous, stamens 4, ovary unilocular with numerous ovules. Fruit a capsule opening by valves or pores; seeds with small embryo, endosperm mealy or oily. Poppies, fumitories. The family is distributed throughout the temperate N hemisphere with some species in E Africa and S America; often grow in open areas or disturbed sites.
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
    12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon).
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report Series No. 287 Advisory List of Environmental Weeds in Victoria
    Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria M. White, D. Cheal, G.W. Carr, R. Adair, K. Blood and D. Meagher April 2018 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning PO Box 137 Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Phone (03) 9450 8600 Website: www.ari.vic.gov.au Citation: White, M., Cheal, D., Carr, G. W., Adair, R., Blood, K. and Meagher, D. (2018). Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria. Front cover photo: Ixia species such as I. maculata (Yellow Ixia) have escaped from gardens and are spreading in natural areas. (Photo: Kate Blood) © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning logo and the Arthur Rylah Institute logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Printed by Melbourne Polytechnic, Preston Victoria ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (pdf)) ISBN 978-1-76077-000-6 (print) ISBN 978-1-76077-001-3 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • 262 #304 Norton.Indd
    Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.26(2) 2011 57 recorded. In a survey of canola (Brassica napus L.) crops, Lemerle et al. (1999), found Association between environmental factors and the fumitory in 42% of the fields. Indeed, it is possible that the substantial increase in the occurrence of six fumitory species (Fumaria spp. L.) area sown to canola across this zone in the in southern-eastern Australia last 20 years may be associated with the in- creasing incidence of fumitory. There are Gertraud M. NortonA,B, Deirdre LemerleC, James E. PratleyA,C and Mark R. two factors that may be related to this in- A,C,D creased fumitory incidence. Firstly, there Norton are no herbicides capable of selectively re- A School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga moving fumitory from canola, and second- Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia. ly, if fumitory seed is harvested together B Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, GPO Box 858, Canberra, with canola, its similar size precludes the ACT 2601, Australia. possibility of decontaminating the canola C EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between CSU seedlot. This scenario indicates that canola and NSW DPI), Private Mail Bag, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, seedlots might be a means whereby fumi- Australia. tory is spread further across the cropping D NSW Department of Primary Industries, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT zone and indeed fumitory has been found in canola seedlots (Norton 2003). 2601, Australia. Email: [email protected] The work reported here is apparently the first attempt to survey exclusively the distribution of this genus anywhere in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
    Photograph: Helen Owens © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia Department of All rights reserved Environment, Copyright of illustrations might reside with other institutions or Water and individuals. Please enquire for details. Natural Resources Contact: Dr Jürgen Kellermann Editor, Flora of South Australia (ed. 5) State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia email: [email protected] Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann PAPAVERACEAE (partly)1 Neville G. Walsh2 (subfam. Fumarioideae) & Jürgen Kellermann3 (family description) Herbaceous annuals or perennials, sometimes becoming shrubby as the inflorescence develops; most parts of the plant produce latex and contain alkaloids, leaves entire and often deeply dissected, pinnately or palmately compound, exstipulate. Inflorescence cymose or racemose, often a thyrse with leaf-like or membranous bracts; flowers bisexual, sepals 2 or 3, caducous; petals 4 or 6; stamens 4, 6 or numerous; ovary superior, carpels 2 or 3 or numerous (not in S.A.); in FUMARIOIDEAE : flowers either almost regular with petals in 2 whorls of differently shaped petals, stamens 4 (Hypecoum only), or flowers zygomorphic with sepals 2, in a lateral position, usually the same colour and texture as the corolla, and petals 4, in two whorls, with the 2 lateral ones being the inner ones, with the large dorsal one pouched or spurred at the base (with nectary scale), stamens 6, joined in an anterior and a posterior bundle, each consisting of 3 stamens, ovary surmounted by a style with a terminal 2- or 3-fid stigma, carpels 2, ovule 1 or more; in PA P AVEROIDEAE : flowers regular, stamens numerous, ovary unilocular with numerous ovules; flowers regular, sepals caducous, stamens 4, ovary unilocular with numerous ovules.
    [Show full text]
  • Beneficial Insects in Furrowed Field Margins
    Beneficial insects in furrowed field margins Summary of a project by visiting student Benjamin Lepers, AgroParisTech France, Summer 2015 Agroecology group, James Hutton Institute, DS2 5DA, Dundee, UK In summer 2015, the Hutton hosted a visit by undergraduate student Benjamin Lepers from AgroParisTech. He was here to learn about vegetation and insect life in farmland. His first task was to complete a survey of plant species in different types of vegetation on the Mylnefield Farm, including land under cereal crops, grassy field margins, furrowed margins, taller mixed vegetation and hedges. The furrowed margins supported the largest number of plant species: 35-40 could be found in a brief survey. The furrowed margins – an idea developed on this farm – are called ‘Magic Margins’ and recently won awards for conservation and biodiversity (see News on the Hutton/LEAF web site). Sampling vegetation and insects on the furrowed margins The next aim was to examine recently formed furrowed margins to see how the vegetation varied on a small scale (e.g. over a few metres) and whether the proportions of plant species influenced the insects that live there. The margins supported different patches of vegetation, from 0.5 x 0.5 m up to 2 x 2 m, that arose naturally from the soil seedbank after furrowing. Three types were chosen for study: patches consisting of only grass species, those consisting of only fumitory species, mostly Fumaria officinalis and Fumaria muralis, and those of mixed broadleaf or dicotyledonous species which included Viola arvensis, Myosotis arvensis and Lamium amplexicaule. (The fumitories were the most common plant in these margins and tended to form dense clumps that excluded other broadleaf species).
    [Show full text]
  • Flowers of Italy's Gargano Peninsula
    Flowers of Italy's Gargano Peninsula Naturetrek Tour Report 15 - 22 April 2019 Ophrys scolopax ssp cornuta Orchis pauciflora Ophrys tenthredinifera Alpine Swift at Peschici Glanville Fritillary Report and images by Andrew Cleave Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Flowers of Italy's Gargano Peninsula Tour participants: Andrew Cleave & Andrew Bray (leaders) with nine Naturetrek clients. Summary We managed to fit plenty of sites and lots of plants into our week in the “Orchid Capital of Europe”, visiting a good variety of plant-rich habitats ranging from breezy coastal salt marshes and limestone sea cliffs to typical Mediterranean stony hillsides, olive groves and shady woodlands. The orchids did not fail to delight, and we found a superb selection of species during the week. The non-orchid flora was equally attractive with showy displays of Narcissi, Wild Tulips, Anemones and Irises, and plenty of the usual Mediterranean species in all the areas we visited. We were fortunate in that most of the locations we looked at were almost deserted and we were able to explore beautiful woodlands and open glades with only bird-song and cow-bells to be heard. Butterflies were spotted at most of the sites we visited, and there were plenty of other interesting insects to be found as well. Although we spent most of our time looking down at the plants, we did manage to produce a very good bird list with some exciting coastal species seen, as well as the more usual Mediterranean birds of stony hillsides and dark forests.
    [Show full text]
  • (Fumaria Parviflora Lam) (Fineleaf Fumitory) Grown in Ahwaz, Iran
    Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 19, No. 7 (2007), 5336-5340 Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Fumitory Plant (Fumaria parviflora Lam) (Fineleaf fumitory) Grown in Ahwaz, Iran A. ASHNAGAR*, N. GHARIB NASERI† and M. YAGHOBI School of Pharmacy, Ahwaz Jundi Shapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Hydrodistillation of 100 g of powdered Fumitory parviflora Lam plant grown in the city of Ahwaz, Iran, resulted in the forma- tion of 1.2 mL of an essential oil. Gas chromatography-mass spec- trometry analysis of the volatile oil was carried on a DB-1 capil- lary column. On the basis of the results obtained it was concluded that the essential oil is consisted of 8 major components (72.7 %), 11 minor components (19.9 %) and 10 components with smaller amounts (4.5 %). Key Words: Fumitory, Fumitory parviflora, Fineleaf fumitory, Essential oil, GC-MS analysis. INTRODUCTION Fumaria is a genus of annual herbaceous flowering plants in the fam- ily Fumariaceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia. It is closely allied to Corydalis and some botanists combine the two genera. The common name is fumitory1. There are various species of this plant; some of the most important ones are listed in Fig. 12. Fumitory takes its name from the plant's blue-green colour, which is reminiscent of smoke rising from the earth. The name fumitory and the scientific name Fumaria derive from the Latin fumus terrae, meaning earth smoke. This is believed to stem from an early botanist who described the appearance of fumitory"as if the ground were all of a smoke3.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants
    Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e38687 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e38687 Data Paper Biota from the coastal wetlands of Praia da Vitória (Terceira, Azores, Portugal): Part 4 – Vascular plants Rui B. Elias‡, Mariana R. Brito§, César M.M. Pimentel§, Elisabete C. Nogueira§, Paulo A. Borges‡ ‡ CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal § LIFE CWR – LIFE project “Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Praia da Vitória Coastal Wet Green Infrastructures”, Praia da Vitória, Portugal Corresponding author: Rui B. Elias ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev Received: 31 Jul 2019 | Accepted: 13 Sep 2019 | Published: 18 Oct 2019 Citation: Elias RB, Brito MR, Pimentel CM.M, Nogueira EC, Borges PA (2019) Biota from the coastal wetlands of Praia da Vitória (Terceira, Azores, Portugal): Part 4 – Vascular plants. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e38687. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e38687 Abstract Background The data presented here come from field observations, carried out between 2014 and 2017, as part of a LIFE research project aiming to preserve and restore three coastal wetlands of Praia da Vitória (Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal) (LIFE-CWR). A total of 23 vascular plant species surveys were carried out in three sites: one for each semester in Paul da Praia da Vitória (PPV) and Paul da Pedreira do Cabo da Praia (PPCP); one for each semester (except in 2014) in Paul do Belo Jardim (PBJ). The main objectives were to determine the plant richness of the three sites and to monitor yearly variation on species composition.
    [Show full text]
  • Constituents and Pharmacology of Fumaria Officinalis- a Review
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 10, Issue 1 Series. I (January 2020), PP. 17-25 www.iosrphr.org Constituents and Pharmacology of Fumaria Officinalis- A Review Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Received 14 January 2020; Accepted 30 January 2020 Abstract: Fumaria officinalis contained alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phytosterols, proteins, amino acids, saponins, fixed oils, steroids, tannins and many other chemical constituents. The previous pharmacological studies showed that Fumaria officinalis possessed neural, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, aphrodisiac effect and beneficial effect in biliary disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. This review highlighted the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Fumaria officinalis. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Fumaria officinalis I. INTRODUCTION: As a result of accumulated experience from the past generations, today, all the world’s cultures have an extensive knowledge of herbal medicine. Two thirds of the new chemicals identified yearly were extracted from higher plants. 75% of the world’s population used plants for therapy and prevention. In the US, where chemical synthesis dominates the pharmaceutical industry, 25% of the pharmaceuticals are based on plant-derived chemicals (1). Plants are a valuable source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are used as pharmaceuticals,
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Biological Control Agents for Fumitory (Fumaria Spp.) in Australia
    Potential biological control agents for fumitory (Fumaria spp.) in Australia M. Jourdan,1 J. Vitou,1 T. Thomann,1 A. Maxwell2,3 and J.K. Scott2 Summary Fumaria species are increasingly problematic in the cropping regions of southern Australia, and one fumitory, Fumaria densifloraDC, has developed populations with herbicide resistance. Consequently, the potential for biological control was assessed. Nine species of fungi were found associated with Fumaria spp. in a survey of 33 sites in southern France. According to the literature, species potentially host specific to fumitory includeCladosporium brachormium Berk. and Broome, Entyloma fumariae J. Schröt. and Peronospora affinis Rossmann. Of the insects detected on Fumaria spp. in France, the stem weevil, Sirocalodes mixtus Mulsant and Rey has potential as a biological control agent because it is thought to be host specific. None of these species were detected amongst the six pathogen spe- cies found during surveys of 64 locations in southeastern and southwestern Australia. The absence of pathogens and insects associated with Fumaria species in Australia, the lack of Fumaria spp. native to Australia, and few closely related crops or ornamental species, indicate that there are opportunities for research into the development of natural enemies for the biological control of fumitory. Keywords: Fumaria species, biological control, field surveys, fungal pathogens, arthropods. Introduction species and two subspecies: Fumaria bastardii Boreau, Fumaria capreolata L., Fumaria capreolata L. subsp. Fumitory species are weeds of many parts of the world, capreolata, F. densiflora, Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) mainly in cereal and legume cultivation, vineyards, Pugsley, Fumaria muralis Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch, Fu- wastelands and gardens, but have not been considered maria muralis Sond.
    [Show full text]