General Assembly Distr.: General 15 February 2008

United Nations A/62/695

Original: English

Sixty-second session Agenda item 116 Follow-up to the outcome of the Millennium Summit

Letter dated 13 February 2008 from the Permanent Representatives of Japan and Mexico to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly

We have the honour to transmit to you a compendium of human security- related initiatives and activities by members of the Friends of Human Security and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the General Assembly under agenda item 116.

(Signed) Claude Heller Permanent Representative of Mexico to the United Nations (Signed) Yukio Takasu Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations

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Annex to the letter dated 13 February 2008 from the Permanent Representatives of Japan and Mexico to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly

Human security-related initiatives and activities by members of the Friends of Human Security

The Permanent Missions of Japan and Mexico to the United Nations proposed at the second meeting of the Friends of Human Security on 20 April 2007 to create a compilation of information on past, present and future human security-related initiatives and activities. Reports are included from Chile, Japan, Mexico, Slovenia, Switzerland and Thailand.

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Chile’s initiatives in the area of human security

1 October 2007

I. Chile is an active proponent of the principle of human security in international relations and has therefore incorporated it into the principles underlying the formulation and implementation of its foreign policy, in conjunction with respect for and promotion of human rights, democracy as a system of government, compliance with humanitarian law, and human development, on the understanding that these principles are complementary and form a harmonious whole.

II. In this connection, Chile views the paradigm of human security as a complements to and not as a substitute for the traditional concept of security, which stresses frontier security, and therefore as a humanizing element of the global international agenda and of coexistence within States.

III. Although Chile is sympathetic to the broad interpretation of human security, it believes that priority emphasis must be placed on topic that are directly related to respect for the integrity and dignity of persons—in other words, to violence that may affect individuals.

IV. Among the main activities undertaken by Chile in this area, mention may be made of the following:

(a) Chile has since 1999 been part of the Human Security Network, within which it is mainly engaged in activities to promote and consolidate the concept of human security. Since that date, it has participated actively and proactively in the various meetings and initiatives of the Network, including the Ministerial Meetings, as well as in the organization of various seminars, workshops and publications. As far as publications are concerned, in 2004 Chile arranged for the translation into Spanish of the Manual on Human Rights Education published by the Austrian chairmanship of the Human Security Network.

(b) Chile chaired the Human Security Network between May 2001 and July 2002. It organized the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the Network in July 2002 in Santiago. The main topics for discussion were: a human security perspective in public security policies; human rights and international humanitarian law education focused on human security; and measurement of human security using a human security index.

(c) During the negotiations on the Outcome of the 2005 United Nations Summit, Chile played a leading role in the efforts to include in that document a specific reference to human security, which was finally incorporated in paragraph 143 of the text.

(d) Chile is actively participating in the informal Friends of Human Security group, created in 2006 at the initiative of the Governments of Mexico and Japan.

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Japan’s initiatives in the area of human security

September 2007

Japan has taken the lead in promoting human security, under close collaboration with the United Nations and its agencies, in various ways: by supporting the activities of the Commission on Human Security; by supporting the implementation of pilot projects in the field through United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security and bilateral grants; by enhancing dialogue with other countries to gain their support to the human security concept; and by enhancing cooperation with other initiatives to mainstream human security in the international cooperation.

１． Promoting and disseminating the human security concept

（１） Follow-up of paragraph 143 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome document In the process of negotiating 2005 World Summit Outcome document, Japan played a leading role in including a paragraph on human security in the Outcome document. 2005 World Summit Outcome is the first major UN document agreed by the Member States at the summit level that refers to human security:

In order to follow up on this Outcome document, Japan established an unofficial, open-ended forum, “Friends of Human Security” (FHS) in October 2006, inviting other UN Member States and relevant international organizations The purpose of the FHS meeting is to provide an informal forum for Member States as well as relevant international organizations to discuss the concept of human security from various angles in order to seek a common understanding of human security and explore collaborative efforts for mainstreaming it in United Nations activities.

The FHS met for the first time in October 2006 in New York under Japan’s chairmanship. Representatives of 24 Member States and 7 UN agencies were in attendance. The second FHS meeting was held under the co-chairmanship with Japan and Mexico in April 2007. Representatives of 37 Member States and regional institutions and 10 international organizations had constructive discussions. The third FHS meeting will be held in autumn 2007 to review the progress.

（２） Seminars and symposia Japan has held various seminars and symposia on human security both in Japan and overseas.

In March 2007, Japan held a Senior Official-Level Meeting on Human Security (SOM-HS) in Tokyo. The meeting was attended by representatives from 11 counties and 7 international organizations. SOM-HS took up onsite experiences of each country and international organization in humanitarian assistance in areas of armed conflict and natural disaster, and various tasks in the transitional stages from humanitarian assistance to development. The participants shared the recognition that seamless assistance was required from a viewpoint of human security.

Japan has also held open-public symposia on human security every year since 2000. The last symposium was held in December 2006, on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of Japan’s admission

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A/62/695 to the UN, with the participation of distinguished speakers including Mr. Antonio Guterres, UNHCR, Mr. Kemal Dervis, Administrator of UNDP and Mrs. Sadako Ogata, President of JICA, as panelists. At the symposium, participants discussed how to realize human security in post-conflict peace- building. Summary and notes on the symposium can be found on our website (http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/index).

Furthermore, Japan contributed to several seminars on human security held by the World Bank in April 2005 and April 2007.

（３） Cooperation with other countries and organizations Apart from Japan’s initiatives, other initiatives on human security have also been taken in various fora with different focuses. In order to strengthen partnership and combine efforts with others for mainstreaming human security, Japan actively participates in multilateral discussion on human security.

One example of this is Japan’s participation as a guest country in annual Human Security Network (HSN) ministerial meetings since 2004. Japan has actively contributed to the discussion, seeking ways to collaborate with HSN member states through sharing information and good practices.

Japan also holds a number of seminars, workshops and round tables on human security, in collaboration with other interested countries and entities such as EU, EC, APEC and OSCE.

At the same time, Japan actively engages other countries in bilateral dialogues on human security, as shown in the references to human security in bilateral documents. As of August 2007, a number of official bilateral documents refer to the importance of human security and the need to strengthen cooperation to realize it. Some examples are as follows:

¾ The 16th Japan-EU Joint Press Statement (June 2007） (para 12) Summit leaders underlined the importance for the EU and Japan to strengthen cooperation on poverty reduction through sustainable development and the promoting of human security. ¾ Joint Statement on the Roadmap for New Dimensions to the Strategic and Global Partnership between Japan and India （August 2007） (para 38) The two leaders stressed the need to cooperate in developing a common understanding of human security, with due respect to the evolving, multidimensional and comprehensive nature of the concept, with a view to tackling global challenges including the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

2． Realizing human security on the ground

（１） ODA Charter and the Medium-term Policy on ODA Human security is one of the main pillars of Japan’s foreign policy. Furthermore, Japan’s ODA Charter states that human security is one of Japan’s basic principles in providing ODA. As described

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A/62/695 in its Medium-term Policy on ODA, Japan adopts the perspective of human security in development assistance. For more detailed information, go to the website at www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/index.

（２） United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security In 1999, the Government of Japan took the initiative to establish United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. To date, Japan’s total contributions to the Fund has accounted to 297 million USD and the Fund has supported approximately 180 field-based projects formulated and implemented by various UN agencies in approximately 90 developing countries. For more detailed information, see our pamphlet “The Trust Fund for Human Security – For the Human-centered 21st Century” at www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/index

Also, Japan supported several advocacy activities by UN-OCHA Human Security Unit, such as the photo exhibitions showing projects implemented by the UN Trust Fund for Human Security at NY in May 2006 and also at several cities in Japan in Fall 2007.

（３） Grant Assistance for Grassroots and Human Security projects Japan provides around 1 billion USD every year to directly support grassroots and Human Security projects formulated and implemented by local community and NGOs. In Fiscal Year 2006, the Government of Japan supported over 1,212 field-based projects in 105 countries and 1 region.

（４） Work of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on human security JICA’s reform plan, announced in March 2004, listed human security as one of the key concept of the reform, along with a more field-oriented approach and increased effectiveness, efficiency and speed. JICA has specified seven principles of human security in order to put human security in action in formulating and implementing its projects and programs. For more detailed information, go to JICA website at: www.jica.go.jp/english/ about/policy/reform/human/index.

Mexico’s human security initiatives

13 February 2008 General overview

The 2005 World Summit achieved one of the most important goals in the context of the United Nations agenda: the adoption of a common understanding on the elements of human security. Mexico has contributed to this objective, since believes that every State is responsible to secure and to protect the full exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms of its population and to the human being as whole, in order to offer better living conditions to them.

In this regard, the State has to redirect its conception on security by placing human well- being at the core of its decisions throughout promoting development, protecting the environment, including the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters and pandemics, fighting against new security threats by promoting the adoption of measures on confidence and security-building as well as to reinforce the rule of law.

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The opinion above mentioned reflects also that human security has to be assumed because of its nature as a multidimensional itself.

Implementing human security at national level

• National Plan of Development (NPD)

The National Plan of Development is the programmatic plan of action guiding by fundamental principles which address general and specific demands, concerns and needs of Mexican society. In its conception and implementation, human security plays a relevant roll since the key element of the NPD is the population the well-being.

The National Plan of Development comprises five main areas:

1. The rule of law and society, 2. A competitive economy that will create jobs, 3. Equal opportunities, 4. Environmental sustainability 5. Effective democracy and a responsible foreign policy.

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ tasked area on human security

In order to address human security from a multidimensional perspective as well as to promote a common understanding on human security at institutional level, since the beginning of 2008 the Under Secretary for Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights established within the mandate of the General Direction for Global Affairs a director’s office in charge. Before, human security was in General Direction for Human Rights.

The 2008 working plan of the director’s office comprises a group of institutional and academic workshops, as well as activities to support and to follow – up the work of the Group of Friends of Human Security.

Promoting and disseminating human security at international level

¾ Follow up paragraph 143 of the 2005 World Summit Outcome documents

Mexico –along with Japan-, has been a very active promoter of the Group of Friends of Human Security, an open-ended group of supporters of human security, which purpose is to provide an informal forum of Member States as well as relevant international organizations to discuss Human Security in order to built a common understanding on it and to explore collaborative efforts for mainstreaming it in the UN activities.

In connection with the above-mentioned, Mexico has participated in the following events:

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¾ Workshop on Human Security, organized by the government of Mexico, in cooperation with the Government of Japan, Mexico City, February 9th and 10th, 2006.

The purpose of the Workshop was to provide an opportunity for substantive discussion on human security based on the 2003 report of the Commission on Human Security, entitled “Human security now: protecting and empowering people”.

¾ Second Meeting of the Friends of Human Security, New York, April 20th, 2007.

This meeting confirmed the multidimensional nature of human security. It also underlined that Friends of Human Security should focus on concrete collaboration in reflecting human security approach in such UN activities as achievements of Millennium Development Goals, development, peace building, humanitarian assistance, climate change, protection of children and other human rights issues.

¾ Third Meeting of the Friends of Human Security, New York, November 7th, 2007.

In this meeting Mexico underlined that Group of Friends should explore –in consultation with the President of the General Assembly and the Secretariat- the possibility of holding an informal General Assembly debate on human security.

Activities developed in the field of human security and humanitarian environment.

¾ 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, Geneva, November 26-30, 2007.

As unique fora conceived to address humanitarian concerns the 30th International Conference offered the opportunity for States and Red Cross Movement to move forward the need to act together for humanity. Environmental concerns including climate change, humanitarian consequences of migration, violence and pandemics were at the core of the Conference. Mexico supports fully the Final Declaration and Plan of Action of the Conference.

¾ Special session on International Humanitarian Law at the Organization of American States, January 25, 2008.

In the framework of the event Mexico promoted the inclusion of the issue “Private Military and Security Companies in armed conflicts” in order to promote a better understanding of a phenomenon that demands compliance with international humanitarian and human rights law.

¾ Support of the World Disaster Reduction Campaign 2008-2009.

The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction launched the 2008-2009 campaign “Hospitals Safe from Disaster’s”. Mexico supports the three main objectives (to better protect the lives of patients, health staff and the public by reinforcing structural resilience of health facilities; to ensure that facilities and services continue to function in the aftermath of disasters; and to better prepare and train

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A/62/695 health workers on preparedness plans if natural hazards strike) and in this regard the national authorities have concluded the first test of the Hospitals in natural disasters using the methodology of the Pan American Health Organization, the regional office of the World Health Organization.

Activities developed in the field of human security and threats to security

¾ Enhancing human security while countering terrorism.

Mexico’s commitment to combat effectively terrorism comprises the promotion and support of the international legal framework and its implementation at all levels; the need to conclude a general convention on the matter; as well as to guarantee that international humanitarian law, human rights and international refugee law are fully respected when measures are adopted by promoting it at relevant fora.

In 2007, at the 62nd United Nations General Assembly, Mexico presented resolution 62/159, “Protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism”, adopted without vote. At regional level Mexico presented the resolution AG/RES.2271 (XXXVII-O/07) Protecting Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism adopted by consensus.

Activities under the Slovenian Chairmanship of the Human Security Network (HSN) in 2006/2007 28 June 2007 (a) Statements: z First session of the Human Rights Council (Geneva 22 June 2006), z UN Conference to Review Progress of the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons (New York, 26 June 2006), z Security Council Open Debate on the Protection of Civilians in armed conflicts (New York, 28 June 2006), z Security Council Open Debate on Children and Armed Conflicts (New York, 24 July 2006), z International Conference on AIDS (Toronto, 13-18 August 2006), z Meeting of the State Parties to the Mine Ban Treaty (Geneva, 18 September 2006), z Occasion of the Launch of the UN Study on Violence Against Children (New York, 11 October 2006), z Security Council Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security (New York, 26 Oct 2006), z Security Council Open Debate on Children and Armed Conflict (New York, 28 November 2006), z International Conference “Free Children from War” (Paris, 5-6 February 2007), z 4th Regular Session of the HRC (Geneva, 13 March 2007).

(b) Letter of support The Network sent a letter of support to the Chairman of the Working Group of Security Council on children and armed conflicts.

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(c) Contribution to the Report of the High Level Group of the Alliance of Civilization At the HSN Ministerial lunch on New York on 21 September 2006, the ministers identified some areas of particular interest that the High-level Group could consider as a possible contribution to their work by the Network. The HSN members stressed in their joint contribution that both dialogue and freedom of expression are crucial to maintain and strengthen consensus among nations, cultures and religion. The Network offered some concrete suggestions as to how this problem could be tackled in the fields of human rights education, the media, violence against children, and the engagement of women in the process of stabilization and education. The Report of High-level Group was presented on 13 November 2006 in Istanbul, Turkey, to Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

(d) HSN Meetings z Senior Officials Meeting 1 - New York 20 September 2006, z Ministerial Lunch - New York, 21 September 2006 z SOM2 - Brdo pri Kranju, 1 December 2006, on the margins of the International Conference on Prevention of Violence against Children and Human Security (30 November-2 December 2006), z Ministerial Meeting and SOM3 – Ljubljana, 17-18 May 2007

(e) Other Activities z HSN Expert Meeting at the Permanent Mission of Slovenia (New York, 13 June 2006), z HSN Troika Consultations/Thailand, Slovenia, Greece (Ljubljana, 10 July 2006), z Panel Discussion on the Study on Violence against Children (New York, 9 October 2007), z Panel Discussion on the margin of the UN 3rd Committee, “Kids, Guns and Gangs” (New York, 16 October), z HSN Expert Meeting at the Permanent Mission of Slovenia (Geneva, 10 November 2006), z Briefing on the non-profit organization “Security Council Report” for HSN members (Geneva, 2 April 2007).

Brief information on recent Swiss initiatives in the area of human security

April 2007 Armed violence and development

Switzerland together with UNDP launched the Geneva Declaration on Armed violence and Development, last year at a Ministerial Summit in Geneva. This Declaration has been endorsed so far by 50 States, which commit themselves to taking action to reduce armed violence and its negative impact on socio-economic and human development. The main commitment is to achieve measurable reductions in the global burden of armed violence by 2015.

A core group of ten States1 is currently developing an action plan to implement the Declaration. We are reflecting on the possibility of bringing the principles contained in the Geneva Declaration to the General Assembly, probably in 2008, in a form which remains to be defined.

1 Switzerland, UK, Netherlands, Kenya, Guatemala, Thailand, Finland, Morocco, Canada, Norway.

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Peace Building Initiative

The Peacebuilding Initiative, implemented by the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University (HPCR) and supported by Switzerland, has developed an information platform offering access to the most relevant research and policy materials on peacebuilding. The platform is designed to assist professionals engaged in conflict management and post- conflict peacebuilding, with a particular attention to the needs of the Peacebuilding Commission and the Peacebuilding Support Office. Through the development of this platform, Switzerland wishes to generate critical reflection among professionals on the means and methods of achieving peace as well as facilitating informed policy debates within international agencies. [http://www.peacebuildinginitiative.org]

Private Military and Security Companies

Switzerland, in cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross, has launched an initiative to facilitate and contribute to an intergovernmental dialogue on how to ensure and promote respect for international humanitarian and human rights law by states and private military and security companies operating in conflict areas. Private actors providing such services do not fall neatly within existing concepts and legal frameworks.

The Process intends to reaffirm the existing international law and remind states and private companies of their obligations. Furthermore, the process seeks to close regulatory gaps by means of setting standards (code of conduct), coupled with an implementation (accountability/reporting) mechanism, best practices and operational guidelines for companies delivering private security services. So far, two workshops of governmental and other experts were held in January and November 2006. Four workshops are scheduled for 2007 and 2008.

Security Sector Reform

The OECD DAC Handbook on Security Reform—“Supporting Security and Justice” has officially been launched in Berne/Switzerland at the end of March 2007. Switzerland was engaged in the process of developing the handbook.

Corporate Social Responsibility/Global Compact

Switzerland distributed at the last SOM-Meeting of the Human Security Network a draft paper on “The role of the private sector in supporting human security—opportunities for the Human Security Network”. The HSN might be a useful vehicle to foster international discussions on that topic. Switzerland welcomes any comments on the content of the paper and is ready to facilitate a dialogue on this topic within the HSN or other interested States.

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30th International Conference of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent

The 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent will take place from November 26 to 30 2007 in Geneva. This event touches upon different aspects of Human Security, as for instance the prevention and mitigation of consequences of natural disasters. This important conference will also set the framework for action of the Movement in the coming four years.

Thailand’s activities on human security

October 2007

Thailand is the first country in the world to establish a Ministry in charge of human security. The Ministry of Social Development and Human Security focuses on 10 aspects of human security in it policy and planning: 1) housing 2) health 3) education 4) employment and income 5) personal security 6) family 7) social support 8) society and culture 9) rights and justice 10) political affairs and good governance. Among many projects to promote human security include low-income housing, micro-credit and women’s network.

In addition, Thailand has hosted many international conferences and workshops on human security as follows:

Human Security Network • Plurilateral Human Rights Symposium in Asia (June 2000, Bangkok) • Human Security Network’s (HSN) Workshop on HIV and AIDS (25 July 2005, Geneva) • HSN Informal Ministerial Lunch (18 September 2005, New York) • HSN Informal Consultation to exchange views on the Human Rights Council (HRC) (25 September 2005, Geneva) • HSN Panel Discussion on Human Trafficking, co-organized with UNODC (17 October 2005, Vienna) • HSN Informal Meeting to exchange views on the impact of trade rules to access to HIV/AIDS drugs (20 February 2006, Geneva) • HSN Informal Working Lunch to exchange views on the prospects and implications of the Human Rights Council (HRC) (5 April 2006) • HSN International Symposium on Building and Synergizing Partnership for Global Human Security and Development (30-31 May 2006, Bangkok) • 8th HSN Ministerial Meeting (1-2 June 2006, Bangkok)

OSCE • OSCE-Thailand Conference on the Human Dimension of Security (20-21 June 2002, Bangkok) • Thailand Conference on Sharing of Experiences in Combating Trafficking in Human Beings: Opportunities for Co-operation (16-17 June 2005, Bangkok)

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• 2006 OSCE-Thailand Conference on “Challenges to Global Security: From Poverty to Pandemic” (25-26 April 2006, Bangkok)

Intellectual Dialogue on Human Security • Third intellectual Dialogue on “Building Asia’s Tomorrow: Cross-Sectoral Partnership in Enhancing Human Security” (18-19 June 2000, Bangkok)

Commission on Human Security • Commission on Human Security Meeting (4-5 March 2004, Bangkok)

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Lecture Series • The 2nd Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Lecture on “Human Security in Asia” by Dr. Sadako Ogata, former United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR) and present President of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) (16 June 2005, Bangkok)

Thailand’s activities on human security in 2007

(1) Human Trafficking • In February 2007, Thailand organized the Friends of Helsinki Process Workshop on Human Trafficking and invited members of the countries of the Helsinki Process, the Bali Process and the Human Security Network to attend. Participants from these countries, civil societies and academia exchanged best practices and recommendations in order to jointly tackle human trafficking problem in a comprehensive manner, with due respect to human rights and dignity. Among the many important points discussed, the meeting agreed that there is a major distinction between people smuggling and human trafficking. The human rights of the trafficked victim should be protected and the victim identification process, therefore, would have to be further developed to properly take into consideration the rights of the victim. In addition, law must be amended to effectively criminalize traffickers and increase protection for trafficked victims. Governments were urged to become party to all the relevant Conventions and Protocols. Participants, from various background and experiences, agreed on roughly thirty-nine recommendations to serve as ways forwards in a global fight against human trafficking.

• As this year marks the bicentennial of the first crucial Act to end the slave trade, the UNODC plans to host the Vienna Forum on the UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking on 13-15 February 2008 in Vienna, Austria. In preparation for the Vienna Forum, Thailand and the UNODC hosted a “Regional Conference on Criminal Justice Response to Trafficking in Persons: Ending Impunity and Securing Justice” within the framework of the Global Initiative to Fight Trafficking (GIFT), on 1-5 October 2007 in Bangkok.

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(2) Human Rights Education • On 12–13 September, Thailand hosted a human rights education workshop for Thai educators using the HSN Manual on Human Rights, which was commissioned by Austria during its HSN Chairmanship and later translated into Thai. This workshop certainly helps advance human rights education among academic practitioners and children in Thailand.

(3) International Conference on Mainstreaming Human Security

• The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand supported the initiative of the Faculty of Political Science at Chulalongkorn University in organizing a conference entitled “Mainstreaming Human Security: The Asian Contribution” in order to promote a wider discussion of human security studies and update the current progress of human security practices in Asian contexts on 4 and 5 October 2007 in Bangkok.

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Human security-related initiatives and activities by United Nations agencies, funds and programmes

The Permanent Missions of Japan and Mexico to the United Nations proposed at the second meeting of the Friends of Human Security on 20 April 2007 to create a compilation of information on past, present and future human security-related initiatives and activities. This questionnaire is designed to facilitate and thereby obtain information from United Nations agencies, funds and programmes on human security-related initiatives and activities.

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

2. Has your agency/fund/programme ever adopted the concept of human security institutionally? For example, are there any divisions, personnel or mechanisms tasked with the responsibility for addressing human security? If YES, please provide details, including the date when such adoption took place.

Please list project(s) where your agency/fund/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS)-funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

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CONTENTS

Page Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)...... 17 Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA)...... 18 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)...... 19 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ...... 23 International Labour Organization (ILO) ...... 25 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ...... 28 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ...... 37 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) ...... 44 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)...... 50 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) ...... 52 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)...... 56 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)...... 61 United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) ...... 64 United Nations Mine Action Services (UNMAS)...... 75 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ...... 78 World Food Programme (WFP) ...... 82 World Health Organization (WHO)...... 84

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Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

DESA makes official statements and puts out publications on various aspects of human security even if the exact terms used are different. For example, the World Economic and Social Survey 2007 deals with the social and economic aspects of ageing across the world. Similarly, the MDG Report 2007 covers the status of the MDGs at the midpoint of 2007, and the MDG Report for Africa does the same in a continent which faces many human security challenges.

2. Has your agency/fund/programme ever adopted the concept of human security institutionally? For example, are there any divisions, personnel, or mechanisms tasked with the responsibility for addressing human security?

The concept of human security as such has not been formally adopted by the functional commissions and ECOSOC which govern the work of DESA. However, specific aspects of human security such as social development, sustainable development, and population and development are dealt with and are supported by DESA.

3. Please list project(s) where your agency/fund/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

DESA manages the following projects funded under the UNTFHS:

- Managing Water and Energy Services for Poverty Eradication in Rural Gambia. - Reducing the Vulnerability of School Children to Earthquakes in Indonesia, India, Fiji and Uzbekistan. - Human Security in Rural Timor-Leste.

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) The Gambia Managing Water and Energy Services for Poverty $1,335,000 2003 30 months Eradication in Rural Gambia Regional – Asia Reducing the Vulnerability of and Pacific School Children to (Indonesia, India, Earthquakes $935,768 2003 2 years Fiji and Uzbekistan) Timor-Leste Human Security in Rural $1,614,630 2005 18 months Timor-Leste

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

In December 2005, OSAA published Human Security in Africa as one of OSAA’s non-recurrent publications. This document is accessible at: http://www.un.org/africa/osaa/reports/Human%20Security%20in%20Africa%20FINAL.pdf

Within OSAA, a senior officer acts as a focal point on human security and ensures OSAA’s participation in activities related to human security. This officer is also in charge of mainstreaming the human security concept throughout OSAA’s activities.

3. Please list project(s) your agency/fund/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

This year, in close cooperation with the Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations, OSAA organized an informal consultation dinner hosted by the Permanent Representative of Japan in order to discuss human security and peace-building in Africa. OSAA intends to organize a policy dialogue panel discussion on the same subject during the forthcoming session of the General Assembly. OSAA is also preparing a project proposal for the organization of a seminar on peace building and stability in Africa to take place in Africa in early 2008 as part of TICAD preparatory processes for consideration under the UN/JAPAN Trust Fund for International Cooperation. This project will include the concept of human security as a framework.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

FAO is the lead agency for food security in the world and food security is a critical component of human security. Therefore all of FAO’s statements, publications and programmes have a direct relevance to human security.

Almost all of FAO’s mandate is oriented towards contributing to food security and as such to help advance human security. Inside the Technical Cooperation Department, the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) is FAO’s flagship initiative for reaching the goal of halving the number of hungry in the world by 2015. The SPFS is not a stand-alone initiative. The goals and the vision that guide the SPFS have been integrated into major international efforts including the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development. Food security programmes are also major contributors to achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals.

FAO also provides emergency relief and rehabilitation in an effort to protect, restore and enhance livelihoods of vulnerable communities dependent upon agriculture. FAO’s expertise in farming, livestock, fisheries and forestry is crucial in emergency response and rehabilitation efforts. Such emergency interventions are also planned with the future in mind because the Organization also has a development mandate and the institutional ability to pass seamlessly from relief to recovery, rehabilitation and long-term sustainable development.

List of FAO projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total Start date Duration budget* (US$) Armenia Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally To be Displaced and Local Families (Joint $2,347,575 2 years determined Programme with UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNHCR and UNIDO)

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Country or area Project title Total Start date Duration budget* (US$) Burundi Assistance to the restoration of food To be security through the provision of $998,942 1 year determined agricultural inputs Cambodia Extension of the Special Programme for Food security to Improve Food security and Income $1,161,605 2003 2 years Generation of Poor Families in Cambodia Democratic Republic Support to Survival Mechanisms for of the Congo Congolese Households affected by $978,500 2002 1 year the crisis Democratic Republic Reinforcement of Food Security & $1,047,536 2004 1 year of the Congo the fight against malnutrition Ethiopia Extension of the Special Programme of Food Security To be $1,281,412 2 years (SPFS) in Support of Human determined Security Ethiopia Establishing a Zone Free of the Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Problem in the Southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia, and Assisting Rural $1,760,000 2006 2 years Communities in Agricultural and Livestock Development (Joint Programme with IAEA) Gabon Strengthening Human Security through Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Social Development for To be Refugees and Local Host $1,986,101 2 years determined Communities in Gabon (Joint Project with UNHCR, UNDP and WHO) Ghana Dissemination of NERICA & improved rice production systems To be $925,914 3 years to reduce food deficit & improve determined farmers’ income in Ghana Ghana Assistance to the Refugees of the UNHCR Settlements in Buduburam and Krisan for their Repatriation, Local Integration and Resettlement $1,745,782 2007 2 years through Micro and Small-Scale Enterprise Development (Joint Programme with UNHCR and UNIDO) Grenada Restoring Livelihoods in Grenada after Hurricanes Ivan and Emily $1,026,538 2006 18 months (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNICEF and UNIFEM)

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Country or area Project title Total Start date Duration budget* (US$) Honduras Joint Program for the Support of Human Security in Honduras (Joint $1,286,753 2006 1 year Programme with UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR, PAHO and UNFPA) Liberia Rebuilding Communities in Post- Conflict Liberia - Empowerment for $3,965,571 2006 2 years Change (Joint Programme with UNDP and WFP) Myanmar Farmer participatory Seed Multiplication in Rakhine State, $1,450,152 2004 2 years Myanmar Myanmar Support to ex-poppy farmers and poor vulnerable families in border $ 948,200 2007 2 years areas (Joint Programme with WFP, UNODC and UNFPA) Peru Natural Disasters in Peru: from Damage Limitation to Risk Management and Prevention (Joint $1,576,484 2006 2 years Programme with WFP, UNICEF, PAHO and UNDP) Russian Federation Sustainable Integration and Recovery in North Ossetia-Alania $3,711,043 2007 3 years (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNHCR and ILO) Sierra Leone Dissemination of NERICA & improved rice production systems To be $923,010 3 years to reduce food deficit & improve determined farmers’ income in Sierra Leone Somalia Protection, Reintegration and Resettlement of IDPs (Joint Programme with UNDP, $4,150,752 2007 2 years UN-HABITAT, UNHCR and UNICEF) Sri Lanka Support to the livelihood rehabilitation for conflict affected To be $1,309,793 2 years people engaged in agriculture in determined north and east Sri-Lanka Sudan Assistance to the Small-Scale Subsistence Fisheries in Southern $446,588 2001 1 year Sudan Sudan High impact assistance to the To be subsistence fishery in southern $1,024,213 1 year determined Sudan (Phase II) Tanzania, United Strengthening Human Security Republic of Through Sustainable Human Development in Northwestern $4,150,791 2005 3 Years Tanzania (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNHCR, UNIDO, WFP and UNICEF)

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Country or area Project title Total Start date Duration budget* (US$) Timor-Leste Urgent Maize & Rice Seed Multiplication at Rural Community $469,650 2000 9 months Level in East Timor, Phase I Timor-Leste Urgent Maize & Rice Seed Multiplication at Rural Community $349,794 2001 9 months Level in East Timor - Phase II - Reduction of Post Harvest Losses Timor-Leste Reduction of Post Harvest Losses $379,606 2003 9 months Uganda Emergency Provision of Agricultural Inputs in Kasese & To be $574,471 1 year Kabarole Districts of Rwenzori determined Region of Western Uganda Uganda Cassava multiplication, distribution & enhanced coordination of agricultural emergency operations $932,242 2005 30 months in Rwenzori region of western Uganda Zimbabwe Enhancing Food Security through Empowerment of Schools (Joint $1,389,333 2006 2 years Programme with UNICEF)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

The Director General of the IAEA, Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei, has repeatedly referred to the need to address the root causes or “drivers” that lead to insecurity and has emphasized the need to embrace the concept of human security in order to be able to cope with modern threats.

Speeches by the Director General of the IAEA on the subject of human security include:

- “In Search of Human Security”, 29 September 2006. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Statements/2006/ebsp2006n016.html - “Human Security and the Quest for Peace in the Middle East”, 24 October 2006. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Statements/2006/ebsp2006n019.html

The IAEA addresses human security concerns within its traditional three pillars of work (safeguards and verification; safety and security; science and technology) without specifically having institutionalized the concept in the form of designated divisions, personnel or mechanisms tasked with programmatic follow-up. The Office of External Relations and Policy Coordination coordinates the Agency’s involvement in external events relating to human security, as appropriate.

In 2006, the UNTFHS provided US$ 1.712 million for the project entitled, "Establishing a Zone Free of the Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Problem in the Southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia, and Assisting Rural Communities in Agricultural and Livestock Development." The project is part of the IAEA support to the Southern Tsetse Eradication Project (STEP) of the Government of Ethiopia. Under the project, the IAEA is the executing agency with the FAO as its implementing partner. The IAEA is collaborating closely with the FAO on the post-eradication phase of the project in order to ensure sustainability of results.

The support provided under the UNTFHS project aims at gearing up several STEP activities in order to reach additional communities and to scale-up the initiated project components in the laboratory (tsetse mass-rearing and sterilization) and in the field (progress monitoring, tsetse suppression and aerial releases of sterile males).

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IAEA and the FAO are currently implementing the first phase of this project. The first installment of funding has been received and a financial implementation rate of 80% has been achieved. In July 2007, the IAEA submitted its first Project Progress Report.

Country or Project title Total Start date Duration area budget* (US$) Ethiopia Establishing a Zone Free of the Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Problem in the Southern Rift Valley, $1,760,000 2006 2 years Ethiopia, and Assisting Rural Communities in Agricultural and Livestock Development (Joint Programme with FAO)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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International Labour Organization (ILO)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications. In the words of the ILO Director-General, Juan Somavía, “The primary goal of the ILO today is to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity.” The concept of human security is therefore directly linked to the ILO Decent Work Agenda. In his address to the International Labour Conference in June 1999, the ILO Director-General stressed that “a much broader concept of security is emerging in the world -- a security that encompasses people, individuals, human security, and the ability to respond to a wide range of situations so that families and communities can live without fear, without risk. Many of the topics addressed by the ILO can contribute to developing an analytical basis for creating this broader concept of social protection. This is a concept of socio-economic security that I have called "people’s security””. At the Global Employment Forum in November 2001, the ILO Director-General pointed out to the "biggest threats to human security affecting the largest number of people - rising unemployment and poverty." In his report “Working Out of Poverty” to the International Labour Conference in June 2003, the ILO Director-General called poverty "the biggest challenge to multilateralism today. As the multilateral system continues to be tested on classical security issues, we simply cannot fail on issues of human security". In the same report, with a view to launching the ILO Global Campaign on Social Security and Coverage for All, the Director-General said that “social security systems contribute not only to human security, dignity, equity and social justice but also provide a foundation for political inclusion, empowerment and the development of democracy”. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the opening of the ILO office in Tokyo in September 2005, ILO Executive Director Kari Tapiola indicated that “the linkages between the work of the ILO and human security are more than obvious. The creation of the ILO back in 1919 - with Japan as one of the founding members - was all about human security”. In his speech to the 4th Summit of the Americas in November 2005, the ILO Director- General said that "The creation of more and better jobs has become a major political challenge which affects governance, democratic development and human security”. In the words of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, when she addressed the International Labour Conference in June 2006 in Geneva, the Decent Work Agenda is the “sustainable route out of poverty. It is rooted in the central role of work in the lives and well-being of women and men, their families, their communities and their societies. It is key to human security and social stability.” This same concept was recalled by the ILO Director-General in his address to the high-Level Segment of ECOSOC in July 2006.

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In the ILO public website, 265 references to the concept of human security can be found. Publications by ILO on human security and related subjects include: - Economic Security for a Better World, 2004. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/info/publ/economic_security.htm - Working Out of Poverty, Report of the Director-General, International Labour Conference, 91st Session, 2003. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/support/publ/pdf/poverty.pdf - People’s Security. Globalizing Social Progress, by Juan Somavía, ILO Director-General, 1999.

ILO programmes that are more directly related to the promotion of human security are the following:

- The international programme on the elimination of child labour - The special action programme to combat forced labour - The programme for indigenous and tribal people - The programme on equality and discrimination - The programme on crisis response and reconstruction - The programme on social security and the campaign on social security and coverage for all - The programme on strategies and tools against social exclusion and poverty - The labour protection programme - The international migration programme - The programme on HIV/AIDS and the world of work

In addition, the ILO employment programme and global employment agenda, aiming at the generation of decent and productive jobs with a special emphasis on the poor, also have a direct bearing on the promotion of human security.

3. Please list the project your agency/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

The majority of ILO normative and operational activities aim directly and indirectly at contributing to human security by promoting fundamental principles and rights at work, decent and productive employment for women and men, the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all, effective social dialogue, and fair globalization.

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List of ILO projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or Project title Total Start date Duration area budget* (US$) Indonesia Realizing Minimum Living Standards for Disadvantaged Communities through Peace To be $1,799,600 3 years Building and Village Based determined Economic Development (Joint Programme with ILO) Cambodia and Prevention of Trafficking in Viet Nam Children and Women at a $1,214,464 2003 42 months Community Level in Cambodia and Vietnam Indonesia Conflict prevention & poverty reduction among $1,581,085 2005 3 years indigenous peoples in Papua, Indonesia Thailand and the Economic and Social Philippines Empowerment of Returned $1,977,116 2006 3 years Victims of Trafficking Tajikistan Community Development Through Employment Creation and Improved $1,095,039 2007 2 years Migration Management (Joint Programme with UNDP) Russian Sustainable Integration and Federation Recovery in North Ossetia- Alania (Joint Programme $3,711,043 2007 3 years with UNHCR, UNDP and FAO)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

UNDP has published the following reports which either focus exclusively on human security or use the human security framework for analysis of specific sectors:

- Human Development Report: New Dimensions of Human Security in 1994; - Sierra Leone Human Development Report 1998: From Civil Conflict to Human Security, 1998, Freetown. - Sub-National Human Development Report 1998, Human Security in the Province of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. - Human Development Report Chile 1998, Paradoxes of Modernity: Human Security, Santiago. - Moldova National Human Development Report 1999: Transition and Human Security, 1999, Chisinau. - Macedonia Human Development Report 2001: Social Exclusion and Human Insecurity in FYR Macedonia, Skopje. - Bangladesh Human Security Report 2002: In Search of Justice and Dignity, Dhaka. - Latvia Human Development Report 2002/2003: Human Security, Riga. - Afghanistan National Human Development Report 2004: Security with a Human Face, Challenges and Responsibilities. Islamabad. - Philippines Human Development Report 2005, Peace, Human Security and Human Development in the Philippines, Manila. - Central Asia Human Development Report, Bringing Down Barriers: Regional Cooperation for Human Development and Human Security, Bratislava. - Kenya Human Development Report 2006, Human Security and Human Development: A Deliberate Choice, Nairobi. - Estonia Human Development Report 1997: Social Cohesion and Social Exclusion/Deprivation, Tallinn. - Bulgaria Human Development Report 1998: The State of Transition and the Transition of the State, Sofia. - Lesotho Human Development Report 1998, Maseru. - Mozambique Human Development Report 1998: Peace and Economic Growth, Opportunities for Human Development, Maputo. - Kyrgyzstan Human Development Report 2000, Bishkek. - East Timor National Human Development Report 2002: The Way Ahead, Dili. - Solomon Islands Human Development Report 2002: Building a Nation, Queensland. - South Africa Human Development Report 2003, Cape Town. - Costa Rica National Human Development Report 2005, Overcoming Fear: Citizen (In)security and Human Development in Costa Rica, San José. - Liberia NHDR 2006, Building and Mobilising Capacities for Reconstruction and Development, Monrovia.

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- Development Held Hostage: Assessing the Effects of Small Arms on Human Development in 2002. - Securing Development: UNDP’s Support for Addressing Small Arms Issues in 2005. - The Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR)/UNDP also published a Practice Note on Small Arms and Light Weapons (forthcoming).

Official statements on human security have been made by Kathleen Cravero, Assistant Administrator and Director of BCPR, to the UN Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms; Mr. Bo Asplund, UNDP Resident Representative in Indonesia at the Opening Session of a seminar organized by the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs entitled “Human Security and Millennium Development Goals: Indonesian Efforts and the Role of International Communities”; and Ms. Joana Merlin-Scholtes, Chief, South-East Asia and Pacific Division, Regional Bureau on Asia and the Pacific, at a Seminar on Conflict Prevention, Conflict Resolution and Peace-Building in Southeast Asia.

The concept of human security was introduced in 1994 by UNDP in its Human Development Report (http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1994/en/). In this report, an entire chapter was put forward to analyze human security as an essential aspect of sustainable human development. Although UNDP as a whole is committed to the concept of human security and to its promotion, BCPR plays a particular role in translating its principles into the policy and programmatic work of UNDP1 through a number of security related interventions, including:

a. Small Arms and Light Weapons, including Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (SALW); b. Mine Action (MA); c. Conflict prevention (CP); and d. Justice and Security Sector Reform (JSSR)

3. Please list project(s) where your agency/fund /programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

Below is the list countries where projects are (or have been) supported by BCPR in the area of conflict prevention and recovery. It does not reflect the portfolio of projects supported by UNDP through its other Bureaux, as all of UNDP’s work relates one way or another to human security and it was not possible to list all of UNDP’s past and present projects.

1 BCPR has recognized “dedication to human security” as one of its core values for achieving its purpose of “advancing peace and development by strengthening capacities to prevent and recover from crisis”.

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List of UNDP/BCPR projects

Country or area Focus Status Afghanistan SALW/DDR/JSSR/MA On-going Albania SALW /JSSR/MA On-going Algeria JSSR/MA On-going Angola MA On-going Argentina SALW Completed Armenia JSSR On-going Azerbaijan MA On-going Bangladesh CP On-going Belarus MA On-going Bolivia JSSR/CP On-going Bosnia and Herzegovina SALW/MA/CP On-going Brazil SALW/JSSR Completed Bulgaria SALW Completed Burundi SALW/MA/CP On-going Burkina Faso CP On-going Cambodia JSSR/MA On-going Central African Republic SALW/DDR On-going Chad JSSR/MA On-going China JSSR On-going Colombia SALW/JSSR/CP On-going Comoros SALW/CP Completed/Ongoing Costa Rica SALW On-going Croatia SALW/MA On-going Cyprus CP On-going Democratic Republic of the Congo SALW/DDR/JSSR On-going East Timor JSSR/CP On-going Ecuador CP On-going Egypt JSSR/MA On-going El Salvador SALW/JSSR On-going Ethiopia MA/CP On-going Fiji CP On-going Ghana SALW/CP On-going Guatemala SALW On-going Guinea CP On-going Guinea-Bissau JSSR/CP On-going Guyana CP Completed Haiti SALW/DDR/JSSR/CP On-going Honduras SALW On-going India JSSR On-going

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Country or area Focus Status Indonesia DDR/CP On-going Iran (Islamic Republic of) JSSR On-going Iraq JSSR/MA On-going Ivory Coast SALW/DDR/CP On-going Jamaica SALW/JSSR/CP On-going Jordan JSSR/MA On-going Kenya SALW/CP On-going Kosovo (Serbia) SALW/JSSR/CP On-going Kyrgyzstan CP On-going Laos JSSR/MA On-going Lebanon MA/CP On-going Lesotho CP Completed Liberia SALW/DDR/JSSR On-going Libyan Arab Jamahiriya JSSR On-going Macedonia SALW On-going Maldives JSSR On-going Mali SALW/CP Completed Mauritania JSSR/MA/CP On-going Mozambique SALW/MA On-going Nepal DDR/JSSR/CP On-going Niger SALW/DDR/JSSR/CP On-going Nigeria CP On-going Occupied Palestinian Territories JSSR/CP On-going Pakistan JSSR On-going Panama JSSR On-going Paraguay JSSR On-going Papua New Guinea SALW/CP Completed Philippines CP Ongoing Republic of the Congo SALW/DDR On-going Russian Federation JSSR On-going Senegal MA On-going Serbia SALW/JSSR On-going Sierra Leone SALW/DDR/JSSR/CP On-going Slovakia JSSR On-going Solomon Islands SALW/CP Completed Somalia SALW/DDR/MA/SSR/CP On-going Sri Lanka CP On-going Sudan SALW/DDR/JSSR/MA/CP On-going Swaziland JSSR On-going Syrian Arab Republic JSSR On-going Tajikistan JSSR/MA/CP On-going

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Country or area Focus Status Tanzania, United Republic of SALW/JSSR On-going Togo JSSR/CP On-going Trinidad and Tobago JSSR On-going Turkey JSSR On-going Uganda SALW/DDR/MA On-going Ukraine CP On-going Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic JSSR On-going of) Yemen SALW/JSSR/MA/CP On-going Zimbabwe CP On-going

SALW = Small Arms and Light Weapons; DDR = Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration; JSSR = Justice and Security Sector Reform; MA = Mine Action; CP = Conflict Prevention

List of UNDP projects supported by the UN Trust Fund for Human Security

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Armenia Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally Displaced and Local To be $2,347,575 2 years Families (Joint Programme with determined UNHCR, UNFPA, UNICEF, FAO and UNIDO) Bhutan Basic Education/Literacy, Income Security and Employment for Vulnerable People including $2,235,839 2007 30 months Children and Women in Bhutan (Joint Programme with UNFPA, WFP, UNICEF and UNV) Bosnia and Community Reconciliation Herzegovina Through Poverty Reduction (Joint $2,349,579 2007 2 years Programme with UNESCO) Burundi Inter-Agency Programme on the Sustainable Rehabilitation of War Victims (Joint Programme with $2,182,491 2006 20 months UNICEF, UNIFEM and UNESCO) China Community Based HIV/AIDS Care, Prevention and Poverty $824,000 2003 3 years Reduction (Henan) Cuba Strengthening of the National Programme for the Control and $1,030,000 2003 3 years Prevention of STIs/HIV/AIDS in the Republic of Cuba

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Ethiopia Coordinated Rural Development of IDP and Refugee Impacted Communities in the Somali $1,440,703 2006 1 year Regional State of Ethiopia (Joint Programme with UNICEF, UNHCR and IOM) Gabon Strengthening Human Security through Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Social Development To be for Refugees and Local Host $1,986,101 2 years determined Communities in Gabon (Joint Project with UNHCR, FAO and WHO) Global Research on Human Security for $1,628,327 2003 20 months Policy Making Grenada Restoring Livelihoods after Hurricanes Ivan and Emily (Joint $1,026,538 2006 18 months Programme with FAO, UNICEF and UNIFEM) Guinea Integrated Community Rehabilitation and Income $1,030,932 2004 18 months Generating Activities for Affected and Most Vulnerable People Honduras Joint Program for the Support of Human Security (with UNICEF, $1,286,753 2006 1 year FAO, UNHCR, PAHO, UNFPA) India Drought Proofing through Watershed Development for $1,045,983 2001 1 year Vulnerability Reduction India Total Risk Management Programme in Orissa, Gujarat and $1,030,000 2003 2 years Bihar States in India Indonesia Tobelo-Galela Area Recovery $1,429,684 2002 3 years Initiative Kazakhstan Enhancing Human Security in the Former Nuclear Test Site of $2,033,661 2007 3 years Semipalatinsk (Joint Programme with UNICEF and UNFPA) Kazakhstan Tokyo International Conference September $124,300 1999 (Japan) on Semipalatinsk 1999 Kenya Lokichokio, Kakuma and Dadaab Host Community Project (Joint $2,073,200 2007 3 years Programme with WFP, UNICEF and UNHCR) Kosovo (Serbia) Housing and Electrification in $20,448,626 2001 2 years Kosovo (HEIK) Kosovo (Serbia) School Rehabilitation in Kosovo $2,700,374 2001 10 months (SRK) Kosovo (Serbia) Hospital Rehabilitation $1,019,964 2001 13 months Programme in Kosovo

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Kosovo (Serbia) Weapons in Exchange for Development project $1,030,000 2003 11 months Lebanon Reintegration and Socio- Economic Rehabilitation of $740,914 2004 18 months Former Detainees Lebanon Social and Economic Empowerment of Mine-affected communities: Removing the Threat of Landmines and UXOs $2,966,590 2006 2 years and Promoting Post-de-mining Rehabilitation (Joint Programme with UNMAS/UNOPS) Liberia Rebuilding Communities in Post- Conflict Liberia - Empowerment $3,965,571 2006 2 years for Change (Joint Programme with FAO and WFP) Nepal Beyond Trafficking: A Joint Initiative in the Millennium $480,640 2002 3 years Against Trafficking in Girls and Women (JIT) Occupied Isolated and Disenfranchised Palestinian Communities in the occupied Territories Palestinian territories (Joint $5,276,745 2006 1 year Programme with UNSCO, UNIFEM, WHO, UNICEF, UNRWA and UNFPA) Pakistan Poverty Alleviation and $514,019 2005 3 years Sustainable Development Facility Peru Natural Disasters in Peru: from Damage Limitation to Risk Management and Prevention $1,576,484 2006 2 years (Joint Programme with FAO, UNICEF, WFP and PAHO) Regional – Africa Energy for poverty in Africa: (Burkina Faso, Energizing Community-led Rural Ghana, Guinea, Development using $2,413,599 2004 3 years and Senegal) Multifunctional Platforms (with UNOPS) Regional - Africa African Millennium Village Initiatives - Ghana, Kenya, $9,179,164 2006 2 years Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda Regional – Strengthening the Search and

Caribbean Rescue Capability of the $3,039,669 2003 3 years Caribbean Disaster Emergency

Response Agency (CDERA) Regional - Report on Regional Co-operation Central Asia for Human Security in Central $491,370. 2005 1 year Asia

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Regional - South Adolescent Girls, Trafficking Asia and HIV/AIDS: Strengthening (Afghanistan, Responses in South Asia $1,030,000 2003 3 years Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan) Republic of the Community Action for Congo Reintegration and Recovery of $1,047,629 2005 18 months ex-combatants Russian Sustainable Integration and Federation Recovery in North Ossetia- $3,711,043 2007 3 years Alania (Joint Programme with UNHCR, ILO and FAO) Sierra Leone Reintegration of Ex- combatants through Capacity $3,090,000 2002 3 years Building and Self-employment Solomon Islands Rehabilitation of Schools in Provinces Affected by the $309,000 2002 1 year Ethnic Conflict Solomon Islands Employment Generation and Economic Recovery through Rehabilitation and $1,038,181 2003 15 months Maintenance of Infrastructure using Labor Based Equipment Technologies Somalia Protection, Reintegration and Resettlement of IDPs (Joint Programme with UN- $4,150,752 2007 2 years HABITAT, UNHCR, FAO and UNICEF) South Africa Model Communities to Demonstrate an Integrated Approach to HIV/AIDS and $1,030,000 2003 3 years Poverty in KwaZulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa Sudan Capacity Building for African Union Forces in Darfur (Joint Programme with UNFPA, $3,085,790 2005 1 year WFP, WHO, UNIFEM and UNICEF) Sudan Crossing the Bridge of Peace: Victim Assistance and Mine Risk Education for Human $1,726,824 2006 18 months Security (Joint Programme with UNMAS/UNOPS and UNICEF) Tajikistan Improvement of the Health Sector in Tajikistan through $181,260 2000 17 months Training of Medical Specialists

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Tajikistan Strengthening of the Peace Process in Tajikistan through Reintegration and $676,641 2003 8 months Demobilization Support Activities for Former Combatants Tajikistan Community Development Through Employment Creation and Improved Migration $1,095,039 2007 2 years Management (Joint Programme with ILO) Tanzania, United Strengthening Human Security Republic of Through Sustainable Human Development in Northwestern $4,150,791 2005 3 Years Tanzania (Joint Programme with UNHCR, FAO, UNIDO, WFP and UNICEF) Thailand Strengthening HIV Resilience in Thailand Mobile $1,031,009 2005 2 years Populations’ Source Communities Timor-Leste Ainaro & Manatuto Community Activation Project $5,132,500 2002 5 years (AMCAP) Trinidad and Greater Involvement of Tobago Persons Living with HIV/AIDS $303,000 2002 4 years through Sensitization, Training and Networking Ukraine Helping Individuals Address their Fears, Problems and Risks $1,214,249 2004 3 years in Chernobyl-affected Communities

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

UNESCO has made the following official statements and publications on human security:

Official statements and abstracts

- Human Security in UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy for 2002-2007 (31 C/4) – Strategic Objective 5: Improving human security by better management of the environment and social change” (See § 83, 93, 112 and 113). http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001254/125434e.pdf

The promotion of Human Security is one of the strategic objectives of UNESCO’s medium term strategy. Within this framework, Member States emphasized the need to adequately comprehend the multidimensional nature of the concept of human security. Accordingly, UNESCO addresses “the need to prevent conflicts at their source […] through its global network of peace research and training institutions, thereby reinforcing human security.” One of the Organization’s expected outcomes is “the elaboration of integrated approaches to human security at the regional, subregional and national levels, targeting the most vulnerable populations, including the prevention and resolution of conflicts”.1

- Human Security in UNESCO’s Short- Term Strategies: 2002-2003 - 31 C/5 § 03200 and 03202 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001253/125343e.pdf 2004-2005 - 32 C/5 § 01012, 02004, 02130, 03011, 03300, and 03303 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001341/134100e.pdf 2006-2007 – 33 C/5 § 03120 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001449/144964e.pdf

Publications and International Conferences

In November 2000, over 100 participants met for the First International Meeting of Directors of Peace Research and Training Institutions at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France, to discuss issues related to the theme: “What Agenda for Human Security in the Twenty-First Century?” As a result of this meeting, a number of concrete proposals were formulated in its Agenda for Action. One such proposal was to hold regional meetings on the subject in order to understand the specific aspects of human security in different parts of the world. The resulting series of International Conferences and publications is listed below:

1 31 C/4 Approved, Medium-Term Strategy 2002-2007, Paris, France, November, 2001.

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- Series: “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks” in the various regions of the world:

i. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in Africa” (in progress) ii. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in South East Asia” (2007) iii. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in Eastern Europe” (2007) iv. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in Western Europe” (2007) v. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in Central Asia” (2006) vi. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in the Arab States” (2005) vii. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in Latin America and the Caribbean” (2005) viii. “Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational Frameworks in East Asia” (2004)

Proceedings of Regional and/or International Conferences on Human Security

- Proceedings of the Concept Workshop on Human Security in South-East Asia Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2006 (in progress). - Selected papers presented at the International Conference on Human Security and Peace in Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, September 2005 (in progress). - Selected papers presented at the International Conference on Human Security in the Arab States, Amman, Jordan, March 2005 (in progress). - International Conference on Contemporary International Security: Consequences for Human Security in Latin America, Santiago, Chile, August 2003. - Proceedings of the International Conference on ‘Human Security in East Asia’, UNESCO/Korean National Commission for UNESCO/Ilmin International Relations Institute of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, June 2003. - Human Security, Conflict Prevention and Peace, Proceedings of the Expert Meeting on ‘Peace, Human Security and Conflict Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean’, UNESCO/FLACSO-Chile, November 2001. - Peace, Human Security and Conflict Prevention in Africa, Proceedings of the UNESCO–ISS Expert Meeting held in Pretoria, South Africa, July 2001. - What Agenda for Human Security in the Twenty-first Century?, Proceedings of the First International Meeting of Directors of Peace Research and Training Institutions, UNESCO, Paris, France, November 2000.

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In 2001, subsequent to the First International Meeting of Directors of Peace Research and Training Institutions on the theme What Agenda for Human Security in the Twenty-first Century? (November 2000), the Human Security Programme was established within the Social and Human Sciences Sector.

In March 2006, an Intersectoral Group on Human Security was created upon UNESCO’s Director- General’s request, with a view to ensuring that all activities related to Human Security be based on an interdisciplinary approach. All of the Organization’s sectors are represented in this group (Education, Culture, Natural Sciences, Communication and Information as well as the Social and Human Sciences Sector and the Bureau for Strategic Planning). Within the framework of this working group, a text entitled: “UNESCO’s Approach to Human Security”2 was drafted. The aforementioned document is intended to serve as an overall framework for the forthcoming publication “UNESCO’s Approach to Human Security”.

Finally, human security is a priority theme for the Asia and Pacific region within the framework of UNESCO’s Management of Social Transformation (MOST) Programme. Following a comprehensive process carried out during 2002-2005 with UNESCO’s National Commissions and Permanent Delegations as well as with its scientific partners, Human Security was identified as a regional priority theme for Asia and the Pacific and was approved by the MOST Intergovernmental Council of UNESCO.

3. Please list the projects your agency/fund/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

UNESCO is involved in the following projects in support of human security.

Completed projects:

- International Conference on Human Security in Africa, organized in cooperation with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Pretoria, South Africa, was held in March 2007. It was attended by regional and international experts, representatives of intergovernmental regional organizations, UN specialized agencies working in the region, as well as representatives from the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of South Africa and Mali as members of the HSN. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget. - Concept Workshop on Human Security in South-East Asia jointly organized by ASEAN and UNESCO, and held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in October 2006. It was attended by regional and

2 This draft is available at http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1067215.

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international experts, representatives from ASEAN Member States, local authorities, and NGOs. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget and contribution by ASEAN. - Meeting on “Human Security in Europe: Perspectives East and West”, organized by the Center for Peace and Human Security, Sciences Po, Paris, France, in June 2006 and hosted by UNESCO, with the participation of various European experts on Human Security. Funding: Center for Peace and Human Security, Sciences Po (Paris) and UNESCO support. - “International Seminar on Civil Capacities in the Promotion of Human Security in Latin America” held in Santiago, Chile, in November 2005, with funding granted within the framework of UNESCO’s Participation Programme (2004 - 2005). This seminar was prepared by FLACSO-Chile, with the support of UNESCO’s Social and Human Sciences Sector. This event gathered regional and international experts, representatives of regional authorities, NGOs, with a view to establishing a permanent working group on Human Security. Funding: UNESCO’s Participation Programme, UNESCO’s regular budget, and contributions by FLACSO and by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). - The International Conference on Human Security in Central Asia, organized in cooperation with the OSCE-Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, was held in September 2005 and was attended by regional and international experts. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget and contribution by OCSE Academy. - The International Conference on Human Security in the Arab States was organized in cooperation with the Regional Human Security Center, at the Jordan Institute for Diplomacy (Jordan), and under the patronage of the Jordanian Minister of Foreign Affairs, in Amman, Jordan, in March 2005. It was attended by regional and international experts, as well as representatives of the local authorities - namely from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Jordan is a member of the Human Security Network). Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget and Jordan Institute for Diplomacy (Jordan). - International Conference on Contemporary International Security: Consequences for Human Security in Latin America was organized in cooperation with the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences-FLACSO, in Santiago, Chile, in August 2003. It was attended by regional and international experts, as well as representatives of the local authorities- namely from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget and contribution by FLACSO. - The International Conference on Human Security in East Asia was organized in collaboration with the Korean National Commission for UNESCO and the Ilmin International Relations Institute of Korea University, in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in June 2003. It was attended by regional and international experts (Canada, Europe and Latin America), representatives from the governments of the region, as well as observers from throughout Asia. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget, Korea University and Korean National Commission for UNESCO. - Expert Meeting on Peace, Human Security and Conflict Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean, organized in cooperation with the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences - FLACSO, in Santiago, Chile, in November 2001. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget and contribution by FLACSO. - Expert Meeting on Peace, Human Security and Conflict Prevention in Africa, jointly with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Pretoria, South Africa, in July 2001. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget and contribution by ISS.

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- First International Meeting of Directors of Peace Research and Training Institutions on “What agenda for Human Security in the Twenty-first Century?” held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France, in November 2000. It was attended by Directors of Peace Research and Training Institutions worldwide. Funding: UNESCO’s regular budget.

On-going projects:

1. Promoting Human Security in the Arab States Region.

The project entitled “Promoting the Human Security Concept in the Arab Region” will be jointly implemented by the League of Arab States (LAS), the Human Security Unit (HSU- OCHA) and UNESCO. This project aims to identify policy responses to the various threats to human security in the Arab region through research and dialogue between researchers and policy-makers. Its main activities include the realization of studies on threats, challenges and opportunities to improve human security; the preparation of thematic policy-papers; the establishment of a “Human Security Unit” inside the League of Arab States’ General Secretariat with a view to assist LAS Member States in developing human security policies; and the organization of a High-Level Conference on Human Security in the Arab region, to be held in April 2008 with the participation of policy-makers from LAS Member States, experts and civil society. Funding: UNTFHS, UNESCO’s regular budget and contribution by the LAS.

2. Promotion of Human Security Concept in Rural Areas in China

The project was launched in June 2007. It aims to increase public awareness on the human security of women in rural areas in China (mainly focusing on the following areas: economy, foodstuff, health, environment, individual, community and politics). By means of questionnaires and workshops, women in rural areas are invited to participate in the ongoing debate around human security issues. Activities foreseen include: a two-page foldout in the magazine “Rural Women Magazine” (monthly publication) dedicated to the concept of human security. The approximately 80,000 distributed foldouts will first give an overall introduction to the concept of human security and will subsequently ask the readers to answer a short questionnaire. By collecting answers to the questionnaire and letters from the readers, the magazine will gather feedback and/or or questions on human security issues. In close cooperation with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the magazine will analyse the collected data in order to get an overall understanding of the main concerns related to human security of women living in rural areas of China.

3. Human Security in China: A North-East Asian Perspective

This project was launched in March 2006, and initially foreseen for a period of 2 years. It is being carried out by Professor Guan Xinping (from the Department of Social Work and Social Policy of Nankai University in Tianjin), in partnership with the UNESCO Field Office in Beijing. Its work centers around the definitional issues of the concept of human security; the possible/existing cultural differences on this matter among different countries and regions; its

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degree of suitability and meaningfulness to China; as well as assessing the possible influence of this concept on China’s social policies, with a view towards analyzing and measuring China’s human security situation. The project seeks to promote policy attention and provide policy recommendations, and to develop comparative research (especially focused on Japan and the Republic of Korea), and to explore international cooperation in human security research among East-Asian countries. The project revolves around the implementation of three types of activities: comprehensive literature review, qualitative research (interviews and consultations), and quantitative research (by means of a questionnaire to be carried out in selected urban and rural areas, with a random sample of approximately 2,000 people). The results of this project will be presented in December 2007 during an international workshop on “Human Security in North-East Asia” (to be held in Beijing).

4. UNESCO Publication on Human Security: “UNESCO’s Approach to Human Security”

This publication is intended to synthesize the work carried out by UNESCO in the field of human security during the period 2000-2007 taking into account the outcomes of UNESCO’s past activities (international conferences, regional expert meetings, workshops, etc.) since 2000, the results of UNESCO’s Human Security Questionnaire (HSQ)3, other UN agencies and funds approaches to human security, and the international academic debate on the issue.

5. “Contributing to the eradication of poverty by strengthening human security in Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal”

This regional project is part of UNESCO’s multi-sector poverty eradication programme (CCT Poverty). On the one hand, it aims to strengthen the capacities of the most destitute communities so as to advocate the conceptualization of poverty from a human rights perspective (pilot projects in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger). On the other hand, the project, through the establishment of National Committees officially attached to Ministries in Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal, seeks to engage a debate on public policies related to poverty reduction, human rights and human security on the national and the regional levels. This research-policy dimension of the project also considers discussions on the progress of the MDGs and focuses on the review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs).

3 UNESCO Human Security Questionnaire (launched in September 2006; closed in January 2007). The (HSQ) was conducted to assess the current situation and future prospects in the field of human security. As part of its first phase, the HSQ was sent to experts in the field of human security around the world, students and representatives of the Human Security Network. Upon the basis of the analysis of the results obtained, the HSQ will help UNESCO to identify where and how it can make the most valuable contributions and develop a forward-thinking strategy in relation to human security. Through a statistical and analytical evaluation of expert opinion, UNESCO hopes to achieve 3 principal objectives: 1) to prioritize existing human security risks and threats and to analyze their relevance to UNESCO’s fields of competence (education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and communication and information); 2) to highlight new and emerging human security risks and threats; and 3) to identify UNESCO’s best possible role(s) within the field of human security.

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List of UNESCO projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Bosnia and Community Reconciliation Herzegovina through Poverty Reduction $2,349,579 2007 2 years (Joint Programme with UNDP) Brazil Sustained Improvement of Human Security in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joint $3,180,550 2008 2 years Programme with UNFPA, WHO and UNICEF) Burundi Inter-Agency Programme on the Sustainable Rehabilitation of War Victims (Joint $2,182,491 2006 20 months Programme with UNICEF, UNIFEM and UNDP) Cambodia Non-Forman Basic Education and Vocational Training for $609,248 2002 3 years Children and Youth At Risk Chechen Capacity Building for Republic Integrated Psychological, Pedagogical and Medico-Social Rehabilitation of School $977,874 2006 2 years Children and Educational Personnel (Joint Programme with WHO) Mongolia Rehabilitation of Boarding Schools and Provisions of Refresher Training Courses for $504,563 2003 3 years Headmasters and Teachers in the Dzud Affected Gobi Desert Provinces Nepal Community Learning Center $490,698 2002 32 months Regional – Arab Promoting the Human Security $220,350 2007 1 year States Concept in the Arab Region

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

UNFPA has made several statements on the topic of human security. Most recently, Mari Simonen, Deputy Director of Management and External Relations, referred to human security at a Senior Official Level Meeting on Human Security held on 23 March 2007 in Tokyo. The entire statement can be found at: http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1067214

UNFPA addresses the issue of human security through the following programme areas:

Reproductive health

Security also means protection against scourges such as ill-health. UNFPA has the responsibility of ensuring that the Programme of Action (PoA) of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) is implemented. The concept of human security is contained within the PoA of the ICPD, whose emphasis is on the central role of reproductive health for human development, as also subsequently confirmed with the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target on reproductive health. In the PoA of the ICPD, security of the person is recognized in Principle 1, outlined in Chapter 2. In addition, social security is also emphasized for both families, including single parents, and for people of older age through a life cycle approach.

Human security is at the heart of UNFPA activities, especially with regard to the health of women and adolescents. A holistic approach to reproductive health has led to activities addressing issues such as prevention not only for HIV control and family planning but also for behavioural aspects. This is no more evident than in adolescent health where human security is a key for individuals to be able to lead their lives to the fullest. The central components of reproductive health are maternal health, family planning and control of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) including HIV.

Moreover, security in pregnancy is crucial to the prevention of maternal mortality and morbidity, especially through fistula. UNFPA country programmes usually have activities to promote maternal and newborn health through skilled attendance at birth and when complications arise during delivery, through emergency obstetric care. Family planning is a pillar for maternal health as it promotes an approach where every pregnancy is intended and whereby individuals can lead a satisfying life. The provision of a wide range of family planning methods is promoted so that individuals and couples can choose the best method to fit their needs. The control of STIs, including HIV, is the other side of sexual health.

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Gender-based violence

Physical and mental violence against women occurring within the household and society jeopardize women’s lives, bodies, psychological integrity and well-being. Violence may have great consequences on a woman’s reproductive health, including unwanted pregnancies, restricted access to family planning information and services, contraceptives, unsafe abortion and HIV/AIDS infection risk. Because gender-based violence is sustained by silence, women’s voices must be heard. UNFPA puts every effort into enabling women to speak out against gender-based violence, and to get help when they become victims. The Fund is also committed to keeping gender-based violence in the spotlight as a major health and human rights concern. UNFPA advocates for legislative reform and enforcement of laws for the promotion and the protection of women’s rights to reproductive health choices and informed consent, including promotion of women’s awareness of laws, regulations and policies that affect their rights and responsibilities in family life. UNFPA promotes zero tolerance of all forms of violence against women and works for the eradication of traditional practices that are harmful to women’s reproductive and sexual health, such as rituals associated with puberty.

Women and conflicts

The often cited statistic that as many as 80 per cent of displaced populations are women and children fails to convey the complete devastation that displacement brings upon women and communities in general. Leaving homes, property and community behind, displacement renders women vulnerable to violence, disease and food scarcity, whether women flee willingly or unwillingly. UN Security Council Resolution 13251 is the first resolution ever passed by the Security Council that specifically addresses the impact of war on women, and women’s contributions to conflict resolution and sustainable peace. UNFPA is part of an interagency Task Force to implement the resolution, which was adopted on 31 October 2000. Since then, the Fund has been very active in ensuring that women’s concerns and rights are taken fully into account in conflict and post-conflict situations. Subsequently, UNFPA developed capacity building tools for organizations and institutions to respond to gender-based violence and provided services for victims. UNFPA moves quickly when emergency strikes, to protect the reproductive health of communities in crisis. It also provides assistance to stricken communities2 as they move beyond the acute crisis and enter the reconstruction phase3. The Fund also supports various data collection activities, including censuses4 to provide detailed information for planning and rapid health assessments5 to allow for appropriate, effective and efficient relief.

1 http://www.unfpa.org/women/1325.htm 2 http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/assessing.htm 3 http://www.unfpa.org/news/news.cfm?ID=635 4 http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/newsletter/all.htm#census 5 http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/newsletter/april2004/all.htm#iraq

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Women’s security in the context of HIV/AIDS

The scale of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has led the United Nations Security Council to make a historical move by adopting resolution 1308 which not only addresses a health issue for the first time, but specifically links the spread of HIV/AIDS to the maintenance of global peace and security. In certain regions, HIV/AIDS is killing people at such a massive rate that it even questions human survival in some settings. In the context of HIV/AIDS, the security of women is particularly at risk. Whether it is economic security, food security, health security, personal or political security, women and young girls are affected in a very specific way due to their physical, emotional and material differences and due to the important social, economic, and political inequalities existing between women and men. A gender-sensitive approach to HIV prevention is one of UNFPA’s main priorities. As one of ten sponsors of UNAIDS, UNFPA is engaged in a collaborative response aimed at preventing HIV transmission, providing care and support, reducing the vulnerability of individuals and communities to HIV, and alleviating the impact of the epidemic. Within this joint effort, UNFPA has lead responsibilities in the area of condom procurement and programming6.

Women and trafficking

One of the most serious challenges facing human rights today is the crime of human trafficking and its various dimensions, including organized crime, prostitution, insecurity, migration, labour and health. Trafficking and sexual slavery are inextricably linked to conflict. Armed conflict increases the risk of women and girls being trafficked across international borders to be used in forced labour schemes that often include sexual slavery and/or forced prostitution. UNFPA works on trafficking, both through partnerships and by promoting dialogue to bring greater visibility to the issue and share information about it. UNFPA’s strategies and interventions to address trafficking include information and awareness raising campaigns about the health consequences of trafficking, provision of reproductive health services and counseling to victims of trafficking, technical assistance and training for governments, and cooperation between countries who are receivers and senders of trafficked individuals.

Data collection and utilization

A cornerstone for better programming for human security is data availability. UNFPA has been playing a leading operational role in developing country capacities for data collection and analysis on population and development including reproductive health and gender. This includes technical and financial assistance to national statistical offices and ministries, the establishment of central and decentralized databases, capacity development, and support for the conduct of Population and Housing Censuses, household surveys and other research exercises. From a UNFPA perspective, securing quality data collection and analyses supports evidence-based policy development, advocacy and gender equality programming. By supporting capacity development for the

6 http://www.unfpa.org/supplies/condoms.htm

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generation of good and reliable data, UNFPA also wants to ensure programming that is human- rights based and aimed at monitoring national progress towards achieving the MDGs.

Population, development and poverty

Poverty is an affront to human security. Linkages have also been established between population dynamics, development and poverty reduction. With this is mind, UNFPA facilitates policy dialogue and promotes the understanding of the complex linkages between population, poverty and sustainable social and economic development at both national and sub-national levels so that these linkages are taken into account in investment decisions and national development strategy formulation.

3. Please list the project your agency/fund/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

List of UNFPA projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or Project title Total budget* Start date Duration area (US$) Armenia Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally Displaced and Local Families (Joint $2,347,575 To be determined 2 years Programme with UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, FAO and UNIDO) Bhutan Basic Education/Literacy, Income Security and Employment for Vulnerable People including $2,235,839 2007 30 months Children and Women in Bhutan (Joint Programme with UNDP, WFP, UNICEF and UNV) Brazil Sustained Improvement of Human Security in the City of Sao Paulo, $3,180,550 2008 2 years Brazil (Joint Programme with WHO, UNESCO and UNICEF) Increasing Access to Sexual and Botswana Reproductive Health Services by $270,175 2002 2 years Youth Mobilizing Communities to Reduce Eritrea Reproductive Health Morbidity & $988,097 2003 3 years Mortality Strengthening Integrated Reproductive Health and Haiti Emergency Obstetric Services for $303,040 2001 3 years Women in Eight Departments of Haiti

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Country or Project title Total budget* Start date Duration area (US$) Joint Programme for the Support of Human Security in Honduras (Joint Honduras $1,286,753 2006 1 year Programme with UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, UNHCR and PAHO) Reproductive Health Support in Indonesia $1,355,061 2003 18 months Emergency Situations Enhancing Human Security in the Former Nuclear Test Site of $2,033,661 Kazakhstan 2007 3 years Semipalatinsk (Joint Programme with UNDP and UNICEF) Improvement of Community Kyrgyzstan Reproductive Health Services in the $513,339 2003 2 years Northern Regions of Kyrgyzstan Liberia Reduction of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Liberia (Joint $3,707,946 To be determined 18 months Programme with WHO) Reducing Socio-Economic Vulnerabilities of Selected Peri- Mongolia $988,235 2006 2 years Urban and Informal Mining Communities Support to Ex-poppy Farmers and Vulnerable Families in Border Myanmar $ 948,200 2007 2 years Areas (Joint Programme with WFP, FAO and UNODC) Enhancing Capacity for the Nigeria, Prevention and Treatment of $3,646,500 2005 5 years Pakistan, Mali Obstetric Fistula Isolated and Disenfranchised Communities in the occupied Occupied Palestinian territories (Joint Palestinian $5,276,745 2006 1 year Programme with UNDP, UNSCO, Territories UNRWA, UNICEF, WHO and UNIFEM) Regional - Strengthening Reproductive Health Pacific (Multi- and Information in South Pacific $1,587,833 2001 3 years Island) Island Countries The only opportunity: Human Security for the development of Peru women and children in Peru (Joint $2,062,343 2007 2 years Programme with UNICEF and PAHO) Integrated Community-based Reproductive Health /Family Philippines $480,587 2000 4 years Planning Project in the Province of Capiz

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Community-based Reproductive Health/Family Senegal Planning Services at Health $709,779 2003 2 years and Reproductive Services Delivery Points Sudan Capacity Building for African Union Forces in Darfur (Joint $3,085,790 2005 1 year Programme with UNDP, WFP, WHO, UNIFEM and UNICEF) Support to Safe Motherhood in Sudan $1,298,374 2006 2 years Nuba Mountains Improving Quality of Social Services and Infrastructure & Reproductive Health for Turkmenistan $1,236,598 2006 3 years Refugees and Host Communities (Joint Programme with UNHCR) Reproductive Health Project Uganda for Internally Displaced $282,901 2002 2 years Persons in Gulu District

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

UN-HABITAT’s flagship Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 focuses on Enhancing Urban Security and Safety. The entire report is written based both on the human security concept and the recommendations put forward by the Commission on Human Security. UN-HABITAT has also recently contributed to a publication of the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT). A further publication entitled Enhancing Urban Safety and Human Security: UNTFHS Projects Implemented by UN-HABITAT in Afghanistan, Cambodia and Sri Lanka also focuses on human security. It can be downloaded at the following address: http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1061180

In addition to the explanation provided above, a focal point for the UNTFHS is appointed at the UN-HABITAT Geneva Office, whose role is to promote and mainstream human security within the work programme of the UN-HABITAT and to ensure that submissions to the UNTFHS adhere to the overall guidelines of the Trust Fund.

UN-HABITAT works on human security issues based on two main programmatic areas: the Disaster Management Programme and the Safer Cities Programme. In these two areas, over 30 countries received technical assistance in support of human security. The principles of UN- HABITAT operational projects, particularly in post-conflict and post-disaster situations in Asia, rest on an emphasis on protection and empowerment of communities. Community based approaches are promoted with a view towards empowering communities as well as towards creating enabling policies for governments to be able to protect their own people. Under the UNTFHS, the following projects thus far have been completed:

1. Partnership for Urban Poverty Reduction, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2. Support for Urban Youth at Risk: House for Youth, Cambodia and Vietnam 3. Partnership for Urban Poverty Reduction – Slum Upgrading, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 4. Rebuilding Urban Afghanistan 5. Rebuilding Communities in Northeast Sri Lanka

And currently, the following project is on-going:

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6. Protection, Reintegration and Resettlements of IDPs in Somalia

Three major projects in Asia have been reviewed and a comparative analysis was made of the human security situation as well as analysis of the relations amongst human security, slum upgrading and community empowerment.1

List of UN-Habitat projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Afghanistan Rebuilding Urban $3,660,415 2005 1 year Communities in Afghanistan Cambodia Phnom Penh – Local Partnerships for Urban Poverty $177,719 2000 2 years Reduction Cambodia Phnom Penh – Local Partnerships for Urban Poverty $1,114,975 2004 2 years Reduction – Phase II – Slum Upgrading Cambodia and Support for Youth At Risk: $360,627 2002 1 year Viet Nam House for Youth Somalia Protection, Reintegration and Resettlement of IDPs (Joint $4,150,752 2007 2 years Programme with UNDP, UNHCR, FAO and UNICEF) Sri Lanka Rebuilding Communities in $1,241,900 2005 1 year North East Sri Lanka

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

1 http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1061180

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The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

Ensuring human security for those who fall under its mandate is the central aspect of the work of UNHCR. The organization assists and protects all persons who qualify as refugees according to the definition used in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. International protection comprises the right of refugees to safe asylum, as well as freedom of thought, of movement and freedom from torture and degrading treatment. Economic and social rights are equally applicable. In effect, this is the definition of human security used by UNHCR. In addition, UNHCR is committed to finding durable solutions to refugee crises by encouraging self-reliance and rebuilding communities. Though it does not have a specific mandate in this field, UNHCR has also been focusing on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) for several years. IDPs flee their homes for the same reasons as refugees, but remain within their own country and are thus subject to the laws of that state.

All key UNHCR documents and publications reflect the prioritization of human security in the functions and responsibilities of UNHCR. Listed below are some examples of UNHCR publications which deal with the question of human security and protection:

- UNHCR, State of the World’s Refugees, Oxford University Press, 2000. - Article in UNHCR journal ‘New Issues in Refugee Research’, Paper No. 140, entitled ‘“A violation of his or her human security” New grounds for the recognition of refugee status: a proposal for reform’, by Mahreen Afzal. - UNHCR Executive Committee Conclusion No. 102 (LVI) 2005 – ‘General Conclusion on International Protection’ (see in particular f-j).

Meanwhile, the following are some of the official statements made by UNHCR on human security:

- Statement by Ms. Gesche Karrenbrock, Deputy Director of the Division of Operational Services, at the Senior Official-Level Meeting on Human Security (Tokyo) on 23 March 2007. - Keynote speech by Mrs. Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, at the International Symposium on Human Security (Tokyo) on 28 July 2000. - Keynote address by Mrs. Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, at the Ministerial Meeting on Human Security Issues of the “Lyseon Process” Group of Governments (Bergen) on 19 May 1999.

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As the core of UNHCR’s mandate is the human security of refugees and other populations of concern, all divisions and staff under the leadership of the High Commissioner deal with human security related issues. Below are some of the divisions which deal most directly with human security:

1) Division of International Protection (in charge of protection operation and legal support for refugees and other populations of concern); 2) Division of Operational Services (in charge of capacity building of emergency preparedness and response, operational management support, and establishment of partnerships with other international institutions and agencies); 3) Division of External Relations (in charge of support received under the UN Trust Fund for Human Security).

UNHCR implements strategies to promote human security throughout the displacement cycle of refugees and IDPs (emergency, care and maintenance, local settlement and durable solutions). In particular, UNHCR gives direct support to a) people caught up in violent conflict, b) people on the move and c) people who are recovering from violent conflict. The report of the Commission on Human Security emphasizes the unique vulnerability of such populations, which needs to be better addressed by the joint efforts of the UN system.

As already stated, all UNHCR projects are related to human security. Listed below are those which are already funded by UNTFHS and those submitted for funding:

Protection and Emergencies

- e Centre (Capacity building for Emergency Response). - Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally Displaced and Local Families in Armenia (Support for Shelter) -- to be funded.

Empowerment and Self-Reliance

- Imagine Coexistence pilot projects (Bosnia and Rwanda). - Zambia Initiative (Local Integration of Angolan refugees in Zambia). - Support of Internally Displaced Communities in Colombia (Social services and capacity building of IDP associations). - Protection of vulnerable populations in Ecuador (support to the population affected by the Colombian conflict). - Assistance to refugee-hosting areas in Ethiopia. - Local integration assistance in Turkmenistan.

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- Local integration of Georgian refugees in North Ossetia, Russian Federation --- to be funded. - Strengthening Human Security through Poverty Reduction and Social Development for Refugees and Host Communities in Gabon (Support for Livelihoods) --- to be funded.

Transition and Durable Solutions

- Assistance to refugees in Ghana (Durable solution though livelihoods). - Reintegration assistance to heavily impacted returnee communities in Somalia --- to be funded. - Return and reintegration in Southern Sudan (with the support of the Government of Japan.)

List of UNHCR projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or Project title Total budget* Start date Duration area (US$) Armenia Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally Displaced and Local To be $2,347,575 2 years Families (Joint Programme with determined UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, FAO and UNIDO) Bosnia and Imagine Coexistence – A Project Rwanda to Ensure the Sustainable Repatriation and Reintegration of $1,262,500 2001 15 months People Returning to Divided Communities Colombia Support for Internally Displaced $1,100,550 2004 1 year Persons in Colombia Ecuador Integrated Approach for the Protection of Vulnerable Populations Affected by the Colombian Conflict on Ecuador’s $1,914,219 2006 2 years Northern Border (Joint Programme with UNICEF and WFP) Ethiopia Coordinated Rural Development of IDP and Refugee Impacted Communities in the Somali $1,440,703 2006 1 year Regional State of Ethiopia (Joint Programme with UNICEF, UNDP and IOM) Gabon Strengthening Human Security through Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Social Development To be for Refugees and Local Host $1,986,101 2 years determined Communities in Gabon (Joint Project with UNDP, FAO and WHO)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Ghana Assistance to the Refugees of the UNHCR Settlements in Buduburam and Krisan for their Repatriation, Local Integration and Resettlement $1,745,782 2007 2 years through Micro and Small-Scale Enterprise Development (Joint Programme with FAO and UNIDO) Honduras Joint Program for the Support of Human Security (with $1,286,753 2006 1 year UNICEF, FAO, UNDP, PAHO, and UNFPA) Kenya Lokichokio, Kakuma and Dadaab Host Community $2,073,200 2007 3 years Project (Joint Programme with WFP, UNICEF and UNDP) Regional – Asia Regional Emergency Training Pacific Programme for Asia-Pacific $720,711 2004 13 months Region – e-Centre Creation of Programme for the Regional – Asia Regional Emergency Training $1,925,403 2000 3 years Pacific for Asia-Pacific Region – e- Centre (with OCHA) Russian Sustainable Integration and Federation Recovery in North Ossetia- $3,711,043 2007 3 years Alania (Joint Programme with UNDP, ILO and FAO) Somalia Protection, Reintegration and Resettlement of IDPs (Joint Programme with UN- $4,150,752 2007 2 years HABITAT, UNDP, FAO and UNICEF) Tanzania, United Strengthening Human Security Republic of Through Sustainable Human Development in Northwestern $4,150,791 2005 3 Years Tanzania (Joint Programme with UNDP, FAO, UNIDO, WFP and UNICEF) Improving Quality of Social Services and Infrastructure & Reproductive health for Turkmenistan $1,236,598 2006 3 years Refugees and Host Communities (Joint Programme with UNFPA) Zambia The Zambia Initiative (with $1,201,020 2004 2 years UNOPS)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

The following official statements have been made by UNICEF (this list is not exhaustive):

- UNICEF Tokyo Director Dan Rohrmann’s statements made towards the Government of Japan’s contribution for UNICEF’s polio eradication and child survival programmes in Nigeria, Afghanistan, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo on 14 June 2007. - UNICEF Programme Division Director Alan Court’s statements at the Second Meeting of the “Friends of Human Security (FHS)” on 20 April 2007. - UNICEF Programme Division Director Alan Court’s statements at Senior Official-Level Meeting on Human Security on 23 March 2007. - UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Kul Gautam’s speech at the Special Summit of the African Union on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria on 4 May 2006. - UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Kul Gautam’s speech at the third World Congress on Child and Youth Health on 11 May 2003. - UNICEF Executive Director Carol Bellamy’s speech at the "What is expected of United Nations Diplomacy now?” on 17 March 2003. - UNICEF Executive Director Carol Bellamy’s statements at a conference on children and violence on 29 September 2001

UNICEF also published an internal assessment on UNICEF’s use of the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (2002-2004) and a UN Trust Fund for Human Security Handbook on the UNICEF Intranet.

UNICEF’s organizational plan, adopted as medium-term strategic plan for 2006 to 2009 and entitled “Investing in children: the UNICEF contribution to poverty reduction and the Millennium Summit agenda” mentions that “The Secretary-General’s review of five years’ experience in the follow-up to the Millennium Summit stresses the imperatives and reinforcing nature of development, human security and human rights”. By the provisions and principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, UNICEF’s mission is to advocate for the protection of children’s rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. The realization of children’s rights necessarily depends on strengthening both peace and security. The concept of human security with its key components of empowerment and protection thus shares a common interface with UNICEF’s Human Rights-Based Approach to Programming (HRBAP) and UNICEF programmes are helping peace consolidation, human security and achievement of the MDGs. Mr. Joe Judd and the succeeding Director of the Programme Division, Mr. Alan Court, have been dealing with human security as focal points from a programmatic

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perspective. Both have made statements on human security at various occasions, including recent statements delivered at the Senior Official-Level Meeting on Human Security on 23 March 2007 and the Second Meeting of the "Friends of Human Security (FHS)” on 20 April 2007 as mentioned above. The cluster E Programme Funding Office has been the focal point on funding issues.

List of UNICEF projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Armenia Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally Displaced and Local $2,347,575 To be determined 2 years Families (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNHCR, UNFPA, FAO and UNIDO) Bhutan Basic Education/Literacy, Income Security and Employment for Vulnerable People including Children and $2,235,839 2007 30 months Women in Bhutan (Joint Programme with UNFPA, WFP, UNV and UNDP) Brazil Sustained Improvement of Human Security in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joint $3,180,550 2008 2 years Programme with UNFPA, UNESCO and WHO) Burundi Inter-Agency Programme on the Sustainable Rehabilitation of War Victims (Joint $2,182,491 2006 20 months Programme with UNDP, UNIFEM and UNESCO) Cambodia Seth Koma-Survival and Development of Children in $1,027,425 2004 2 years Rural Areas of Cambodia through Village Action Plans Regional - Providing support for Central Asia Alternative Care Arrangements (Kazakhstan, for Children without Familial Kyrgyzstan, Care $2,160,000 2004 3 years Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Democratic Girl’s Development and Republic of the Education $1,063,823 2005 19 months Congo Timor-Leste 100 Schools Project - Securing $1,169,964 2005 2 years Lifelines and Livelihoods Ecuador Integrated Approach for the Protection of Vulnerable Populations Affected by the Colombian Conflict on Ecuador’s $1,914,219 2006 2 years Northern Border (Joint Programme with UNHCR and WFP) Ethiopia Coordinated Rural Development of IDP and Refugee Impacted Communities in the Somali $1,440,703 2006 1 year Regional State of Ethiopia (Joint Programme with UNHCR, UNDP and IOM) Grenada Restoring Livelihoods after Hurricanes Ivan and Emily (Joint $1,026,538 2006 18 months Programme with FAO, UNDP and UNIFEM) Honduras Joint Program for the Support of Human Security (with UNDP, $1,286,753 2006 1 year FAO, UNHCR, PAHO, and UNFPA) Indonesia The Development of schools and Teaching to Improve the Ability of Children and their $ 1,007,475 2002 1 year Communities to Maintain their Human Security – Aceh, Maluku and North Maluku Enhancing Human Security in the Former Nuclear Test Site of $2,033,661 Kazakhstan 2007 3 years Semipalatinsk (Joint Programme with UNDP and UNFPA) Kenya Drought Emergency $1,009,985 2001 1 year Kenya Lokichokio, Kakuma and Dadaab Host Community Project (Joint $2,073,200 2007 3 years Programme with WFP, UNHCR and UNDP) Kosovo Reactivation of Quality Primary $16,160,000 2000 31 months Education in Kosovo Kosovo Emergency School Rehabilitation $437,553 2000 8 months in Decane Lao People’s Girls Education and Community Democratic Development for Awareness $506,669 2003 28 months Republic Raising and Prevention of Girl Trafficking

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Mongolia Human Health Security: Promoting Sustainable Primary Health Care and Infectious $530,250 2001 1 year Disease Prevention in Mongolia Mongolia Sustainable Primary Health $658,800 2004 2 years Care Nigeria Roll back Malaria (RBM) Initiative with Emphasis on the $997,052 2003 1 year Promotion of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) Occupied Isolated and Disenfranchised Palestinian Communities in the Occupied Territories Palestinian territories (Joint $5,276,745 2006 1 year Programme with UNSCO, UNIFEM, WHO, UNDP, UNRWA and UNFPA) Papua New Strengthening Human Security Guinea for Women in Internally Displaced Populations through Health Education and $2,725,461 2006 47 months HIV/AIDS Care in Papua New Guinea – Phases I and II (Joint Programme with WHO) Peru The Only Opportunity - Maternal Health and Integrated $707,000 2002 2 years Early Childhood Development Peru Natural Disasters in Peru: from Damage Limitation to Risk Management and Prevention $1,576,484 2006 2 years (Joint Programme with WFP, UNICEF, PAHO and UNDP) The only opportunity: Human Security for the development of Peru women and children in Peru $2,062,343 2007 2 years (Joint Programme with UNFPA and PAHO) Philippines Preventive Actions and Early Interventions Against Child $214,747 2001 41 months Abuse and Exploitation in Urban Poor Communities Somalia Humanitarian Programme for Internally Displaced and $1,104,860 2003 2 years Unsettled Populations Somalia Protection, Reintegration and Resettlement of IDPs (Joint Programme with UN- $4,150,752 2007 2 years HABITAT, UNHCR, FAO and UNDP)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Sudan Capacity Building for African Union Forces in Darfur (Joint Programme with UNFPA, $3,085,790 2005 1 year WFP, WHO, UNIFEM and UNDP) Sudan Crossing the Bridge of Peace: Victim Assistance and Mine Risk Education for Human $1,726,824 2006 18 months Security (Joint Programme with UNMAS/UNOPS) Tajikistan Sustainable Safe Drinking Water Supply to Rural Schools $1,155,590 2002 27 months & Health Institutions Tanzania, United Basic Education and Republic of HIV/AIDS and Life Skills for $711,263 2004 2 years Out of School Children in Tanzania Tanzania, United Strengthening Human Security Republic of Through Sustainable Human Development in Northwestern $4,150,791 2005 3 Years Tanzania (Joint Programme with UNHCR, FAO, UNIDO, WFP and UNICEF) Viet Nam Healthy Living and Life Skills $980,309 2003 27 months Education for HIV Prevention Zimbabwe Promotion of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Support for Children and Adolescents $1,030,000 2004 2 years Affected by HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Enhancing Food Security through Empowerment of $1,389,333 2006 2 years Schools (Joint Programme with FAO)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

UNIDO has made the following official statements and publications:

The UNIDO long-term vision statement1 defines the role of the organization in helping societies emerging from crisis situations resulting from natural or man-made disasters, including violent conflicts. To cope with these challenges, the UNIDO vision statement envisages a number of cross-cutting approaches, among which it explicitly emphasizes a “human security concept through activities for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of industrial infrastructure in post- crisis societies.”2 More specifically, “UNIDO will provide services for enterprise rehabilitation in key industrial areas, promoting income-generating activities for specific groups of affected people, supporting institutional capacity-building and contributing to the rehabilitation of industrial infrastructure.” Furthermore, it calls for the promotion of partnerships with organizations of the private sector and civil society.3

The UNIDO Medium-Term Programme Framework (2008-2011)4 foresees in the context of UNIDO crosscutting approaches “assistance to the enhancement of human security in crisis situations, complex emergencies or in situations where structural factors create special concerns for vulnerable groups. In this area, UNIDO will offer its services within the context of the human security framework, which complements the human development concept by focusing on both the risks and insecurities that threaten human lives, and the benefits of development. While the concept of human security has broad connotations, UNIDO will interpret it in the framework of its mandates and competencies and will provide its services in cooperation and coordination with other international organizations and development partners as stipulated in the strategic long- term vision statement. In adopting the human security approach, UNIDO will seek to contribute to crisis prevention by helping to create sustainable livelihoods for the most vulnerable groups in society, and women, youth and informal sector producers in particular. […] With regard to human security issues in post-crisis situations, UNIDO interventions will address both the formal and informal sector […].”5

1 UNIDO Strategic Long-Term Vision, GC.11/8, 2005 2 Ibid., p. 13 3 Ibid. 4 UNIDO Medium-term Programme Framework, 2008-2011, IDB.32/CRP.5 5 Ibid., p. 11

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In March 2006, UNIDO created the Human Security Coordination Unit within its Special Programmes Group, as part of the Programme Coordination and Field Operations Division. The Unit is responsible for developing and coordinating UNIDO support programmes for countries facing challenges to human security as a result of complex emergencies. Moreover, a UNIDO strategy document on human security is currently under preparation.

3. Please list the projects your agency/programme is involved in support of human security. Please cover all completed, ongoing and planned projects, including both United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS) funded projects and other human security projects financed from other sources of funding.

UNIDO is presently implementing nine projects funded from resources provided by the UN Trust Fund for Human Security and has also submitted two proposals for consideration (see table below for further details).

UNIDO, as a UN specialized agency, is implementing a large number of projects and programmes in various countries and funded from many different sources, in areas of its comparative advantage and in line with its thematic priorities. While obviously, many of these proposals are dealing with various problems of socio-economic development, the organization does not classify such projects in terms of its relationship with issues falling under the concept of human security and therefore is unable to provide such information as requested by HSU/OCHA at this stage.

List of UNIDO projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Afghanistan Assistance in reducing the humanitarian deficit of war- affected rural communities through $876,579 2004 2 years increased agricultural productivity and promotion of auxiliary income- generating activities Armenia Sustainable Livelihood for Socially Vulnerable Refugees, Internally To be Displaced and Local Families (Joint $2,347,575 2 years determined Programme with UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, FAO and UNHCR) Bangladesh Improving Human Security by $1,318,692 2004 45 months Mitigating Arsenic Poisoning Ghana Assistance to the Refugees of the UNHCR Settlements in Buduburam and Krisan for their Repatriation, Local Integration and Resettlement $1,745,782 2007 2 years through Micro and Small-Scale Enterprise Development (Joint Programme with UNHCR and FAO)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Guinea Quick Impact Programme for Refugee Zones: Community Based Production Centres and $1,124,414 2005 3 years Community Rehabilitation Projects Indonesia Realizing Minimum Living Standards for Disadvantaged Communities through Peace To be $1,799,600 3 years Building and Village Based determined Economic Development (Joint Programme with ILO) Lao People’s Social and Economic Democratic Rehabilitation of Former Republic Opium Poppy-growing $2,412,550 2007 3 years Communities - Alternative Livelihood Development (Joint Programme with UNODC) Malawi Empowering Poor Rural Communities with Labour- Saving Technologies for $1,193,183 2005 2 years Increased Labour Productivity, Production Sri Lanka Support for Sustainable Livelihood Recovery Among Conflict Affected Population in the North-East Regions $1,779,298 2006 2 years through Improved Agricultural Productivity and Community- based Entrepreneurship Sudan Revitalization of Agricultural Productive Capacities in post Conflict Zones by Promoting Participation and Community $1,258,256 2003 40 months Building for Food Security and Poverty Alleviation Nuba Mountains Region, Sudan. Tanzania, United Strengthening Human Security Republic of Through Sustainable Human Development in Northwestern $4,150,791 2005 3 Years Tanzania (Joint Programme with UNHCR, FAO, UNDP, WFP and UNICEF) Uganda Multi-skills Training and Community service facilities $1,436,987 2005 3 years for Sustainable Livelihoods and Poverty Alleviation

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

Below is a representative list of publications on the participation of women in the prevention of conflict and peace-building processes.

- Advancing Gender Equality – Using CEDAW and UN Security Council Resolution 1325, (2006). - Towards Achieving the MDGs in Sudan: Centrality of Women’s Leadership and Gender Equality, (2005). - Securing the Peace: Guiding the International Community towards Women’s Effective Participation throughout Peace Processes, (2005). - Contributions to Peace Building in Colombia: Best Practices from a Gender Perspective, (2005). - Report of the Learning Oriented Assessment of Gender Mainstreaming and Women’s Empowerment Strategies in Rwanda, (2005). - Peace Needs Women and Women and Women Need Justice: Report of the Conference on Gender Justice in Post-Conflict Situations, (2004). - Women, Peace and Security: UNIFEM Supporting Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325, (2004). - Getting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, (2004). - Women, Peace and Security, Published with ACCORD (Conflict Trends, Issue 3/2003). - Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-Building, (Progress of the World’s Women 2002, Vol. 1).

Below is a representative list of publications focusing on eliminating gender inequalities in the global peace and security agenda, with direct consequences for internally displaced and refugee women.

- The Case of Women Migrant Workers: A UNIFEM Briefing Paper (Asia Pacific and Arab States Regional Programme on Empowering Women Migrant Workers in Asia) (2005). - My Life Changed: Female Migration, Perceptions and Impacts, (2005). - Women at the Edge: Colombian Refugees in Ecuador, (2005). - Security Council Resolution 1325 – A Tool Box, (2003 – present). - Women’s Land and Property Rights in Situations of Conflict and Reconstruction, (2001). - Human Rights Protections Applicable to Women Migrant Workers: A UNIFEM Briefing Paper, (2003). - Empowering Women Migrant Workers in Asia: A Briefing Kit, (2002). Below is a representative list of publications on ending violence against women and girls.

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- A Life Free of Violence Is Our Right! The UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women, (2007). - Domestic Violence against Women – A Briefing Kit (2005). - Report of the United Nations Development Fund for Women on the Elimination of Violence Against Women: Note by the Secretary-General, (2005). - Dossier on Domestic Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean, (2005). - Public Service Announcement, "Violence Against Women: Not a Minute More" – A Film in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), (2003). - Making a Difference: Strategic Communications to End Violence Against Women, (2003). - Trafficking in Persons: A Gender and Rights Perspective: Briefing Kit, (2002). - No Safe Place: An Assessment on Violence against Women in Kosovo, (2001). - With an End in Sight, (2000). - Report of the United Nations Development Fund for Women on the Elimination of Violence Against Women: Note by the Secretary-General, (Annual Report).

Below is a representative list of publications on reducing the impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis on women and girls.

- Mainstreaming Gender Equality into National Response to HIV and AIDS: Nigerian Case Study, (2006). - Gender Responsive Budgeting and Women’s Reproductive Rights: A Resource Pack, (2006). - Transforming the National AIDS Response: Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Women’s Human Rights into the “Three Ones”, (2006). - Resource Pack on Gender and HIV/AIDS, (2005). - Women and HIV/AIDS: Confronting the Crisis, (2004). - Public Service Announcements to Prevent Violence Against Women and the Spread of HIV/AIDS - A Film in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California (2004). - Women: Meeting the Challenges of HIV/AIDS, (2003). - Act Now! A Resource Guide for Young Women on HIV/AIDS, (2002). - Turning the Tide: CEDAW and the Gender Dimensions of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic, (2001). - Gender, HIV and Human Rights: A Training Manual, (2000).

Below is a representative list of publications highlighting ways to strengthen women’s control over economic and social resources.

- Gender Responsive Budgeting and Women’s Reproductive Rights: A Resource Pack, (2006). - The Story Behind the Numbers: Women and Employment in Central and Eastern Europe and the Western Commonwealth of Independent States, (2006). - Promoting Gender Equality in New Aid Modalities and Partnerships, (2006). - Gender, Health and Development in the Americas: Basic Indicators, (2005). - Progress of the World’s Women 2005: Women, Work & Poverty, (2005). - Women’s Empowerment: Measuring the Global Gap, (2005).

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- Bridging the Gender Digital Divide: A Report on Gender and ICT in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, (2005). - Economics and Gender: Macroeconomics, Fiscal Policy and Liberalization: An Analysis of Their Impact on Women, (2004). - Gender Budget Initiatives: Strategies, Concepts and Experiences, (2002). - Women in Mongolia: Mapping Progress under Transition, (2001).

The following official statements and speeches have addressed human security in its broadest sense.

- Equality, Development and Peace Means Ending Violence against Women, Statement by Noeleen Heyzer, 08.03.07. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=564 - Women’s Roles in Peace Consolidation, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 26.10.06. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=523 - Poverty and Women’s Work in the Informal Economy, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 16.02.06. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=413 - Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Violence and HIV/AIDS, Statement by Noeleen Heyzer, 25.11.05. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=373 - Securing a Just and Sustainable Peace: Strengthening Women’s Effective Participation in Peace Processes, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 27.10.05. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=338 - Gender Justice in Post-Conflict Countries, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 28.10.04. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=175 - Women, War and Peace: Mobilizing for Security and Justice in the 21st Century, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 22.09.04. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=173 - Promoting an Integrated Approach to Rural Development in Developing Countries for Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 24.03.03. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=162 - Human Security Through Women’s Eyes: Bringing the Local to the Global and the Global to the Local, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 25.10.02. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=156 - Leadership for Human Security to Create a World Free of Violence, Speech by Noeleen Heyzer, 17.10.01. http://www.unifem.org/news_events/story_detail.php?StoryID=204

UNIFEM provides financial and technical assistance to innovative programmes and strategies to foster women’s empowerment and gender equality. Furthermore, mirroring the core tenets of

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human security, UNIFEM reaches out to women and children in local communities to protect the socially vulnerable from the effects of gender discrimination, conflict, economic deprivation and in some cases, natural disasters. In this way, UNIFEM has aligned itself with the notion of freedom from want and freedom from fear, key principles of human security since 1999. UNIFEM has drawn upon five specific and inter-related issues that link the local to the global and that honor women’s interests, creativity and concerns.

UNIFEM programming – Five elements of human security:

1. Participation of women in prevention of conflict and peace-building processes. 2. Eliminating gender inequalities in the global peace and security agenda, with direct consequences for internally displaced and refugee women. 3. Ending violence against women and girls. 4. Reducing the impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis on women. 5. Strengthening women’s control over economic and social resources.

1. Participation of women in prevention of conflict and peace-building processes.

Lasting peace requires women’s engagement in all aspects of the peace processes and a systematic attention to their needs and priorities are crucial to the creation of sustainable peace. Security Council resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security was passed on the 31st of October, 2001 by the United Nations Security Council. It was intended to ensure that women’s rights are protected during conflict, and their participation is supported at all stages and levels of peace- making, peace-keeping, and peace-building. UNIFEM was instrumental in advancing the Resolution, having worked in many conflict-affected countries to bring women to the peace table and strengthen their roles in peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction. The Department for International Development (DFID) is currently funding a UNIFEM programme entitled: Supporting Women’s Engagement in Peace-Building and Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict (2007-2009). Another recent project, funded by the governments of Sweden and Finland is Women for Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding in the Southern Caucasus – Phase II (2005-2006). In this way, women are brought into decision-making mechanisms which affect constitutional and legal reforms as well as institution-building processes in peace-building and post-conflict situations.

2. Eliminating gender inequalities in the global peace and security agenda, with direct consequences for internally displaced and refugee women.

Many women and their families are displaced – whether due to natural disasters or to conflict – living in extreme poverty without access to clean water, energy, sanitation, means of livelihood and education. UNIFEM works to strengthen the capacity of internally displaced and refugee women by providing them opportunities to reinforce and safeguard their interests at the community level. These projects, which range from support for micro-enterprises to centers which offer courses and services, assist women in their efforts to create a sustainable economic, social and political environment. This focus is exemplified by programmes funded by the United Nations

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Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS): Women’s Leadership and Livelihoods in Relief and Reconstruction in Tsunami-Affected Communities (2005-2006); and Promoting Reintegration of Returning IDP/Refugee Women in Community Building (Afghanistan) (2003-2005).

3. Ending violence against women and girls.

Fighting gender-based violence is one of the four strategic goals in UNIFEM’s Multi Year Funding Framework (MYFF). In recognition of UNIFEM’s experience in working to end violence against women, the General Assembly passed Resolution 50/166 in 1996, mandating the management of the UN Trust Fund in Support of Actions to Eliminate Violence Against Women to UNIFEM. The Trust Fund is the only multilateral grant-making mechanism that supports local, national and regional efforts to combat violence. Since it began operations in 1997, the Trust Fund has distributed nearly US$13 million to 226 innovative programmes and has grants ranging from $25,000 to $125,000 to address violence against women in more than 100 countries.

In addition, UNIFEM supports local organizations and governments in tackling gender-based violence, demonstrating that violence is neither random nor inevitable, and never acceptable. Two recent programmes include a UNTFHS funded project: Empowerment of Women and Adolescents at Social Risk in Central America – Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Promotion of Human Rights, (2005-2006); and a programme sponsored by UNIFEM entitled: Strengthening Capacity to Implement the National Program of Action for the Advancement of Women in Mongolia – Phase 1 (2000-2004).

4. Reducing the impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis on women.

Gender equality and a human rights approach are central to UNIFEM’s work on women and HIV/AIDS. As one of the four core elements of the MYFF, UNIFEM continuously seeks to raise awareness on the gender and health aspects of the HIV/AIDS crisis – as one of the greatest threats to women’s lives and security in the world today. The scourge of HIV/AIDS exacerbates the heavy burdens women already have to carry – the epidemic is mostly prevalent in poverty-stricken areas, where gender inequalities contribute to the sexual exploitation of women and girls. UNIFEM programmes support women’s participation in policy-making on HIV/AIDS, and build partnerships with national HIV/AIDS councils, women’s groups, and local, national and international organizations. The UNTFHS funding provided support to UNIFEM to implement: Enhancing Human Security through Gender Equality in the Context of HIV/AIDS (2002-2006). Another recent project Capacity Building for Mainstreaming Gender Analysis in HIV/AIDS Programming in the Caribbean (2007) funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) also addresses this urgent issue.

5. Strengthening women’s control over economic and social resources.

Reducing feminized poverty has always been a central priority for UNIFEM, and remains one of the four core elements of the MYFF. UNIFEM seeks to support women in reshaping conditions at both ends of the economic spectrum: programmes help bring gender equality into trade and

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economic policies, and expand women’s access to markets, goods and services. In most countries, it is particularly women whose work is undervalued. Their access to productive assets and resources is frequently limited and many do not have the legal rights to own either the land they till or the assets that would enable them to invest in it. In addition, a wide range of economic, social and cultural barriers hinder girls from acquiring primary education. UNIFEM works to strengthen women’s economic security and rights to enjoy secure livelihoods through skills training, employment and access to markets. Two recent programmes tailored to enhance women’s security and rights, are Women’s Right to Land and Sustainable Livelihood in Kyrgyzstan (2004- 2007), sponsored by the government of Norway; and Women’s Empowerment in the Marketplace (2002-2007) supported by the Arab Gulf Programme for the United Nations Development Organizations (AGFUND).

With regard to the above, virtually all aspects of UNIFEM’s work reflect the spirit of human security, and UNIFEM’s multi-year funding framework (MYFF) provides the strategic organizational framework for UNIFEM to most effectively address:

(a) feminized poverty and exclusion; (b) violence against women; (c) the spread of HIV/AIDS among women and girls; and (d) gender equality in democratic governance in times of peace as well as in recovery from war.

These objectives are the foundation for all UNIFEM projects, and inherently mirror the objective of human security to protect the socially vulnerable from vital threats. The MYFF works on a four-year basis, building on the achievements and lessons learned from previous strategies and business plans. As in the past, the MYFF 2004-2007 which was published in January 2004 works to increase development effectiveness, strengthen strategic partnerships, and mobilize resources for the next four years.

The programmes in these four areas are implemented by the following UNIFEM sections.

- The Governance, Peace and Security section works to include women in the processes of peace negotiations and post-conflict reconstruction, going beyond ending warfare to setting the stage for gender equality in the nation-building process. For almost ten years, UNIFEM, in co-operation with governments, other United Nations bodies, international and national organizations and non-governmental partners, has assisted women in conflict situations and supported their participation in peace processes.

The passage of Security Council resolution 1325, in which UNIFEM played a vital role was approved on the 31st of October 2000. The Resolution was accompanied by a more integrated United Nations system approach to post-conflict reconstruction and was instrumental in defining the concept of human security through a gender-lens. It has created new awareness, constituencies and commitments to bringing women into peace-building in partnership with

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men in such varied places as Burundi, Timor Leste, Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Iraq.

- Violence Against Women and HIV/AIDS programming is guided by UNIFEM’s Human Rights section. CEDAW (the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) and the Beijing Platform for Action are the touchstones for UNIFEM’s programming in general, and a special focus of the Human Rights section. In addition, the UNIFEM managed Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women plays a vital role in getting resources to local, regional and national initiatives to stop the pandemic of violence against women.

- The Economic Security and Rights section, which includes programmes to promote the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), supports governments, women’s organizations, and civil society to ensure that planning and budgeting more effectively respond to gender equality goals.

UNIFEM is organized into fifteen regional offices and two country programme offices which are operational in five geographical areas: Africa, Americas and the Caribbean, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Europe and the CIS. These divisions implement and oversee programmes, consult with a wide range of stakeholders from the local to national levels, to help ensure that the initiatives reflect women’s concerns.

As aforementioned, UNIFEM’s Multi Year Funding Framework (MYFF) focuses its activities on four strategic areas: (1) reducing feminized poverty, (2) ending violence against women, (3) reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS among women and girls, and (4) achieving gender equality in democratic governance in times of peace as well as war. These objectives are aligned with the five core tenets of human security and are manifested in UNIFEM’s programmes which provide financial and technical assistance to foster women’s empowerment and gender equality. Below is a representative list of programmes the United Nations Trust Fund on Human Security and other donors have supported. An additional list of UNIFEM programmes can be found in the Annual Reports (2006).

a. Participation of women in prevention of conflict and peace-building processes.

Supporting Women’s Engagement in Peace-Building and Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict (2007-2009). – The project aims to support women’s efforts to prevent conflict and build peace in six countries – Afghanistan, Haiti, Liberia, Rwanda, Timor-Leste and Uganda – by fostering an environment that encourages their effective participation in community

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decision-making. - Project funded by the Department for International Development (DFID, UK)

Women for Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding in the Southern Caucasus – Phase II (2005- 2006). The project focused primarily on the improved understanding, monitoring and implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 in the three programme countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Through partnerships with gender equality institutions and advocates in government, and using CEDAW and resolution 1325 as the guiding frameworks, the project worked to build the governments’ capacities to identify gender priorities; mainstream these into core policies and programmes (i.e. Poverty Reduction Strategies [PRS], community development programmes, and Millennium Development Goals [MDGs]); and monitor implementation. The programme improved coordination and collaboration between the women’s movement and governments around the issues of gender equality and peacebuilding. Furthermore, it encouraged the inclusion of women and women’s human rights into decision-making processes at national and regional levels. - Project sponsored by the Governments of Sweden and Finland.

b. Eliminating gender inequalities in the global peace and security agenda, with direct consequences for internally displaced and refugee women.

Women’s Leadership and Livelihoods in Relief and Reconstruction in Tsunami-Affected Communities (2005-2006). The project aimed to ensure that the relief and reconstruction effort in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Somalia took into account the human rights, protection, livelihoods and leadership of women and women’s organizations. In Indonesia, the programme helped the government establish gender mainstreaming mechanisms; in Sri Lanka, progress was made in areas of gender-sensitive legislation; and in Somalia, awareness was raised among local communities on issues of gender-based violence which improved the advocacy of government partners for gender-responsive actions in the context of relief and reconstruction. - Project funded by the UNTFHS.

Promoting Reintegration of Returning IDP/Refugee Women in Community Building (Afghanistan) (2003-2005). The project aimed to support the reintegration of women into the society, and facilitate their participation in the reconstruction of their communities. UNIFEM worked to strengthen the capacity of women by helping them to create centers in which they could work together, and provided opportunities for the women to strengthen and safeguard their interests and rights at the community level and to advance sustainable, economic, social and political opportunities. The creation and operation of community centers resulted in a range of accomplishments such as: offering courses and services to women, mobilizing women to secure their rights and seek sustainable livelihoods and expanding livelihood options for women through micro-enterprise support. - Project sponsored by the UNTFHS.

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c. Ending violence against women and girls.

Empowerment of Women and Adolescents at Social Risk in Central America – Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Promotion of Human Rights, (2005-2006). The project promoted human security for women and adolescents at social risk by focusing on preventing violence against women and sexual exploitation. The work was undertaken at the community level in four departments in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, specifically in eight border or coastal municipalities where women and adolescents are especially at risk. Team members of the project participated in public information initiatives including a regional HIV/AIDS conference; launched the project’s micro-credit component with local partners; set up a lending mechanism and contracted gender counselors to assist with the loan process; and designed a study to assess women’s vulnerability in each of the project’s four departments. - Project funded by the UNTFHS.

Strengthening Capacity to Implement the National Program of Action for the Advancement of Women in Mongolia – Phase 1 (2000-2004). The project aimed at strengthening the implementation of laws on domestic violence, trafficking in women, rape and sexual harassment in Mongolia. Phase 1 of the programme has contributed significant inputs into government’s policies and programs through capacity building exercises, conducting numerous gender analysis, developing gender mainstreaming strategies, as well as coordinating the implementation strategies for the National Program on Gender Equality. The project also provided technical assistance in setting up a Task Force for developing a National Program on Domestic Violence, under the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs. In general, the UNIFEM Mongolia project played a key role in promoting policy dialogues between government, parliamentarians and other multilateral actors, as well as having been successful in developing partnerships and linkages between the NCGE, civil society and UN system organizations and donors. - Project funded by UNIFEM.

d. Reducing the impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis on women.

Enhancing Human Security through Gender Equality in the Context of HIV/AIDS (2002- 2006). The project aimed to bring about greater understanding of the function of gender stereotypes in fuelling the HIV/AIDS epidemic at local, national and regional levels. It also strove to ensure the integration of gender equality and women’s rights into key policies and programmes in project countries; Brazil, Cambodia, Honduras, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Thailand and Zimbabwe. To accomplish this it focused on strengthening legal and policy frameworks, including facilitating the participation of women living with HIV/AIDS in decision-making; enhancing awareness through training, capacity building and cultivating new partnerships; and community-driven approaches to address the pandemic. The programme effectively integrated gender equality and women’s rights into key HIV/AIDS legislation and policy frameworks in Kenya, India, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and Thailand. - Project funded by the UNTFHS.

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Capacity Building for Mainstreaming Gender Analysis in HIV/AIDS Programming in the Caribbean (2007). The initiative builds on the work undertaken in its first phase, which focused on deepening understanding of the gendered causes and consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the region to ensure gender mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS programmes. The second phase of the project focuses in particular on the education, health and social sectors, and will scale-up popular advocacy strategies centred on vulnerable populations. - Project sponsored by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).

e. Strengthening women’s control over economic and social resources.

Women’s Right to Land and Sustainable Livelihood in Kyrgyzstan (2004-2007). The objective of the project was to ensure rural women’s access to economic resources in the context of land reform and privatization processes, thereby protecting their fundamental rights to economic security and a sustainable livelihood. The Kyrgyzstan project worked in a holistic manner at the policy, meso, and grass-roots levels to raise public awareness on women’s economic rights and security, and to incorporate gender equality principles into land reform policies and legislation. The project strengthened the capacity of, and collaboration between, key actors in Government and civil society. In addition, it strove to mainstream gender and women’s human rights issues into national and United Nations interagency mechanisms and processes. This approach has resulted in tangible gains for poor rural women in Kyrgyzstan, through legislative reform, stronger partnerships among civil society and local government for gender- responsive planning and budgeting, and ultimately in access to land and related agricultural services and resources. - Project funded by the Government of Norway.

Women’s Empowerment in the Marketplace (2002-2007). The project had two components: (1) a regional pilot-country component, which focuses on the market and women’s empowerment; and (2) national components, whereby UNIFEM’s efforts in the pilot countries helped change the policy environment and strengthened national capacities. Pilot-country programming was implemented in India, Jordan, and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. This work was executed by UNIFEM and implemented through partners at the country level who carried out a broad range of activities, including: advocacy, capacity-building, development of a support network of third-party specialists, information facilitation, marketing, organizing of women, and tapping of the export market. Working in different economic sub-sectors, this project aimed to develop practical interventions based on the private sector value-chain approach and to advance women within the specific sub-sectors and to develop replicable strategies to stimulate reform. The overall strategy of the project included the expansion of market opportunities for women, the identification and reduction of obstacles to women’s participation in the marketplace, improved access for women to market sub-sectors, and the development of new products and services. The project worked to gain a better understanding of the disadvantages faced by women in the economic marketplace, with the goal of moving women up on the chain of value. - Project sponsored by the Arab Gulf Programme for the United Nations Development Organizations (AGFUND).

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List of UNIFEM projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Afghanistan Promoting Reintegration of Returning IDP/Refugee $1,030,000 2002 3 years Women in Community Development Burundi Inter-Agency Programme on the Sustainable Rehabilitation of War Victims (Joint $2,182,491 2006 20 months Programme with UNICEF, UNDP and UNESCO) Global – Africa, Enhancing Human Security 18 months (Latin Asia and the through Gender Equality in the America) Pacific, Latin Context of HIV/AIDS $3,030,000 2002 3 years America and the (Africa & Asia) Caribbean Grenada Restoring Livelihoods after Hurricanes Ivan and Emily $1,026,538 2006 18 months (Joint Programme with FAO, UNICEF and UNDP) Occupied Isolated and Disenfranchised Palestinian Communities in the Occupied Territories Palestinian territories (Joint $5,276,745 2006 1 year Programme with UNSCO, UNDP, WHO, UNICEF, UNRWA and UNFPA) Regional – Empowerment of Women and Central America Adolescents with Social Risk (Guatemala, in Central America $1,541,925 2005 22 months Honduras, El Salvador) Sudan Capacity Building for African Union Forces in Darfur (Joint Programme with UNFPA, $3,085,790 2005 1 year WFP, WHO, UNICEF and UNDP)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Mine Action Services (UNMAS)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

The United Nations Mine Action Service provides information about the UNTFHS’s support for mine action projects in Lebanon and Sudan through a variety of news releases, newsletters and reports, such as the following:

- Press release: “Japan Funds New UN Inter-Agency Project to Assist Sudan’s Landmine Victims and Help Prevent Future Injuries and Fatalities.” - Press release: “National Workshop (in Sudan) on Landmine/ERW Victim Assistance”. - Newsletter: UN Mine Action Office in Sudan’s report on a victim assistance workshop funded by UNTFHS. - Newsletter: Mine Action Support Group Newsletter, April-June 2006: “Funding for mine action through the UN Trust Fund for Human Security”. - “UNMAS in 2007: Activities and Requirements.” (Includes a description of UNTFHS projects in Sudan and Lebanon.) - “UNMAS Annual Report 2006.” (Includes description of projects Lebanon and Sudan that received support from the UNTFHS.) - “UNMAS Annual Report 2005.” (Includes description of projects Lebanon and Sudan that received support from the UNTFHS.)

Much of the work of the United Nations Mine Action Service addresses human security, even though most of the organization’s projects and programmes are not labeled as such. Mine action promotes human security by eliminating the fear of landmines and by providing rehabilitation and reintegration support to landmine survivors.

The United Nations Mine Action Service is the focal point for mine action in the UN system and plays a coordinating role for the fourteen different agencies, programmes, departments and funds involved in mine action. This entire inter-agency effort broadly addresses human security through various mine action initiatives, such as removing landmines to facilitate the safe return of refugees and internally displaced persons, by clearing landmines and explosive remnants of war from roads to allow the safe delivery of relief supplies in humanitarian crises, and by teaching children how to remain safe in a mine-affected environment.

The United Nations Mine Action Service participates in other United Nations efforts that ultimately build human security. For example, the United Nations Mine Action Service is the mine action focal point in the “Protection Cluster” led by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

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Another way the United Nations Mine Action Service addresses human security is through a Framework for Mine Action Planning and Rapid Response. This framework guides the rapid mobilization of mine action resources in emergency and crisis situations to minimize the threat of landmines and explosive remnants of war. The framework was followed most recently in southern Lebanon to protect civilians from hundreds of thousands of unexploded cluster munitions.

Two mine action projects—in Sudan and Lebanon—received funding from the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. The Sudan project was the first mine action initiative ever to receive support from the UNTFHS (additional information about these projects appears below).

In terms of staffing, the Government of Japan supported a Junior Professional Officer in the New York headquarters of the United Nations Mine Action Service. This officer’s responsibilities included developing mine action projects for possible funding through the UNTFHS. The Lebanon and Sudan field offices of the United Nations Mine Action Service also have staff dedicated to implementing the projects supported by the Fund.

Two projects under the management of the United Nations Mine Action Service are receiving support from the UNTFHS:

- “Operation Freedom from Fear: Community Empowerment to End the Threat of Cluster Munitions” (Lebanon). This effort originally focused on the elimination of landmines but was revised in 2006 to also address a new threat of unexploded cluster munitions. In this inter-agency initiative, the United Nations Mine Action Service is the lead agency and is in charge of coordination of clearance operations. The United Nations Development Programme is the lead agency for the part of the initiative that is empowering affected communities by providing vocational and skills training.

- “Crossing the Bridge of Peace: Victim Assistance and Mine Risk Education for Human Security in Sudan” is a joint initiative of the United Nations Mine Action Service, the United Nations Development Programme and UNICEF. The United Nations Mine Action Service is the overall coordinator of this initiative. The United Nations Development Programme is taking the lead in conducting needs assessments and technical support for socio-economic reintegration of victims of landmines and explosive remnants of war. UNICEF is raising awareness of affected communities.

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List of UNMAS projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Lebanon Social and Economic Empowerment of Mine- affected communities: Removing the Threat of Landmines and UXOs and $2,966,590 2006 2 years Promoting Post-de-mining Rehabilitation (Joint Programme with UNDP and UNOPS) Sudan Crossing the Bridge of Peace: Victim Assistance and Mine Risk Education for Human $1,726,824 2006 18 months Security (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNOPS and UNICEF)

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

UNODC has published numerous tools and publications related to human security. The UNODC Menu of Services published by UNODC provides examples from across the Organization. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html

UNODC has adopted the concept of human security institutionally. When the United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) and the Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP) merged into the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in August 2003, the Human Security Branch (HSB) under the Division for Operations (DO) was created. The Anti-Trafficking Section, the Global Challenges Section and the Rule of Law Section fall under the HSB. The following eight Units were also created under the three sections, of which most are involved in human security issues:

1. Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (ATU); 2. Anti-Organized Crime Unit and Law Enforcement Unit (AOCLEU); 3. HIV/AIDS Unit (HAU); 4. Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Unit (PTRU); 5. Sustainable Livelihoods Unit (SLU); 6. Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU); 7. Anti-Money Laundering Unit (AMLU); 8. Criminal Justice Reform Unit (CJRU).

The list below details the projects UNODC has undertaken with support from the UNTFHS.

1. LAOI28: Social and economic rehabilitation of former opium poppy growing communities - Alternative livelihood development.

The project will assist the Government of the Lao PDR to reduce dependency on opium through identification and propagation of alternative livelihoods. Project activities started in 2007 and will end in 2010. The total budget of the project is US$1,171,300, fully pledged by the UNTFHS which has disbursed $382,635 so far.

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2. MMRJ47: Support to ex-poppy farmers and poor vulnerable families in border areas.

The project aims to give new sources of livelihood to ex-poppy growing communities, especially in border areas. Activities will include increasing the yield of food crops, constructing irrigation systems and training of government staff and farmers in crop production technology. UNODC will use resources and know how from RAS/C25 to implement the activities. Other implementing partners include FAO and UNFPA. Project activities started in 2007 and will end in 2009. The total budget of the project is US$64,200, fully pledged by the UNTFHS which has disbursed $53,600 so far.

3. CMBH83 - Development of Community-Based Drug Abuse Counseling, Treatment and Rehabilitation Services in Cambodia.

The project aims to increase the capacity of Cambodian healthcare professionals, both at the governmental and non-governmental level, to respond to the needs of people suffering habitual or problematic drug use, through coordinated, community-based counseling, treatment and rehabilitation care programmes. Project activities started in 2005 and will end in 2009. The total budget of the project is US$1,143,600, fully pledged by the UNTFHS which has disbursed $598,225 so far.

4. PHIR07: Support for Victims/Witnesses of Trafficking in Human Beings in the Philippines.

The project provides for the creation/expansion of the capacity of selected rehabilitation centres and facilities to support victims/witnesses of trafficking in persons. Project activities started in 2005 and will end in 2007. The total budget of the project is US$244,000, fully funded from the UNTFHS.

5. AFGG68: Capacity building for drug demand reduction in Badakhshan, Nangarhar and Kandahar provinces.

The project aims at improving the capacity of Government counterparts, along with relevant UN agencies, NGOs and community groups in Afghanistan, to address the abuse and misuse of drugs, as well as healthcare and social-economic issues and problems relating to drug abuse and misuse. The project will balance the long-term need for sustained capacity-building in demand reduction for healthcare professionals, teachers, social workers and community development workers in the three provinces. The project started in 2004 and will end in 2007. The total budget of the project is US$1 million, fully-funded from the UNTFHS.

6. VIEG21: Supporting Education, Health and Sanitation needs among the local population in Ky Son District, Viet Nam.

This proposal aims at the direct improvement of the overall living conditions of ethnic minorities in Ky Son District, Vietnam, by providing easy access to educational facilities, clean water,

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sanitation, better irrigation system and improved health. Total budget of the project is US$279,514 and fully funded from the UNTFHS.

7. RASG45: Programme for education and training of opium farmers in the Wa Region of Shan State.

This is a sub programme of project AD/RAS/96/C25 - Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of the Shan State. The aim of this programme is to provide education and training of opium farmers by ensuring food security through sustainable production of rice as an alternative crop, based on construction of irrigation canals and land development in the Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, Union of Myanmar. The total budget of the project is US$1,168,536, fully funded from the UNTFHS.

8. RASG25: Community-based primary health care and drug demand reduction in Mong Pawk District, Wa Special Region No. 2 (HSF-funded component of RASC25).

The goal of this project is to improve the quality of life of the population of the project area through: (a) improved knowledge of primary health issues; (b) improved provision and extension of primary health services; and, (c) a reduction in the incidence of illicit drug abuse. The project will support UNODC’s broader mandate-specific goal of reducing the cultivation, traffic and abuse of illicit drugs in the Union of Myanmar. The total budget of the project is US$188,170, fully funded from the UNTFHS.

List of UNODC projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Afghanistan Capacity Building for Drug Demand Reduction in $1,027,870 2004 27 months Badakshan, Nangarhar and Qandahar Provinces Cambodia Development of Drug Abuse Counseling, Treatment and $1,176,001 2005 42 months Rehabilitation Service in Cambodia Lao PDR Social and Economic Rehabilitation of Former Opium Poppy-growing $2,412,550 2007 3 years Communities - Alternative Livelihood Development (Joint Programme with UNIDO) Myanmar Support to ex-poppy farmers and poor vulnerable families in $ 948,200 2007 2 years border areas (Joint Programme with WFP, FAO and UNFPA)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Myanmar Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of the Shan $202,000 2001 2 years State Myanmar Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of the Shan $1,203,935 2003 18 months State – II Philippines Support for Victims/Witnesses of Trafficking in Human $250,800 2003 18 months Beings in the Philippines Viet Nam Supporting Education, Health and Sanitation Needs among $308,227 2003 1 year Local Populations in Ky Son District

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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World Food Programme (WFP)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

The World Food Programme focuses notably on food security through the lens of human security and has used the concept in a number of publications and news and emergency reports. WFP has also circulated an Information Note on Procedures within WFP for the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security.

Inside WFP, the Grants Unit, ODO, is responsible for coordinating all internal processes related to the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security, and ensures liaison with Country Offices, Regional Bureaux and Liaison Offices in New York and Tokyo in matters related to submissions to the UNTFHS.

List of WFP projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Afghanistan Support for Community Empowerment through Training and Food for Work to $2,725,390 2006 2 years Improve School Infrastructure in Afghanistan Angola Support to Primary Education in Huambo & Kuanza Sul Provinces: School Feeding $1,138,601 2005 1 year Programme including HIV/AIDS Awareness Bhutan Basic Education/Literacy, Income Security and Employment for Vulnerable People including Children and $2,235,839 2007 30 months Women in Bhutan (Joint Programme with UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF and UNV)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Ecuador Integrated Approach for the Protection of Vulnerable Populations Affected by the Colombian Conflict on $1,914,219 2006 2 years Ecuador’s Northern Border (Joint Programme with UNHCR and UNICEF) India Food for Work - Enhancing $1,017,500 2005 3 years Social Capital Building Kenya Lokichokio, Kakuma and Dadaab Host Community $2,073,200 2007 3 years Project (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR) Liberia Rebuilding Communities in Post-Conflict Liberia - Empowerment for Change $3,965,571 2006 2 years (Joint Programme with UNDP and FAO) Support to Ex-poppy Farmers Myanmar and Vulnerable Families in Border Areas (Joint $ 948,200 2007 2 years Programme with FAO, UNFPA and UNODC) Myanmar Rehabilitating and Upgrading essential Infrastructure in the $859,074 2002 46 months North Rakhine State, Myanmar Peru Natural Disasters in Peru: from Damage Limitation to Risk Management and Prevention $1,576,484 2006 2 years (Joint Programme with FAO, UNICEF, PAHO and UNDP) Sudan Capacity Building for African Union Forces in Darfur (Joint Programme with UNFPA, $3,085,790 2005 1 year UNDP, WHO, UNIFEM and UNICEF) Tanzania, United Strengthening Human Security Republic of Through Sustainable Human Development in Northwestern $4,150,791 2005 3 Years Tanzania (Joint Programme with UNDP, UNHCR, UNIDO, FAO and UNICEF) Tanzania, United Support to Prime Education in Republic of Drought Prone and Pastoralist $572,000 2002 1 year Areas

* Total budget amount includes programme support costs.

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World Health Organization (WHO)

1. Please list official statements and/or publications made by your agency/fund/ programme on human security. Please include both past and recent statements and/or publications.

The following official statements have been made by WHO and have referred to human security:

- Address by Director-General Gro Harlem Brundtland to the 55th World Health Assembly held on 13 May 2002. http://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/2002/english/20020513_addresstothe55WHA.html - Statement entitled “Implementing the recommendations of the World report on Violent and health,” presented at the 56th World Health Assembly held on 28 May 2003. http://ftp.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA56/ea5624.pdf - Statement entitled “Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: implementation of the global strategy,” presented at the 60th World Health Assembly held on 23 May 2007. http://ftp.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA60/A60_15-en.pdf

WHO also issued the following publications on human security:

- Health and human security EMRO technical paper series; no 8, 2002. - Towards health security: a discussion paper on recent health crises in the WHO European Region, 2007, Rockenschaub, Gerald. - Joint Conference on Human security challenges of HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases in Asia. WPRO, 2004. http://www.wpro.who.int/sars/docs/Response_to_Com_Dis_Outbreaks_17Mar2004.pdf - Scientific working group on life science research and global health security : report of the first meeting, Geneva, Switzerland, 16-18 October 2006. - In Chad, refugees and residents face health and security crisis, World Health Organization. Director-General’s Office, Communications Office, 2006. - World Health Day 2007: International Health Security, World Health Organization, Director- General’s Office, Communications Office, 2007. - G8 commitments to infectious disease can improve global health security, World Health Organization, Director-General’s Office, Communications Office, 2007. - Outbreak: global health security from the World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Dept. of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response, 2003. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_CSR_2003.6.pdf - Preparedness for deliberate epidemics, http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/deliberate/WHO_CDS_CSR_LYO_2004_8.pdf - Global health security: epidemic alert and response: report by the Secretariat. WHO, 2001. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546158_chap6.pdf - Revolving drug funds: a step towards health security, published in the Bulletin of WHO, Umenai, Takusei, 1999. - Health and security in the global village, Evans, Graham. Published in World health forum 1993; 14(2): 133-135.

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WHO has not formally or institutionally adopted human security but deals with many aspects of the concept, notably with respect to the notion of health security and through cross-cutting analyses including on issues such as conflict and health.

List of WHO projects supported by the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security:

Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Brazil Sustained Improvement of Human Security in the City of Sao Paulo, $3,180,550 2008 2 years Brazil (Joint Programme with UNFPA, UNESCO and UNICEF) Cambodia Improving Equality in Health and in To be Education of Orphans Affected by $1,170,580 3 years determined AIDS in Phnom Penh Chechen Capacity Building for Integrated Republic Psychological, Pedagogical and Medico-Social Rehabilitation of $977,874 2006 2 years School Children and Educational Personnel (Joint Programme with UNESCO) Gabon Strengthening Human Security through Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Social Development for To be Refugees and Local Host $1,986,101 2 years determined Communities in Gabon (Joint Project with UNHCR, FAO and UNDP) Honduras Joint Programme for the Support of Human Security in Honduras (Joint $1,286,753 2006 1 year Programme with UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, UNFPA and UNHCR) Lao PDR Development of Social Safety Nets in Health in Lao PDR through Scaling up of Voluntary $1,289,750 2005 4 years Community-based Health Insurance (Phase 2)

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Country or area Project title Total budget* Start date Duration (US$) Lao PDR Development of Social Safety Nets for Health in Lao PDR and Viet $374,500 2001 49 months Nam Liberia Reduction of Maternal Morbidity To be and Mortality in Liberia (Joint $3,707,946 18 months determined Programme with UNFPA) Occupied Isolated and Disenfranchised Palestinian Communities in the occupied Territories Palestinian territories (Joint $5,276,745 2006 1 year Programme with UNSCO, UNIFEM, UNICEF, UNDP, UNRWA and UNFPA) Papua New Strengthening Human Security for Guinea Women in Internally Displaced Populations through Health $2,725,461 2006 47 months Education and HIV/AIDS Care in Papua New Guinea – Phases I and II (Joint Programme with UNICEF) Peru Natural Disasters in Peru: from Damage Limitation to Risk Management and Prevention (Joint $1,576,484 2006 2 years Programme with WFP, UNICEF, FAO and UNDP) The only opportunity: Human Security for the development of Peru women and children in Peru (Joint $2,062,343 2007 2 years Programme with UNICEF and UNFPA) Sudan Capacity Building for African Union Forces in Darfur (Joint Programme $3,085,790 2005 1 year with UNFPA, WFP, UNICEF, UNIFEM and UNDP) Suriname Transforming Reproductive Health $314,396 2002 3 years in Suriname Thailand Improvement of Health Conditions of Migrants in Ranong and $1,524,312 2005 3 years Samutsakorn Provinces of Thailand Viet Nam Developing Social Safety Nets in Viet Nam: Saving Lives and To be To be Securing Livelihoods by Enhancing To be determined determined determined Social Health Insurance and Social Security

* Total budget amount includes programme support cost.

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