CURRENTS Covers April-Dec

Table of Contents

Spring 2014 Vol. 24 CURRENTS Covers April-Dec. 2013

feature: Workshops Security Sector Development in the Maritime Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Region..... 16-17 Asia-Pacific...... 24-28 Charting the Water Future of South Asia...... 18 Whither governance in Myanmar...... 29-30 Bio-Preparedness in the Asia-Pacific ...... 19 APCSS hosts Joint Seminar with New Zealand News Defense College...... 20 US-China: Building Strategic Trust...... 21 Dean Moriarty Steps Down, Cramer Selected as New APCSS-ACSC Joint Seminar on Regional Security Dean, Development Advisor Appointed...... 4-5 Architecture convenes for third year...... 22 Federal Executive Board Awards...... 6 Security Sector Development Workshop...... 23 Hails & Farewells...... 7 Partnering with Hawaii Military Commanders...... 38 Visitors...... 8-9 APCSS Dean Attends 17th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense Universities, Colleges and Alumni Connections Institutions meeting...... 10-11 Alumni Promotions...... 32-33 Faculty Contribute to Joint Report on Nepal Alumni Host Panel on U.S. Rebalance Disaster Preparedness...... 11 to Asia-Pacific ...... 32 APCSS Hosts its First Webinar...... 11 Alumni Associations...... 33

Alumni Awards...... 34 Courses Position Changes...... 34-37 Retirements...... 37 Advanced Security Cooperation ...... 12 Transnational Security Cooperation...... 13 Asia-Pacific Orientation Course ...... 14 In every issue Comprehensive Crisis Management...... 15 Course Calendar...... 38 Contacts...... 39 On the cover: SSD Workshop photos, APCSS Director visits Burma, and text of things that contribute to “good governance.”

Currents Magazine is an unofficial publication produced biannually by the Asia-Pacific Center for Security StudiesPub- lic Affairs Office. This publication is for APCSS employees, alumni, Fellows, future Fellows and friends of the Center. Itis available online at www.apcss.org. We use the Associated Press Style Guide when abbreviating ranks, regardless of individual service style. Contents are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government or the U.S.De- partment of Defense. Questions or comments can be addressed by phone (808) 971-8916 or emailed to [email protected].

Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies 2058 Maluhia Road, Honolulu, HI 96815

2 CURRENTS Spring 2014 Director’s Message

A message from our Director to APCSS Alumni: Good Governance

“Aloha! I’m very proud and excited to introduce our The theme for this Alumni Recognition Program. In the two years I have edition of Currents is been the Director of APCSS, I’ve had the opportunity to meet so many of our Fellows and alumni, all “Good Governance.” of whom are of such high quality and character. I’ve The articles will exam- seen so many of you take advantage of your APCSS ine several perspectives knowledge and experience and put it to practical use, and facets of gover- changing the world for the better, one person, one pro- nance, and I trust the cess or one organization at a time. I believe it is more will provide food for than appropriate to recognize APCSS alumni who have thought and encourage- a positive impact on security and good governance. I ment for action. Dr. know many of you possess great humility and may feel Rouben Azizian ad- uncomfortable nominating yourself or another for such dresses security sector recognition; however, we need your support to make development and Dr. Al Oehlers gives his perspective this new Alumni Recognition Program a success. I ask for your help in identifying and honoring those who are on developments in Burma. Both articles reflect the most deserving. Thank you for your continued support dynamic and generally positive security environment of APCSS. A brief description of the program follows:” in our region. Accountable and effective security sector governance There are three categories of awards: is at the heart of a peaceful, stable and prosperous 1. Alumni and Alumni Association Achievement Award Asia-Pacific. While by no means perfect, regional - Recognizes specific individual or group contributions players have largely avoided conflict and cooperation that advance security, build capacity and/or enhance is advancing, not retreating. There are still thorny cooperation territorial issues and areas of competition that could 2. Annual Alumni and Alumni Association Award - spur conflict, and North Korea’s unpredictable be- Recognizes significant and/or sustained excellence in havior presents a major risk for the entire region. terms of contributions that advance security, build ca- Can a U.S. DoD still advocate good governance after pacity and/or enhance cooperation throughout the year our recent political impasse and shutdown? Ab- 3. Alumni Legends: Lifetime Achievement Award - solutely! With that and other challenging security Recognizes significant and/or sustained excellence issues, the American government has continued to in terms of contributions that advance security, build function within the checks and balances attendant to capacity and/or enhance cooperation over a career or our democratic construct. We will learn from recent lifetime (minimum of five years) events and persist in promoting Rule of Law and Submit self or other nominations and justification via accountability nationally and within the world com- email, postal service or social media outlets such as munity. Facebook, Twitter or Linked-In. APCSS will conduct periodic Selection Boards to review nominations and make recommendations to the Director for awards. Sincerely, APCSS will recognize honorees with memorabilia commensurate with level of award and publicize (given Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf honoree’s consent) achievements in various APCSS Director, APCSS publications. www.apcss.org 3 Center News

Lauren Kahea Moriarty steps down as APCSS Dean of Academics During a ceremony in her contributions which honor, retired U.S. Ambas- have had an impact sador Lauren Kahea Mori- throughout the Asia- arty stepped down as Dean Pacific region,” said of Academics at the Asia- APCSS Director Lt. Pacific Center for Security Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf. Studies on July 24, 2013. “We’re sorry to see her go. She will al- “The Center is well-posi- ways be a valued and tioned to support the U.S. connected member of strategic re-balance to the the APCSS ‘Ohana.” Asia-Pacific,” said Moriarty of the executive education Moriarty, who served programs that APCSS con- as Dean for three ducts in Honolulu and in the years, joined APCSS The Moriarty Family with APCSS Director sing Aloha Oe. region. in August 2010, after retir- ing from the U.S. Depart- Center, Moriarty said that During her tenure as Dean “Dean Moriarty has made ment of State. Noting that she had decided to explore at APCSS, Moriarty took great contributions to she was pleased with the new challenges and oppor- an active role in curriculum APCSS and our mission— progress and direction of the tunities. development. APCSS designates Development Advisor Defense, diplomacy and nating Dr. Lori Forman as to APCSS’ comprehensive ate Fellows, partnering con- development are critical “Development Advisor.” approach to security by ad- sultations, and research. vising the Center on devel- elements in the U.S. Na- Currently a faculty mem- “Working with our Foreign opment issues, implications tional Security Strategy. In ber at APCSS, Forman Policy Advisor, Lori will be and opportunities in the Pa- keeping with that strategy, brings to the position high- a key player in expanding cific Command Area of Re- the Asia-Pacific Center for level development experi- APCSS’ whole-of-embassy sponsibility and Area of In- Security Studies is desig- ence in the U.S. Govern- engagements and interac- terest. She will serve as the ment. She previously tions with development primary liaison with, and served as Assistant Admin- agencies,” stated APCSS in-house resource about, istrator for Asia at the U.S. Director, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) public and private develop- Agency for International Dan Leaf. “By maintaining ment agencies working in Development (USAID) professional relationships the Asia-Pacific region. This and U.S. Alternate Ex- with policy makers in these includes agencies such as ecutive Director at the agencies and related re- USAID, Japan International Asian Development Bank search institutes, Lori will Cooperation Agency, ADB, (ADB). She also served monitor development issues World Bank Group, UN in senior positions in both to provide advice and as- development organizations, corporations and non-gov- sessments to staff and facul- etc., and with private sector ernmental organizations ty on relevant development entities working in develop- (NGO). These experiences trends and vulnerabilities. “ ment (relevant corporations bring to this new position and NGOs). Outreach to Forman will continue to her unique perspectives on these development partners teach, manage courses and international development. Dr. Lori Forman will include assisting with workshops, participate in As Development Advisor, the recruitment of appropri- roundtables, and facilitate 4 CURRENTS Spring 2014 Forman will contribute seminars. Cramer becomes new CSS Dean acknowledged as capacity and communities leged to serve as the aca- someone who will of interest by educating, demic lead for that team. I work with everyone connecting and empowering look forward to building on to continue to build security practitioners. the successes of my prede- the type of executive “The APCSS Team that cessor, Ambassador Lauren education programs executes this mission is the Kahea Moriarty, and con- needed to build se- very best—world class in tinuing to advance security curity cooperation in every aspect. I am privi- in the Asia-Pacific region.” the region.” Cramer joined the Center in August Getting to Know Dean Cramer 2004. Currently, he serves as a senior Hometown/Early Career: lead and Academic Chief of Dean Cramer grew up on Staff. On August 11, 2013, he faculty member fo- Kwajalein Atoll located in the assumed his current position cusing on terrorism, Republic of the Marshall Is- as Dean of the College. law of the sea and in- lands. He attended school in ternational law. Mr. What do you hope to accom- the Marshall Islands, Hawaii, plish as Dean? Cramer is a member California, Tahiti and Ameri- of both the Califor- can Samoa. During his Navy “In less than two decades, nia and Hawaii State Bars. career he travelled extensive- APCSS has established itself as a premier security studies An expert on international He is admitted to practice ly throughout Asia-Pacific, institute. From my perspec- law, retired U.S. Navy Cap- before the U.S. Supreme serving in the aviation, sur- face and special warfare com- tive, the Center’s well earned tain Carleton R. Cramer was Court, the U.S. Court of Ap- munities. Career highlights reputation lags a bit, behind peals for the Armed Forces, selected as the new Dean include Commanding Officer, its demonstrated accomplish- of Academics for the Asia- U.S. Court of Appeals for Naval Legal Service Office, ments. I am going to work Pacific Center for Security the 9th Circuit and the U.S. Commanding Officer, Trial towards getting the Center Studies and officially began District Court, District of Service Office Pacific and recognized by both the region, his term Aug. 11. Hawaii. Additionally, he has judge advocate for FIFTH and our policy leaders as the Fleet and U.S. Naval Forces ‘go to’ venue for interna- According to APCSS Di- served as a Special Assistant U.S. Attorney. Central Command. tional dialogue and positive rector, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan change associated with Asia- “Fig” Leaf, Cramer was Cramer grew up on the Pacific Security challenges. selected out a highly quali- Kwajalein Atoll, Republic Family: Cramer and his wife Functional areas of greater fied group of candidates. “It of the Marshall Islands. Ellie have three children— emphasis will include inclu- was a very difficult deci- After serving for 27 years Alexia, age 7, and identical sion, effective security sector sion in that all of them were in the U.S Navy, he retired twins Constantine and Alex- governance, and women peace excellent. In the end, I felt from active duty in 2007. ander, age 6. and security.” Carleton Cramer was the Upon accepting the posi- right person for the position tion Cramer stated, “I am APCSS Experience: Cramer Surprising Fact: He is an at this time. He has a very absolutely delighted with joined APCSS in 2004 as a accomplished parachutist and clear and strong vision for the opportunity to serve as military professor. In 2007, has earned a variety of profes- he retired from active duty the future of the College. Dean of Academics for the sional ratings, including tan- in order to join the Center as dem master and jump master. “Cramer is also someone College of Security Studies, a full-time civilian faculty He still owns three parachutes, with a great amount of af- Asia-Pacific Center for Se- member. During 2004-12, although he has stopped jump- fection and respect for curity Studies. The APCSS Cramer served as a lecturer, ing in order to raise a family. APCSS Fellows and fac- mission is critically im- seminar leader, workshop ulty members. He is widely portant. We build regional www.apcss.org 5 center news APCSS employees honored for excellence

Thirteen Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies employees were recognized at the Honolulu-Pacific Federal Executive Board’s 57th Annual Excellence in Federal Government Awards luncheon held at the Hick- am Air Force Base Officers Club in May 2013. The annual luncheon honored employees from many government agencies in Hawaii for their outstanding efforts, dedication, and con- tribution to the workforce and community. Each employee was selected by his or her organization. Left to right: Brig. Gen. (Ret.)Jim Hirai, Terry Slattery, Johnette Chun, Robin Wong, Lenore Patton, Lt. Cmdr. Ryan Perry, Sgt. Jared Ching, Lt. Col. Greg Pleinis, Chelsea Hayles, Elizabeth Leong, Lt. APCSS’ Regional Engage- Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf, Cherrielynn Kamahele, Tessie Magaoay Lynne Yamashita, and Josefa Brettler. ments Operations Depart- ment (REOD) (formerly with the fact that they all • Federal Employee of the lence inspires me and serves Conference Support) was genuinely appreciate and Year (Professional/Admin/ as a stellar example of ef- awarded for Team Excel- respect each other and you Tech): Ms. Josefa Brettler fective governance for our lence at the luncheon. Chief get a great team that I’m so (Alumni Division) Fellows and participants. I of REOD Lenore Patton proud to be a part of.” am proud to serve with the explains why they were suc- • Federal Leader/Supervi- APCSS Ohana.” cessful: The APCSS awardees for sor/Manager of the Year: 2012 were: Marine Corps Maj. Doug- The Federal Executive “There is an old African las Krugman (College of Boards (FEBs) were created tribal proverb which I put • Team Excellence: Re- Security Studies) by Presidential Directive in my own spin to which goes gional Engagements Opera- 1961 to foster communica- ‘Do it alone you can go tions Department (formerly • Exceptional Commu- tion, coordination and col- fast, do it as a team you can known as Conference Sup- nity Service: Ms. Tessie laboration among Federal go far.’ Whether handling port) - Ms. Lenore Pat- Magaoay (Network Tech- field agencies. multilateral workshops, ton, Army Maj. Analisa nology Division) back-to-back visits, or spe- Larkin, Mr. Terrence cial events, the team in the Slattery, Ms. Cherrielynn • Mentor of the Year: Navy Kamahele, Ms. Lynne Ya- Lt. Cmdr. Ryan Perry Regional Engagement Op- Note: The 2013 awardees erations Department is a tes- mashita, Ms. Doris Dyogi, (Procurement and Supply tament to taking it far…both Ms. Elizabeth Leong and Division) will be recognized in the literally and figuratively! Ms. Chelsie Hayles next edition of Currents APCSS director retired Air We do this by collaborating Magazine. Force Lt. Gen. Dan Leaf through months of planning, • Federal Employee of the was a presenter for the cer- Can’t Wait? Check www. putting their heads together Year (Clerical/Assistant): emony. “The FEB Awards apcss.org for the story to streamline processes, and Marine Corps Sgt. Jared Ceremony was a great and photos of this year’s working shoulder-to-shoul- Ching (Human Resources chance to recognize civilian award winners. der through the long hours Department) and military, individual and of hard work. Combine this team accomplishments” ex- plained Leaf. “Their excel- 6 CURRENTS Spring 2014 Hails & Farewells

At APCSS, change is in- APCSS’ Resource Manage- evitible and with personnel ment Dept. has seen a major losses and gains, April 1 transition with the departure through Sept. 30 was no ex- of Dept. Head Cmdr. Tom ception. Marszalek, Lt. Cmdr. Ryan Perry and LS2 Carlo The College (CSS) said Coppa, while welcoming goodbye to Lt. Col. Scott Cmdr. Bob Michels, Lt. Daulton, Col. Bryan Cmdr. Richard Pleasants Chapman, Cmdr. P. J. and LS3 Kandi Latcham. Tech (retired), Cmdr. Ma- rio DeOliveria and Col. The front office said good- Some of our APCSS Ohana who provide outstanding support Peter Don. bye to Michael Rynders behind the scenes. and Ace Rainey. Ian Walk- The APCSS Intern Coordi- tions Group and is now the delivered new babies into er said farewell to the IT nator Candace Wiant was Academic Chief of Staff. the APCSS Ohana. dept. The good news is PAO replaced by Marcela Gill. Also new to CSS is Kerine gained Capt. Ed Miller and Soldiers in Transition: Reservists Maj. Derek Ping Buckley. IT gained Dianne Tabona. and Maj. Dina Pombarnes, APCSS welcomed Lt. Col Douglas Mulbury also Strategy and Assessments also departed. Stacy Den- Christopher Drumhiller joined the front office staff welcomed Capt. Victor ton also departed. who served from October as the new Chief of Staff Park and Admissions wel- through November 2013 Legal Advisor Capt. Sarah comed Catrina Thames. Col. Gregory Winston in the College of Security Cummins was replaced by came aboard as the head Chelsie Hayles and Lt. Studies and Maj. Raymond Capt. M. Todd Pfeffer. of the Executive Opera- Cmdr. Dara Kollasch both Brand who also arrived in October and is currently working in the Admissions office. Interns: APCSS’ intern program continues to gain momentum. The following interns supported APCSS programs during late 2013. Maj. Jason Campbell Loan Le, Adrianne Brantley, Brian Nelson, Asmatullah Junejo, Nika Nsahiro, Vale- ria Villasenor-Bruyere, Mi- Dr. Lora Saalman chael Daniels, Lloyd Puck- ett , James Potenza, Wendy New Faculty Culp, Daisuke Tsuruga, Michael Delapaz, George The APCSS College of Security Studies also gained Flannery, Nicholas Cosma, Capt. Benjamin Clancy, Maj. Jason Campbell, Col. and Jenya Jawad. Bryan Truesdell, Cmdr. Alan Chace, Maj. Chris Col. Bryan Truesdell Kuchma and Dr. Lora Saalman.

www.apcss.org 7 Visitors

(Left) Senator Mazie Hirono visited APCSS Apr. 5 for an orientation and had lunch with ASC 13-1 Fellows on the lanai.

(Right) Sec. of the Army Hon. John McHugh and Commanding General, USARPAC Gen. Vincent Brooks visited APCSS July 23 for a tour and orientation to the Center.

(Left) Rep. Colleen Hanabusa spoke to Fellows of ASC 13-1 during a “Whole of Society” panel Apr. 29 on the APCSS lanai.

(Right) Amb. Frankie Reed visited APCSS May 3 to discuss the Women, Peace and Security initiative.

(2nd from Left) William Todd, U.S. Am- bassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia, visited APCSS in May 2013 for an overview of the Center.

(Right) Gen. Herbert “Hawk” Carlisle, Commander, Pacific Air Forces visited APCSS Apr. 15 to brief ASC 13-3 Fellows.

(Left) Lt. Gen. Nguyen Dinh Chien, General Director of the Institute for Defense Strategy, Vietnam, visited APCSS Aug. 20.

(Right) Dr. Jimmie Rogers, Dir. Gen., Secretary of the Pacific Com- munity, Solomon Islands, visited APCSS Aug. 29 for an orientation.

8 CURRENTS Spring 2014 (Left) Lt. Gen. Tarnchaiyan Srisuwan and 11 senior officers accompanied by 4 delegates from JUSMAG Thai visited APCSS Sept. 5 for an orientation.

(Right) U.S. Ambassador to Singa- pore Kirk Wagar visited APCSS for a Center overview and orientation.

(Left) Amb. Daniel Clune (Laos) greets an APCSS course Fellow during a visit Sept. 13.

(Right) Mr. Vikram Singh, Dep. Asst. Sec. of Def. for South and S.E. Asia, visited APCSS Sept. 25 for a program update.

(Left) John Berry, U.S. Ambassador to Australia is greated by APCSS staff. He visited the Center in November on his way to Australia.

(Right) Brig. Gen. Peggy Combs, Commandant, U.S. Army, CBR & N School, visited APCSS April 24 for an overview.

(Left) A Taiwan delegation visited APCSS April 22 for an overview of the Center’s mission, goals, and security education opportunities

(Right) Col. Ryan gives Brig. Gen. Timothy Edens, Director of Army Safety, an overview of the APCSS and strategic impact of the Center April 26.

www.apcss.org 9 college news

APCSS Dean attends 17th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense Universities, Colleges and Institutions meeting

The ASEAN Regional U.S. delegation consisted Forum, Heads of Defense of Brigadier General Tom Universities, Colleges Consentino, U.S. Army, and and Institutions Meetings Dr. Cynthia Watson of the (HDUCIM) is a process National Defense University enabling regional military (NDU) and Dean Carleton leaders to engage in discus- Cramer, APCSS. sion of academic matters The three-day meeting was associated with the training structured around a series and professional develop- of plenary sessions. During ment of regional militaries. these sessions a total of 17 The Asia-Pacific Center for presentations were made by The Heads of Defense Universities, Colleges and Institutions Security Studies has been selected country delegations gather to discuss professional development of regional militaries in Brunei Darussalam. associated with ARF HN- and the International Com- DUCIM since 2008. This mittee of the Red Cross. In throughout the meeting that fight against terrorism and year Dean Carleton Cramer addition to the formal ple- the center of gravity has national disasters. The del- of APCSS’ College of Se- nary presentations, a large shifted from traditional se- egation from the Philippines curity Studies attended the number of bilateral meet- curity challenges to non-tra- gave a particularly insight- 17th HDUCIM held Nov. ings were conducted to en- ditional security challenges. ful presentation on Humani- 11-14, in Bandar Seri Bega- able HDUCIM members to There was recognition of tarian Assistance – Disaster wan, Brunei, Darussalam. discuss specific issues with the intricate relationship Relief (HADR), including The 17th HDUCIM was each other. The Chinese between the various actors discussion of Typhoon co-hosted by Brunei Darus- delegation, headed by Ma- and security challenges Haiyan and the unfolding salam and the Republic of jor General Tianliang Xiao, that collectively make up impact on the Philippines. Korea. The Commander People’s Liberation Army a complex, e.g., “wicked” Two other important themes of the Royal Brunei Armed (PLA), met with Brig. Gen. security environment. The highlighted in a number of Forces — Major Gen- Tom Consentino and Dean HDUCIM allowed ASEAN presentations were recogni- eral Dato Paduka Seri Haji Cramer. and ARF members to assess tion that the cyber domain Aminuddin Ihsan Bin Pehin The meeting focused on the new roles of regional was growing in importance Orang Kaya Seri Mulok the Contemporary Operat- militaries in a rapidly evolv- as a vehicle to facilitate Dato Seri Paduka Haji Abi- ing Environment (COE). ing security environment. professional development din presided over the open- Specifically, country delega- Country delegations were and education, as well as ing ceremony. The meet- tions reviewed: (a) academ- able to discuss how curri- the fact that military uni- ing focused not only on ic research and curricula cula, teaching and research versities/colleges train both academic and intellectual relating to the COE; (b) should be adapted to train military and their civilian discussion, but also served physical and other training regional militaries to per- counterparts to be national to further develop the pro- modules relevant to COE; form in this new environ- leaders. In addition to the fessional relationships and and (c) tools and collabora- ment. formal program, delegates close cordial ties between tion efforts needed in ad- Many specific security chal- were able to learn more the ASEAN and ARF mem- dressing the COE. The 25 lenges were highlighted about the history of Bru- bers. A total of 25 country countries in attendance were as elements of the “new” nei and the Royal Brunei delegations attended the keenly attuned to the chang- contemporary operating military through tours of the meeting, as well as the ing nature of a dynamic environment. Two areas historic River Village, the European Union. The Asia-Pacific security envi- identified for multilateral Royal Regalia Museum, and ronment. It became clear collaboration included the the Royal Brunei military 10 CURRENTS Spring 2014 museum. The HDUCIM presented unique alumni engagement APCSS faculty contribute to joint report opportunities. APCSS grad- on disaster preparedness uates present at this confer- Three APCSS faculty tween Japan, U.S. and Aus- the Asia-Pacific Center for ence event included: Major members contibuted to tralia: Approaches from Var- Security Studies (APCSS), General Yadmaa Choijamts, a report examining the ious Civil-Military Perspec- and Queensland University Director, Mongolia Defense possibilities of and also tives.” This research project of Technology (QUT). University; Major General challenges to trilateral was funded by a grant from Mony Var, Vice Rector, Three APCSS faculty con- cooperation between the the Japan Foundation Cen- Cambodia National Defense tributed to the report: Dr. U.S.-Japan-Australia in ter for Global Partnership University; Major General David Fouse, Ms. Jessica international disaster relief (CGP) as well as supported Surasit Thanadtang, Deputy Ear and Dr. Jeffrey Hor- in the Asia-Pacific region. by the three bodies respon- Superintendent, Thailand nung. sible for the report’s con- National Defense Studies The title of the report is tents: Association for Coop- The full report may be Institute; Brigadier Gen- “Enhancing Trilateral Di- eration between Japan, U.S. downloaded from the eral (Ret,) Fermin R. De saster Preparedness and and Australia (ACJUA), APCSS website at www. Leon, President Philippines Relief Cooperation be- apcss.org. National Defense College; Mr. Guilherme da Costa de Jesus Soares, Advisor to Director of the Timor-Leste APCSS Hosts First Webinar National Defense Institute In August 2013, APCSS and Mr. Jolkipli bin Hidop, hosted 25 participants, in- Senior Academic Advisor, cluding 16 alumni, from Brunei Defense Academy. across the globe, in the first- The meeting reminds us ever online webinar entitled that the Asia-Pacific secu- “The Impact of an Isolated rity environment is com- Regime on Asia-Pacific plex. It requires new roles Security.” It was specifi- for our militaries and new cally designed to stimulate ways of training our militar- constructive dialogue lead- ies. In this regard, APCSS ing to coordinated activities is recognized as a leading that result from a regional educational institution with perspective and multilateral (above) Webi- its emphasis on assessment; approach to minimize the nar screenshot with Dr. Marcus critical thinking; perspec- risks and leverage the opportunities presented by the Noland. (right): tive and framing, applied Director Leaf and learning through case stud- isolated regime in North Dr. Steven Kim. ies, exercises and the Fel- Korea. lows project concept. As This series is the result of an reflected by their presence APCSS initiative that began and participation at the 17th this spring with a survey of sive, thoughtful feedback Since this first webinar, HDUCIM, APCSS gradu- our international alumni on from many of our alumni, APCSS has hosted several ates continue to distinguish their views of North Korea, and we are using the we- live-streamed events on themselves as they advance and how the U.S. (and more binar series as a beginning topics such as North Korea, regional peace and security specifically, APCSS) could step to generate discussion Social Media, Counterter- through both individual and address the regional ten- and gather regional perspec- rorism, and leadership de- collective action. sions caused by the DPRK tives. velopment. regime. We received exten- www.apcss.org 11 Courses Advanced Security Cooperation 13-1 One hundred one senior military and civilian government leaders from 38 locations, one international organization and one regional organization graduated in May from the Asia- Pacific Center for Security Studies “Executive Course: Advanced Security Coop- eration.” Attending the regional security course were participants from: Afghanistan, Austra- lia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, One hundred one senior military and civilian government leaders from 38 locations, one interna- Chile, China, Colombia, tional organization and one regional organization graduated in May from the Asia-Pacific Center for Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Security Studies “Executive Course: Advanced Security Cooperation.” Lebanon, Malaysia, Mal- leader capabilities in critical on regional security issues; tion; and develop extensive dives, Marshall Islands, thinking, communication, construct solutions for ad- networks and relationships Mauritius, Micronesia, collaboration, and decision- dressing protracted chal- with a community of mid- Mongolia, Nepal, Niue, making in complex and lenges associated with the career and senior level Pakistan, Palau, the Philip- culturally diverse environ- global commons; enhance security practitioners and pines, Papua New Guinea, ments. Created specifically civil-military relations and experts. Republic of Korea, Russia, for mid-grade level security security sector effective- See the calendar on page 38 Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tai- practitioners from across ness; increase capacity for for upcoming ASC course wan, Tanzania, Thailand, the Asia-Pacific region and improving governance and dates. Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, beyond, the course pro- security sector integra- the United States, Vanuatu, vides an international set- Vietnam, Western Samoa, ting that seeks to: enhance the Association of South- decision-making capacity east Asian Nations and the in order to capitalize on United Nations. opportunities for regional The five-week course is de- collaboration; improve in- signed to enhance individual ternational cooperation and interagency effectiveness

Building teamwork is an important part of APCSS courses. Its done in seminar and through exercises. ASC at-a-glance (Since 1999) • 43 Classes • 3,010 Fellows • 59 Countries

12 CURRENTS Spring 2014 Transnational Security Cooperation Course

Fellows from Transnational Security Cooperation course (TSC13-1). TSC Fellows listening to a presentations on transnational issues.

The Transnational Security Australia, Bangladesh, created connections which countries which are located Cooperation course is an in- Cambodia, Canada, Chile, will last long beyond their at the Pacific Rim deal with tensive program for current China, France, Hong Kong, week together in Hawaii,” the same risks and national and future senior regional India, Indonesia, Japan, said course manager Dr. security threats. Natural influencers/leaders; military Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Lori Forman. disasters, for instance, rep- officers at the one-to-four- Mexico, Mongolia, Myan- Course Fellows shared their resent a serious threat to star levels, as well as their mar, Nepal, New Zealand, appreciation for what they the [whole] rim. Fostering civilian equivalents from the Pakistan, Papua-New gained in the course in a cooperation between both Asia-Pacific region. Guinea, the Philippines, post course survey. One sides of the rim is critical. Republic of Korea, Russia, The curriculum highlights stated that, “security is the Isolation is no longer a way Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tai- emerging security issues in factor somehow relatively to respond to security chal- wan, Thailand, the United the region, with an emphasis connecting with the politics, lenges today.” States and Vietnam. on those requiring regional economy and social life of In the end, one Fellow collaboration. A wide range The course includes inter- the country. Before attend- summed up the course by of topics are covered in active polling, a scenario ing this meeting, I thought tweeting: “Best learning plenary presentations and development exercise, and that security was only the experience at @APCSS. elective sessions, includ- discussions with senior of- matter of security agen- Studies on Transnational ing demographic change, ficials during a session at cies and organizations such Security Issues with Asia economics, cyber security, the U.S. Pacific Command as Ministry of Defense, Pacific govt executives.” transnational crime, climate headquarters. Additionally, Ministry of Home Affairs, The next TSC course will change, and resource scar- in the November course, etc. But now I have gained be held in June 2014. city. guest speaker APCSS alum- knowledge that other agen- TSC at-a-glance During 2013, two iterations nus Cyril P. Cusi (ASC09-1) cies like health, social wel- (Since 1999) of the course were conduct- from the Philippines pre- fare, disaster management, ed. The first was in June sented his perspective on information technology are • 31 Courses when 26 senior executives security sector assessments. also involved in the security • 697 Fellows from 25 locations completed “We were honored to have cooperation.” • 40 Countries and the course. The second was such a lively and engaging Another said that “[TSC 4 Int’l Organiza- held in November when 29 group of senior Fellows in showed us] the high degree tions senior executives from 27 the course. Their insights of interactivity between locations graduated. Loca- and experiences added all the Pacific regions. The tions included: Afghanistan, depth to the discussions and www.apcss.org 13 Courses Popularity of APOC continues...

With 148 Fellows attending the APOC 13-2, it was the second largest class in the history of APCSS. APOC at-a-glance (Since 2007) The Asia-Pacific Orientation attending hailed from: Aus- seminar discussion groups, Course (APOC) was held tralia, Brunei, Canada, New “brown bag” working lunch • 20 Courses three times during 2013. Zealand, Republic of Korea, sessions, and elective semi- • 1,780 Fellows The first course was covered Singapore, and Taiwan. nars. • 18 Countries in the last issue of Currents. APOC provides an over- One of the many highlights APOC 13-2 held in June view of the Asia-Pacific of these courses for Fel- and APOC 13-3 held in No- region, specifically present- lows was the unprecedented ated the flexibility in the vember graduated 148 and ing the socio-economic, number of elective seminars curriculum to choose vari- 100 Fellows respectively. political, military, cultural that were offered, allowing ous elective topics, making Although the majority of influences, and transnational participants to individually the course more meaningful. Fellows were from U.S. trends and dynamics shap- tailor their experience and Included in APOC 13-3 was Pacific Command and other ing its security environment, fields of study to topics and a “brown bag” lunch session on-island major compo- while also examining the countries that interest them that was simultaneously nent commands as well increased role and impact the most. All 20 elective webcasted to APCSS Alum- as the U.S. Coast Guard, of U.S. Rebalance efforts seminars convened, with ni, “Security Implications USAID, and U.S. Strategic to the area. The instruction ample Fellow participation of Recent North Korean Command, the classes also methodology is a balance of and interest. One participant Behavior,” given by APCSS included non-U.S. partici- plenary presentations, small remarked that they appreci- Director, retired Lt. Gen pants. International Fellows Dan “Fig” Leaf. Additionally, this class was organized, implemented and executed in a relatively short time frame. Due to course scheduling adjust- ments resulting from the temporary government shutdown in October, APOC 13-3 was prepared and seamlessly conducted within a three week period, APOC 13-3 included 100 Fellows and was pulled together in record time. indicative of extensive staff 14 CURRENTS Spring 2014 and faculty collaboration. 73 graduate from Comprehensive Crisis Management course Military and civilian government Fellows from 35 countries and territories, including a participant from the United Nations, graduated September 17 from the “Comprehensive Crisis Management Course.” Attending the course were 105 participants from: Af- ghanistan, Australia, Baha- mas, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, Chile, China, APCSS leadership, faculty and Fellows pose for a group photo in front of the Center. Colombia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Leb- communications and cli- anon, Malaysia, Maldives, mate change. International Marshall Islands, Mauritius, considerations in humani- Micronesia, Mongolia, tarian assistance, including Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, the cooperation with the United Philippines, Republic of Nations, are also discussed. Korea, Samoa, Singapore, The course culminates with Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor- a capstone exercise that en- Leste, Tonga, the United ables participants to focus States and Vietnam. on the critical role of good governance in mitigating The four-week CCM course fundamental socioeconomic is intended to deepen at- challenges that impact crisis tendees’ abilities to un- resilience. derstand and deal with the According to Dr. James Course Coordinator Tom Peterman (left) and Course Manager Dr. multi-faceted, interdepen- James Campbell welcome Fellows on the first day. dent nature of both natural Campbell, CCM Course and man-made crises. The manager, there was an “ex- course focuses on actions ceptionally high level of to prevent routine emergen- critical thinking and analy- cies from deteriorating into sis among the participants in crisis, preparing for crises this course, which stimulat- in ways that reduce their ed strategic level discussion near-term impacts, and set- on second and third order ting the conditions for coop- effects of crisis leadership eration and greater national decisions.” resilience in future crises. CCM at-a-Glance In addition to this concep- (Since 1996) tual frame work, the CCM course addresses national 11 Courses level considerations in cri- 650 Fellows CCM Fellows work as a team on one of the exercises of the ses including economics, course. social inclusion, governance 56 countries & 2 Int’l and legal issues, strategic Organizations www.apcss.org 15 Workshops

Maritime Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Region

The three-day workshop brought a cross-section of 39 practitioners, policymakers and scholars from Australia, India, the People’s Republic of China and the United States.

Dr. Mohan Malik facilitates a small group discussion on the definition of the Indo-Pacific Region with workshop participants.

With a goal to help develop do-Pacific region’ concept a common understanding generated lot of discussion, and identify common ap- participants recognized the proaches to maritime secu- need for a trilateral mecha- rity cooperation between the nism focused on maritime three major stakeholders of issues to complement the the Indo-Pacific area, the existing regional architec- “Maritime Cooperation in ture in order to facilitate the Indo-Pacific Region: communication and confi- China, India and U.S. dence amid increased naval Perspectives” workshop activity.” was held at May 21-23 at For the workshop, APCSS the Asia-Pacific Center brought together a cross- for Security Studies. This Dr. Alexander Vuving (center) facilitates a small group discussion section of 39 practitioners, workshop focused on three on the definition of the Indo-Pacific Region with workshop partici- policymakers (including pants from Australia, India, the People’s Republic of China and the key issues in the maritime two former chiefs of navy United States. realm: geopolitical chal- from India, a senior diplo- lenges, transnational securi- mat from China and serving ty concerns, and multilateral According to APCSS Direc- and retired 4-star admirals cooperation. tor Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf, from the U.S. Pacific Fleet), “It’s up to us to advocate, Dr. Mohan Malik, workshop and scholars from the three educate and formulate the academic lead, pointed out major maritime powers (the mechanisms and methods that “this was the first DoD- United States, China and that will prevent unfortu- sponsored Track 1.5 trilat- India) for candid exchanges nate, even tragic misunder- eral involving China, India in a strictly non-attribution standings, circumstances and the United States fo- environment. Discussions and accidents that could cused entirely on maritime included perspectives from lead to conflict in the mari- cooperation in the Indo-Pa- various sectors including time domain.” cific region. While ‘the In- defense, foreign affairs, and (right): Admiral (Ret) media. 16 CURRENTS Spring 2014 Surresh Mehta Workshop proceedings to be published The Indo-Pacific region, “Maritime Security in the lemma. This shows that, which spans from the west- Indo-Pacific: China, India in spite of their different ern Pacific Ocean to the and U.S. Perspectives,” ed- interests, capabilities, and western Indian Ocean, has ited by Dr. Mohan Malik, priorities, Washington, Bei- emerged as a crucial geo- will be published in October jing and New Delhi can and strategic region for trade, 2014. Based on a workshop do engage in cooperation investment, energy supplies, held at APCSS in spring to deal with transnational cooperation, and competi- 2013, the book introduces security challenges. Lastly, tion. It is now the topic of the roles of China, India and the book describes how to a new book by Dr. Mohan the United States in various promote maritime coop- Malik, a professor at the maritime issues in the Indo- eration by establishing or Asia-Pacific Center for Se- Pacific region. strengthening multilateral curity Studies. mechanisms and measures Dr. Zhang Haiwen This region, according to that would reduce the pros- Dr. Malik, “contains close pects for conflict in the to half the world’s popula- Indo-Pacific region.” tion and provides several of the world’s most important Contributing authors in- choke-points for global com- clude a cross-section of merce, including the Strait of practitioners, diplomats, Malacca. It presents complex policymakers and scholars maritime security challenges from the U.S., China and and interlocking economic India. These authors play interests that require the de- important roles in policy velopment of an overarching formulation and execution multilateral security frame- and here they explain their work.” takes on the opportunities and risks in the Indo-Pacific (Former) Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Adm. Cecil D. Haney According to the publish- region and identify what na- speaks with workshop participants. ers’ description, the book val measures are needed to “focuses on the security chal- improve coordinated mari- lenges presented by maritime time initiatives. disputes, naval engagement, legal issues, sea lanes of “Maritime Security in the communication, energy trans- Indo-Pacific: China, India port, humanitarian assistance and U.S. Perspectives,” by and disaster relief, as well Dr. Mohan Malik will be as by non-traditional threats, published in October 2014 such as piracy, terrorism, by Rowman & Littlefield. and weapons proliferation. It For more information go to: compares and contrasts the https://rowman.com/ roles and perspectives of the ISBN/9781442235328 key maritime powers, analyz- In the center, Operation Commander for the India Navy Commo- dore Ajay Saxena (left) discusses non-traditional maritime security ing the need for multilateral with Senior Fellow at the Institute for International Relations Hu cooperation to overcome the Zhiyong (right) during the APCSS Maritime Cooperation in the traditional and non-traditional Indo-Pacific Region Workshop. challenges and security di- www.apcss.org 17 Workshops Charting the Water Future of South Asia Water is, and will continue China, Tajikistan, Uzbeki- to be, one of the critical stan, and the United States. drivers of peace and stabil- Workshop participants in- ity in South Asia in the de- cluded eight women and 29 cades ahead. men from the senior executive level (two-star or higher This was the topic of dis- and civilian equivalents) to cussion during a workshop director level (O-6 or higher entitled “The U.S.-South Maj.Gen. (Ret.) ANM Muniruzzaman (Bangladesh), SEC06-2, was and civilian equivalents) Asia Leader Engagement one of several APCSS alumni who participated in the workshop. representing different back- Program: Charting the Wa- grounds including senior and complex South Asian Watershed, Transform- ter Future of South Asia.” politicians, military/defense, security environment. It also ing Water Conflicts, and Held April 28 to May 3 at foreign affairs/diplomacy, explored new ways of col- Groundwater Management Harvard University, the policy-makers, academics, lectively thinking about the in South Asia. workshop was co-hosted by non-governmental institu- ‘water issue’ in the region, the APCSS, the Near East- Developing a more com- tions, think tanks and water and participants identified South Asia Center for Stra- prehensive, common and SMEs, strategic decision- ways and means for col- tegic Studies (NESA), and deeper understanding of re- makers, security practitio- lective and collaborative the John F. Kennedy School gional and sub-regional per- ners and policy planners (ci- engagement to pre-empt of Government at Harvard spectives on water security vilian and defense officials). and address water security University. issues was an important out- concerns. According to APCSS aca- come of the workshop. One Participating in the work- demic lead, Dr. Virginia Ba- Workshop presentations participant stated, “After shop were 37 subject mat- cay Watson, the workshop covered topics such as four decades of cynicism, ter experts from 11 nations focused on understanding Water Security as a Global this workshop revived my including Afghanistan, the different dimensions and Issue, the Politics and Di- faith that progress in South Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, complexities that inform plomacy of Water, Water Asia is possible.” Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, water security in a volatile Security in the Himalayan As part of the workshop, the participants also developed action items for mitigating strategies and recommendations related to improving regional and sub-regional water security. APCSS and NESA are two of five Department of Defense Regional Centers focused on building security cooperation. This is the third time that APCSS, NESA and the Kennedy School have worked together on South Asia security Former APCSS Dean Amb. (Ret.) Lauren Kahea Moriarty with alumni and the workshop team. issues. 18 CURRENTS Spring 2014 Bio-Preparedness in the Asia-Pacific Coordination of bio-preparedness strategies across a region was the topic of a workshop held September 23-27 at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. The workshop, co-hosted by the Defense Threat Reduc- tion Agency, U.S. Pacific Command and APCSS, brought together 33 security experts from across the region to discuss the challenges of preparing to respond effectively to bio- logical threats and disease The Bio-Preparedness in the Asia-Pacific workshop included 33 security experts from across the outbreaks. region. Here they pose with APCSS leadership and faculty for a group photo. “Our goal was to bring together a very diverse set of countries to look at a range of topics, including building a shared perspective of bio- preparedness, identifying the opportunities and challenges provided by existing coordination mechanisms, and appreciating the re- quirement to include the whole-of-society in bio- preparedness planning and Workshop participants worked through a variety of scenarios during tabletop exercises. The exer- response,” said workshop cises have proven very effective in preparing participants for real events. academic lead, Dr. Bill coordination and informa- Sharing, Bio Lab Security Dr. Wieninger added “I Wieninger. “We had 33 tion sharing among counties and Best Practices, Public/ would say the frank discus- participants and seven sub- in an affected region. They Private Collaboration, and sion in plenary on the final ject matter experts from 13 evaluated existing best prac- Strategic Communication. day was among the best I tices and developed recom- have seen at APCSS. In countries closely interacting Workshop participants also mendations and courses of addition to increased under- over the five-day event.” looked at case studies and action for improving future standing of the challenges shared perspectives on the The group discussed the coordination. and opportunities in infor- dynamic threat environ- range and nature of such mation sharing, participants Speakers covered topics ment, and participated in events, the role of various were very interested in con- such as: Early Indicators a table top exercise. “The government and non-gov- ducting future workshops and Warnings – Recogniz- workshop was very interac- ernment entities in prepar- and tabletop exercises to ing an Emerging Crisis, Ex- tive, very smart, and most ing and responding to an build on our success.” incident, and the value of isting Mechanisms for Co- of all a very good learning ordination and Information experience,” said a participant. www.apcss.org 19 Workshops APCSS hosts joint workshop with the NZDF CSC

Fellows and faculty from the New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF) Command and Staff College (CSC) attended a joint workshop hosted at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) from November 4-7. Focused on security dynamics and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, this was the third consecu- tive year that the Center has Dr. Miemie Byrd partnered with the NZDF, Participants get acquainted on the first day. providing the venue, fa- cilities and educational resources to support the first of three stops on the college’s annual study tour. The 56 participating Fel- lows were a mix of military professors, officers, and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs), along Dr. Justin Nankivell with government officials, within the region’s security representing ten countries, architecture. Other high- including New Zealand, lights of the week long Australia, Indonesia, Ma- session included a senior Faculty members from the NZDF-CSC also assisted in running laysia, Papua New Guinea, enlisted Non-Commissioned seminars during the joint seminar. Republic of Korea, Singa- Officers (NCOs) discussion pore, Tonga and the United panel comprised of repre- workshop. In addition to the workshop ran seamlessly, States. sentatives from each U.S. off-site tours, daily sessions due to the thorough plan- Designed to support the military branch and interna- consisted of a balance of ning and coordination that curriculum objectives of the tional military forces, a visit lectures, plenary discussion goes into this event by both NZDF-CSC annual course, and orientation briefing with and small seminar working faculty groups.” U.S. Pacific Command, and groups. The event culminat- the joint workshop explored Highlighting its produc- tours of several museums ed with each small seminar prevalent and emerging tivity, Dr. Azizian added and historical sites on the group presenting analysis of transnational trends, geopo- “There was overwhelming island of Oahu. New Zealand’s role in the litical influences, and ongo- feedback on the outputs region and how it and other ing security cooperation Dr. Rouben Azizian of the from the workshop, includ- nations in the area could efforts within the region. APCSS College of Secu- ing long-term visions for optimize their security co- Each topic was examined rity Studies, and Dr. Peter regional capacity building operation in the future. from a New Zealand per- Greener, NZDF-CSC Dean in the future which will en- spective, specifically as- of Academic Faculty, served Summarizing the effective- hance New Zealand’s role sessing the countries’ role as co-chairs for a joint ness of the joint workshop, in regional security.” faculty team that lead the Dr. Greener noted, “The 20 CURRENTS Spring 2014 U.S.-China: Building Strategic Trust

Dr. Rouben Azizian

APCSS held this joint workshop while simultaneously hosting 100 Fellows for the Asia-Pacific Orientation Workshop participants pose for an official photo. Course (APOC) 13-3. The faculty and staff of the Cen- In November, the Asia- Trust through Anti-Piracy ter were able to mutually Pacific Center for Secu- Operations at the Horn of support each course during rity Studies conducted two Africa; and the Role of the week, running them con- events in China. The first Third Parties in Building currently but autonomously, was a two-day bi-lateral Trust. through maximum use of workshop entitled “U.S.- The Lanzhou sessions in- the Center’s advanced fa- China: Building Strategic cluded the Chinese Acad- cilities. Trust” with the Institute of emy of Sciences Cold and American Studies (IAS) of Concluding the week, the Arid Regions Environmen- the Chinese Academy of So- NZDF-CSC Commandant tal and Engineering Re- cial Sciences (CASS). APC- presented the title of honor- search Institute (CAREERI) Dr. Jeffrey Hornung speaks to SS representatives also met workshop participants. ary professor to Dr. Azizian and the U.S. National with Chinese counterparts in for his extensive contribu- Center for Atmospheric Asia, Nepal, India, Mongo- Lanzhou, China to exchange tions to their college for the Research (NCAR) in exam- lia and Russia. knowledge on climate past few years, noting that ining and developing the change and security issues, APCSS and CAREERI are they hoped this level of col- research concept of “High and to consider further steps now exploring the possibil- laboration would continue Asia” as it relates to climate to improve the collaboration ity of continuing collabora- in the future. Separately, change at higher elevations between the scientific and tion on topics of mutual the faculty leaders shared throughout China, Central interest. their mutual opinion that security communities. this workshop collaboration The Beijing workshop in- has helped to improve mili- cluded 40 people sharing tary relations and dialogue perspectives and identifying between the U.S. and New possible areas for mutually Zealand over the past few building strategic trust be- years. “The APCSS faculty tween the U.S. and China. and staff members are excited to work with the New Discussion topics included: Zealanders because they are Current State of Trust; engaged, candid and very China’s Perspectives on consistent in the exchange Progress Following the Xi- Obama Summit; Building of ideas,” said Dr. Azizian. The Lanzhou sessions. www.apcss.org 21 Workshops

APCSS-ACSC Joint Seminar on Regional Security Architecture convenes for third year Nine Fellows from the Aus- development and orchestra- tralian Command and Staff tion of this joint seminar for College spent a week in the third straight year, not- Hawaii taking part in a joint ing that the curriculum has seminar at the Asia-Pacific been more comprehensive Center for Security Stud- each year the event has been ies. The “Understanding, held. Shaping and Adapting to the Asia-Pacific Regional Secu- As the academic lead for rity Architecture” joint-sem- this joint-seminar, Dr. Byrd inar was held August 19-22 observed that of the many at APCSS. ACSC brought byproducts from this year’s nine faculty and staff mem- event, the broader diversity bers representing military and experience levels of the APCSS-ACSC Joint Seminar on Regional Security Architecture Fellow’s panel provided en- and civilian elements from workshop participants pose for their official photo. Australia, Canada, China, hanced perspectives to the Indonesia, New Zealand, ing stronger regional securi- security issues. Participants security dialogue. It enabled and the United Kingdom to ty architecture and partners’ also reviewed the concept of the group to focus more on this event. capacity. security sector development the core strategic aspects and specifically analyzed and implications, rather than Additionally, four U.S. par- According to the seminar the role of the Australian operational level causes and ticipants from U.S. Pacific objectives, participants ex- security sector in adapting influences. “They started to Command, U.S. Army Pa- plored, promoted mutual to and shaping the regional think more broadly about cific and Special Operations understanding and applied security architecture. security,” said Dr. Byrd, Command Pacific, as well the concept of regional who observed that this as a legislative liaison from security architecture to The ACSC consortium, led panel of Fellows gravitated Senator Gabbard’s office analyze the complex sub- by Dr. Russell James Par- towards the greater role of ,attended this joint seminar. regional security dynamics kin, credited APCSS, specif- education and importance The APCSS-ACSC Joint in the Asia-Pacific and ad- ically faculty members Dr. of educational development Seminar focused on build- dressed key transnational Miemie Winn Byrd and Dr. within the security architec- Rouben Azizian, with the ture.

Participants work together to solve a problem during an exercise. Participants break into small groups for an exercise. 22 CURRENTS Spring 2014 spotlight on governance

Security Sector Development: National Priorities and Regional Approaches

“Security Sector Devel- opment: National Pri- orities and Regional Ap- proaches” was the focus of a workshop held July 29 through August 1, at Security Sector Development workshop participants pose with the Asia-Pacific Center APCSS leadership and faculty for their official group photo in front for Security Studies. of APCSS. The workshop brought together teams from Ban- gladesh, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea as well as an attendee from Myanmar. Overall, there Brig. Gen. Jan Pieter from Indone- were 20 international sia shares his perspectives at the participants and subject workshop. matter experts, as well as a number of U.S. at- practices and often directly tendees. depends on international Security Sector Develop- support and cooperation.” ment is a common chal- The four-day workshop in- lenge, as well as an oppor- cluded panel discussions on Captain Alois Ur Tom, Defense Chief of Staff, Papua New Guinea tunity for all states, large “SSD, International Trends Defence Force, engages other workshop participants during or small, developed or and Best Practices,” “Gov- plenary. developing. Each country ernance and Management of has its own unique historic, the Security Sector,” “The cultural, socio-economic Role of Law and Gover- and political features and nance in SSD,” and “Roles security priorities shaping and Responsibilities of Se- the development of its secu- curity Institutions.” Work- rity sector. ing group sessions focused According to workshop on nation specific projects. academic lead Dr. Rouben The workshop concluded Azizian, “There is therefore with presentations by each no template for security country team on recom- sector development. At the mended next steps and same time, national security specific projects for national sector development can ben- security sector development. efit from international best The Honorable Saber Hossain Chowdhury, Member of Parliament, Department on Climate Change and Environment in Bangladesh, talks to another participant during a breakout session. www.apcss.org 23 spotlight on governance Security Sector Development in the Asia-Pacific: Enabling effective governance in a complex security environment By Dr. Rouben Azizian authoritarian environments. The subsequent APCSS Introduction workshops, titled “Security One of the fundamental Sector Development,” have vehicles of promoting effec- been much broader and tive and accountable secu- long-term. rity governance is a process SSD and SSR: similarities referred to as Security Sec- and differences tor Development (SSD). The terms SSD and SSR are Since 2006, the Asia-Pacific often used interchangeably. Center for Security Studies Sometimes they can be, as (APCSS) has been regularly in the stated example of the conducting SSD workshops Nepal workshop, but they in and with a number of can also reflect significantly Integrated Maoists being commissioned and graduating from the Asia-Pacific nations. The different approaches. The Nepalese Military Academy in the summer of 2013. first such workshop was concepts ‘security sector’ and debate, the United Na- environments and is ad- held in Kathmandu and and ‘security sector reform’ tions produced a number of ministratively positioned was titled Security Sector first appeared in the late guidelines for SSR and es- primarily within its Depart- Reform (SSR) in Nepal. 1990s and were very much tablished an SSR Unit in its ment of Peacekeeping Op- The workshop’s focus and shaped by the transforma- Department of Peacekeep- erations (DPKO). The UN’s content were consistent with tion of security institutions ing Operations (DPKO). SSR, therefore, is more of the conventional perception in post-communist East The United Nations Sec- a reactive and crisis man- of security sector reform Europe and peace opera- retary-General in its 2008 agement tool rather than an as a process that primar- tions in Africa. In response report refers to security everyday responsibility. It ily applies to post-conflict, to a growing global demand sector reform as, “a process is also a very much donor- crisis-affected or post- of assessment, review and driven process. Such an ap- implementation as well as proach is consistent with the monitoring and evaluation role of the United Nations of the security sector, led and its agencies. Several by national authorities, and countries in the Asia-Pacific that has as its goal the en- fall under the category of hancement of effective and post-conflict nations and accountable security for the have benefited from the State and its peoples, with- United Nations’ SSR sup- out discrimination and with port, Timor-Leste perhaps full respect of human rights being the most prominent and the rule of law.” (http:// example. unssr.unlb.org/SSR/Defini- Should, however, the goal tions.aspx) of effective and account- The above conceptual defi- able security governance be U.S. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel and Japan’s Minister of nitions easily apply to most limited only to post-conflict, Defense Itsunori Onodera review an honor guard prior the Japan countries in the world but post-authoritarian or so- and U.S. Defense Ministerial meeting at the Defense Ministry in the United Nations’ practi- called failed or failing na- Tokyo, Japan. (DoD Photo) cal implementation of SSR tions? Do the security sec- is limited to post-conflict tors of countries that don’t 24 CURRENTSCURRENTS Spring 2014 the uniformed forces. This other conundrum. The inter- greatly inhibits its adapta- agency discourse, generally tion to dealing with security very weak in the region, is challenges of the 21st centu- almost absent at the stage of ry. The apparent dissonance law formulation. indicates a significant gap Authoritarian and corrupt between overall security democratic regimes sig- awareness and political or nificantly obstruct or delay bureaucratic willingness to the reformation of security self-reform as well as a fear forces. Democratization among the security forces to sometimes leads to the po- lose preeminence in security liticization of security forces affairs. through unauthorized politi- The relationship between cal intervention in security Ms. Dominica Mai, First Assistant Secretary, Policy Planning security and development forces’ internal affairs. Monitoring and Evaluation, Papua-New Guinea, gives her national remains controversial. There perspective during plenary. The military in the region is is stronger recognition in increasingly reluctant to get the region today of the key involved in domestic poli- fall under the category meet large or small, developed relevance of security for tics but is often pressured that goal? Based on regular or underdeveloped. SSD successful development. by rival political parties to anonymous surveys and is a long-term process; it Less appreciated, however, do so. Politicization of intel- open discussions conducted should be nationally-owned is the fact that without suc- ligence services is another at APCSS among course and rooted in the particular cessful national develop- wide-spread phenomenon. and workshop participants, needs and conditions of the ment, security sector capa- At the same time, govern- most national security sec- country in question. bilities would be limited or ment bodies that should be ineffective. tors are not sufficiently SSD in the Asia-Pacific: providing professional guid- tuned and resourced to deal key challenges and trends The legal basis for the func- ance and supervision, such with the new complex inter- tioning of security forces as Ministries of Defense, SSD in the Asia-Pacific re- national and domestic secu- remains weak and incom- are understaffed and under- gion has seen some progress rity environments. plete. Challenges include resourced. as well as retreat. Is it still true in the Asia- controversial provisions Inclusion of civil society, While security is almost Pacific today that the most in constitutions or gaps especially the non-govern- unanimously viewed in the likely conflicts will origi- between constitutional and mental organizations, in region as broad and compre- nate from weak states, as legal frameworks as well the security sector remains hensive, the security sector was suggested in the post as agency-specific norms. problematic. Non-govern- definition remains narrow 9-11 period? The recent Sequencing between legal mental organizations are and focused primarily on events in the East China and policy decisions is an- viewed by many security Sea and South China Sea practitioners as politicized, question that assumption. incompetent and often ma- Accountable, inclusive and nipulated by foreign inter- professional security sec- ests. tors could mitigate potential Correlation between the conflicts between Asia- military and police forces Pacific states by reducing is changing with the rela- unpredictable or arbitrary tive decline of military and action. the rise of police. Many Unlike the term SSR, SSD regional countries seem emphasizes a proactive, unprepared to deal with this locally-driven and evo- lutionary set of actions that is expected of every continued on next page Dr. Rouben Azizian chats with a workshop participant. national security sector, www.www.apcss.org.org 25 spotlight on governance

Security Sector Devel- opment in the Asia- Pacific(Continued) reality. Attempts to retain strong militaries often lead to tasking them with duties outside of traditional defense role. Professionaliza- tion of police meanwhile is lagging far behind that of the military. National security forces are increasingly involved in international and regional security operations. And yet the regional sharing of SSD information is very modest and well below the radar. It has to do with a traditional sense of sovereignty and a lack of trust with neighbors as well as the limited role of regional institutions. continue to evolve into a In September 2013, Fiji major service command- SSD in the Asia-Pacific: free and democratic system, passed a new Constitution, a ers and is keen to exempt recent accomplishments civil-military relations must step raising both hopes and lower-ranking officers from and best practices be fundamentally trans- concerns among many who confirmation by the Com- Civil-Military Relations formed. But encouraging want democracy restored to mission on Appointments the military’s continued the South Pacific island na- to ensure that appointments There has been notable im- retrenchment from politics tion. The regime that seized and promotions in the AFP provement in the civil-mili- will be a challenging and power in a 2006 coup says are based on merit, fitness tary relations of a number of long-term process. (For a the constitution is another and qualifications instead of regional countries. more detailed discussion of step towards holding free political connections. Myanmar is in a period of elections next year. But governance in Myanmar, Changes are looming in transition from direct mili- critics say the constitution see Dr. Alfred Oehlers’ ar- China’s civil-military rela- tary rule to civilian control. also curtails freedoms and is ticle in this issue) tions as well. Some analysts The adoption of the 2008 self-serving to the regime. Five and a half years on say the PLA's outspoken- Constitution, which man- from the coup d'état which To prevent political manipu- ness reflects a need for dated the creation of a par- brought Commodore Frank lation of the Armed Forces structural overhauls to allow liament, legalized political Bainimarama to power, of the Philippines (AFP), greater dialogue between participation, and instigated and three years on from the lawmakers in the Philip- civilian and military lead- regularly-held elections, abrogation of the country’s pines are pushing legislation ers and quicker, unified has transformed Myanmar’s constitution, the govern- to shield military officers responses during crises. One political system from a mili- ment of Fiji launched the from political pressures. suggestion is the creation tary junta to a presidential process that should return The Senate has passed a of a U.S.-style National republic. If Myanmar is to Fiji to an elected constitu- bill prescribing fixed terms Security Council to better tional democracy in 2014. for AFP chiefs of staff and coordinate among different 26 CURRENTS Spring 2014 retariat for the council. The second objective is to make the NSC the ‘headquarters’ for intelligence on national security and crisis management. Japan experts argue however that it is still un- clear whether the NSC will become a central decision- making body or remain just an advisory institution. The increased membership of the Cabinet Office may prevent the prompt decision- making that the bill seeks. The Indian Government has decided to order a reap- praisal of its security architecture. The government- formed National Task Force (NTF) is to assess the current state of the country’s Poll from Security Sectory Development Workshop held at APCSS in 2013. national security management system, project the branches of government. of Representatives. The what constitutes a threat to threats to national security Another proposal advocates draft law defines national national security, as well as that could be expected in more civilians on the Mili- security as efforts to pro- the President’s right to de- the future, examine whether tary Commission. Several tect “all aspects of national fine threats through decrees. India has the required ca- Chinese academics have life.” The legislation seeks On June 7, 2013, Japanese pabilities to be able to meet mentioned the desirability to oblige the government to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe those threats, identify exist- of gradually shifting the provide workable solutions approved legislation to ing deficiencies in capabili- Communist Party control of to such problems as food, create a National Security ties, recommend action to the military to the executive water and energy shortages; Council (NSC), which will remove them, and suggest branch. and destruction of the envi- replace the existing Security a time frame for removing ronment. Social issues such them. However, several Security Strategy and Law Council. Prime Minister as poverty, injustice and Indian defense and security Development Abe wants to ensure that the corruption are also listed as NSC will be able to make analysts have pointed out More and more Asia-Pacific threats in the draft. prompt decisions when nec- the need to convince the countries are embracing The opposition lawmakers essary, but also that it prop- serving officers of the ne- long-term and integrated have been, however, show- erly deliberates long-term cessity of changes, reforms, security thinking by launch- ing reluctance to deliberate policy. The 2013 bill makes new thinking, and new con- ing national security strate- on the National Security two major changes. First, cepts and ideas to achieve gies or policies, as well as Law over persistent fears it strengthens the role of the desired end results. Un- security legislation. that, if passed, the law the Prime Minister and the less that happens, any re- The Indonesian government would revive militarism and Cabinet Office in national view will just end up being has been pushing to get a subvert democracy. Several security policy-making. The an exercise in futility. wide-ranging national secu- of them have questioned the bill also creates a new posi- rity bill passed by the House Government’s definitions of tion, national security advi- continued on next page sor, and establishes a sec- www.apcss.org 27 spotlight on governance

Security Sector Devel- opment in the Asia- Pacific(Continued) On January 23, 2013, Australia launched its first National Security Strategy. The strategy provides the overarching framework to guide Australia’s national security efforts over the next five years and marks a new national security era in which the dramatic shift of economic and strategic weight to Asia dominates Australia’s national security outlook. The other shift in Australia’s strategic thinking is to view state-based conflict as more important Speech of President Aquino during the signing of the GPH-MILF Framework Agreement on the and dangerous than threats Bangsamoro, October 15, 2012 (Official Photo) presented by non-state actors, as was the case in the aligned with the PNG Vi- chose retirement received Whole of Nation Approach post-September 11 period. sion 2050. government cash handouts. and the People-Centered The points of possible con- In 2007, U.N. monitors put Security/Human Security flict named in the strategy the strength of the Maoist Approach. (http://www. are: the South and East Disarmament, Demobili- fighting force at 19,602. scribd.com/doc/46302366/ China Sea, the Korean Pen- zation and Reintegration This marks a milestone in AFP-Internal-Peace-and- insula, and India/Pakistan. (DDR) the Nepali peace process Security-Plan-IPSP-BAYA- Papua New Guinea has In terms of traditional SSR that began with the signing NIHAN) started developing its first- issues, such as a post- of the Comprehensive Peace The subsequent framework ever National Security Pol- conflict security sector Agreement in November agreement signed between icy. PNG’s Prime Minister restructuring, there have 2006. the Philippines Government Peter O'Neil has identified been some important break- The Armed Forces of the and an Islamist rebel group, the development of a Na- throughs in the region as Philippines Internal Peace the Moro Islamic Liberation tional Security Policy as one well. and Security Plan (AFP Front (MILF), fighting for of his Government’s pri- Nepal has successfully IPSP) "Bayanihan" repre- a Bangsamoro homeland, orities, given the economic ended a lengthy and dif- sents a change of paradigm is aimed at finally ending a boom the country will soon ficult process of settling in dealing with internal decades-long war between experience, and threats from the future of former Maoist armed threats. It emphasizes the two sides. It provides for both external and internal combatants by inducting the that the primary focus of the a new autonomous region factors. A National Security last batch of Maoist com- AFP in the conduct of its in part of the south where Policy Technical Working batants into the state army. operations is “winning the Muslims are a majority. The Group has been put in place The 1,462 ex-combatants peace” and not just defeat- draft agreement would give to formulate PNG's secu- selected for army training ing the enemy. In order to the leaders of Bangsamoro rity policy, which will be were commissioned as of- win the peace, the AFP IPSP more political and economic ficer cadets. Thousands of shall be anchored on two powers, and provides for former Maoist fighters who strategic approaches: The the gradual transfer of law 28 CURRENTS Spring 2014 including the successful col- lection of guns from former militants. RAMSI will now focus of providing police support to the Solomon Is- lands.

Conclusion The comprehensive and fluid international and national security environments require a diverse, inclusive and adaptive security sector. Asia-Pacific nations are gradually transitioning to the broader definition of the security sector in step with their historical, cultural and security experience. Solomon Islands - RAMSI Participating Police Force Commander, Paul Osborne presents a gift to National security institu- Duidui ward’s Provincial Member of Parliament, Silas Chekana during the Isuna police post closure ceremony October 3, 2011 (Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI)’s photostream) tions are more amenable today than in the past to the enforcement from the army best guarantee that they will The military side of the idea that civil society should to the Bangsamoro police not soon return to armed Regional Assistance Mis- be involved in security in a "phased and gradual struggle. sion to the Solomon Islands sector development. The manner." The framework Despite its current hurdles, (RAMSI) ended on June perceived legitimacy of the also promises the people a the framework has acted 30, 2013, 10 years after security sectors depends in "just and equitable share" of as an inspiration to those hundreds of soldiers, police great deal on how the issues the region's abundant natu- caught up in internal con- and civilians from Australia, and concerns of civil society ral resources, and pledges flicts elsewhere in South- Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, are being addressed. Ide- to address the needs of East Asia. For instance, the Nauru, New Zealand, Papua ally, a whole-of-government poverty-stricken communi- Thai government has for New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga coordination should lead to ties. Trickier still are nego- the first time started formal and Vanuatu landed in the a whole-of-nation consensus tiations over what is called talks with its own Muslim Solomon Islands to con- on key security processes “normalization,” that is, dis- rebels in the south of the duct what was to become and decisions. arming the former guerrillas country. Meanwhile, the a successful experiment in A successful development of the MILF while pulling MILF reports that negotia- regional cooperation. The of the security sector re- the Philippine army back tors for the armed wings of fundamental objective of quires political will, strong from the field. Here the two the Kachin, Karen and other RAMSI was to help the Sol- national ownership and sides remain far apart. The groups in Myanmar have omon Islands lay the foun- competent change manage- government is keen to en- visited it to learn how it dations for long-term stabil- ment. It should include in- sure that the MILF put their won the Bangsamoro state ity, security and prosperity centives for innovation and weapons “beyond use” as from the Philippine govern- in the wake of a communal disincentives for sticking soon as possible. The MILF, ment. The ongoing nego- conflict that had begun in with status quo. Effective on the other hand, wants tiations have ramifications 1998. One of the most sig- SSD is an ongoing process help to create new liveli- well beyond the Philippines. nificant achievements of and not a one-time reform. hoods for its former fighters. RAMSI is the immediate That, it insists, will be the restoration of law and order, www.apcss.org 29 spotlight on governance

cussions for much needed employment Whither governance in Myanmar? generation. OpEd by Dr. Al Oehlers years ago, the reformist administra- Fast approaching elections in 2015 add tion of former general, President U to this climate of uncertainty. The challenge is huge. And the stakes Thein Sein, has surprised many with Though the apparent frontrunner is the high. the breathtaking speed it has acted opposition National League for De- How do you overhaul a pattern of on a wide range of reforms, spanning mocracy (NLD) led by Daw Aung San governance – reviled by many as op- the political, economic, and social Suu Kyi, such is the fluidity of politics pressive – so deeply entrenched and in priorities facing the country. All this in Myanmar that outright victory for place for over 50 years? is goodness, and while some critical the NLD is by no means assured, nor How do you overcome opacity, inertia observers have pointed out much more her claim on the coveted Presidency. and fear, to inject greater democratic could be done, a very promising start Hard-nosed political number crunch- oversight and accountability, inclu- exists. ers even now suggest the possibility siveness, transparency, predictability, But despite this, most who know of an unstable coalition government is rules-based behaviors, and other defin- Myanmar well confess to an unnerving a very real prospect, giving cause to ing hallmarks of good and effective sense of unease about the whole re- doubt sustained progress towards gov- governance? form effort. Though welcome, worries ernance improvements post-election. Under normal circumstances, such an How do you do so at a pace and scope persist that reforms are only superficial and skin-deep, insufficiently embed- outcome may perhaps be tolerable. that meets the ever-rising expectations But circumstances in Myanmar are of citizens and the international com- ded and effectively implemented, and therefore, reversible. anything but normal and may prove munity? unforgiving. And how do you maintain control of While leaders may race ahead an- nouncing reform after reform, an Disappointed and disillusioned vot- myriad challenges and priorities, co- ers may not be so patient as to let ordinating wide ranging reforms and overwhelmed civil service struggles to keep pace translating well-intentioned democratic processes run their natural sustaining momentum in the transition course to resolve such political un- to a more open, democratic society, ideals into practical and tangible improvements in everyday lives. certainty. Latent sectarian tensions with a modern competitive market – whether of a political, religious or A canny business community, mean- economy, and a stable, enduring peace ethnic nature – may be harnessed by while, unsure of the durability of the at long last among warring ethnic extremist groups to stoke unrest for reform effort, hesitates on crucial in- groups within the nation? political ends. The recent outbreaks of Failure to do so would involve more vestment decisions, with serious reper- than just dashing the hopes of the more than 50 million people of Myan- mar. The alarming prospect of a return to the dark past looms large, as well as the tragic descent into a greater chaos of ethnic and sectarian strife. Though at the cusp of a greater future, Myanmar remains delicately poised at a juncture where all the good that has been achieved, may yet unravel. The threshold or tipping point for assured progress – if there is one – remains elusive and has yet to be crossed. That is not to say progress has not been made. Compared with just a few

Lt.Gen. Leaf visits Myanmar’s National Defense College. 30 CURRENTS Spring 2014 decades in power, the influence of the military is pervasive. While a very important dynamic in curbing such influence undoubtedly rests in the greater empowerment of democratic institutions and civil society, towards which, much international assistance is now directed, it is equally important to complement such an approach with one that cultivates an in- clination on the part of the Tatmadaw to willingly relinquish such influence and transition to a role and mission more consistent with democratic prin- ciples. Maintaining the isolation of the Tat- Yangon, Myanmar - April 1, 2012: Supporters of Aung San Suu Kyi wave flags, outside madaw will not accomplish this. the National League For Democracy’s headquarters, on the day of the by-election. (Photo: Instead, a carefully designed engage- El-BrandenBrazil) ment to provide exposure to interna- religious violence across the country Might history repeat itself in the after- tional norms and best practices and serve as timely reminders of the ex- math of elections in 2015? Dare we comparable experiences of the evolv- istence of these tensions just beneath think the unthinkable? ing roles and responsibilities of the the veneer of civility and tolerance in Much of the responsibility for averting military during democratic transitions much social and political life in Myan- such a prospect, of course, lies with may prove helpful in assuaging some mar. One must hope the tragedy of political leaders in Myanmar, who of the anxieties of the Tatmadaw of such violence should never ensue. must exercise leadership qualities of the uncharted and possibly turbulent political future Myanmar is headed They say history is a good guide to the the highest order to navigate the politi- towards, and assist this crucial actor future. If that is the case, then there cal conundrums that will emerge. But in finding a niche for itself in the new is even more to worry about. Though the international community, too, has democratic system that will evolve. the façade of military rule during the an important role, bearing witness, last 50 years may give the impression encouraging, supporting and providing A long road remains to be traversed of stability and continuity, dramatic assistance where possible. in strengthening governance in Myan- reversals and abrupt political changes Quite properly, much of the focus of mar. Numerous risks are attendant are no strangers to the political history the international community to date on this process, and setbacks will in- of Myanmar. One is reminded of the has been on assistance to the nascent variably occur. Continued vigilance promising democratic dawn of post- civil society of Myanmar, strengthen- will remain essential to prevent any independence Burma (as it was then ing political institutions and cultures in derailment of this process. Moreover, known), the ensuing political upheav- anticipation of forthcoming elections, crucial as it is for the future of Myan- als, and eventual military coup that and building much needed capaci- mar, success in this effort holds wider snuffed out parliamentary democracy. ties in governance. But what is all significance for regional development and security. As members of the in- Then, the pretext was a political and too often neglected – due probably ternational community, it behooves us economic chaos presided over what to its highly controversial nature – is to remain invested in this process and were alleged to be incompetent, self- engagement with the military: the Tat- to canvass all possibilities of lending serving politicians – a situation anath- madaw. support, even if controversial. After ema to a military privileging order and Somewhat paradoxically, there is ar- all, the stakes are high. Shouldn’t all stability, and with a sacrosanct mis- guably no more crucial actor to the options be considered? sion to preserve the unity and integrity future of the democratic development of the nation. of Myanmar than the Tatmadaw. After www.apcss.org 31 Alumni News

Promotions Comoros Nepal Alumni Host Panel on Lt. Col. Rafick Soilihi, CSRT09-1, was promoted U.S. Rebalance to Asia-Pacific Australia as Commandant of the Gen- Steven Parsons, C12-01, darmerie. was promoted to wing commander. He has re- Jordan cently returned to Australia Ghaleb Qudaymat, following a 12-month de- CSRT13-1, was promoted to ployment. colonel.

Bangladesh Korea Monsurul Alam, ASC08- Youngkwan Ryu, EC05-2, 2, was promoted to Joint was selected for promotion Secretary and posted to the to brigadier general. Department of Environ- ment as Director, Climate Lebanon APCSS Director, retired U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Dan Change and International Youssef Haddad, EC08-2, Leaf, recently spoke to nearly 100 APCSS alumni in Conventions. was promoted to colonel Kathmandu, Nepal. He was part of a panel discussing Shamsul Alam, CCM12-1, and was deployed to the U.S. Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific that included former was promoted to commo- northern city of Tripoli to finance minister Prakash Chandra Lohani (SSD10-1), dore. stabilize conditions. Professor Shidhar Khatri (SSD11-1, SEC07-1), and for- M. Makbul Hossain, mer Inspector General of the Armed Police Force Sanat CCM08-1, was promoted Laos Kumar Basnet (SEC08-2). During his trip he also met to rear admiral and is work- Phonepaseuth Vann- with other senior alumni including the Nepal Chief of ing as Assistant Chief of abouth, CSRT09-1, was Army Staff General Gaurav SJB Rana (EC99-1). Naval Staff (Personnel). promoted as police major Sabbir Khan, CSRT11-1, and appointed Assistant was promoted to com- Director General of Interpol of Administration and For- eral Officer Commanding mander and completed his Department Laos. eign Relations. He is also Mid Division. Master’s degree in military Deputy Head of the General Pawan Pande, EC98-2, studies. Malaysia Authority for Border Pro- was promoted to lieutenant Md Tajri Alwi, EC01-2, tection and Chief of Staff of general. M. Abidur Rahman, the Border Force. EC04-1, was promoted to was promoted to major Sujan Sijapati, CSRT04- commodore and appointed general and posted as Grand 2, was promoted to major Nepal Deputy Director General of Chamberlain of the National general. Palace. Binoj Basnyat, ASC11-2, Bangladesh Coast Guard. Himalaya Thapa, ASC09- was promoted to major gen- 2, was promoted to major Maldives eral and posted as General Canada general and assigned as the Commanding Officer of Ahmed Saudhee, CCM11- Adjutant General of the Russell Fowler, ASC11-2, Eastern Division, Nepalese 1, was promoted as Deputy Nepalese Army. was promoted to captain Army. (Navy), and posted to Bei- Commissioner of Police. jing as Canada’s Defence Padam Karki, EC05-2, was New Zealand Attaché to China and Mon- Mongolia promoted to major general. Shaun Fogarty, C12-02, golia. Myagmardorj Tsend, Sundar Pudasaini, ASC12- was promoted to Navy Cap- ASC12-2, was promoted to 2, was promoted to major tain and appointed as the 32 CURRENTS Spring 2014 colonel and appointed Head general and posted as Gen- Chief of Staff to the New Alumni News Alumni Zealand Defense Logistics Rear Admiral Sanyalak United states Associations Rungsampa, EC03-1 and Command. Craig Reistad, JEC05-3, Afghanistan SEC09-2, was promoted to American Samoa was promoted to FS-01 vice admiral and assigned Australia Pakistan (GS-15) and appointed Dep- as Royal Thai Armed Forces Bangladesh uty Program Director of the Bhutan Tahir Hanfi, EC04-1 and Headquarters Special Ex- OR09-2, was promoted as International Law Enforce- Cambodia* pert. Cameroon Additional Secretary Public ment Academy (ILEA) in Lt. Gen. Nipat Thonglek, Canada Accounts Committee, Na- Gaborone, Botswana. Chile OR07-1 and SEC08-2, was tional Assembly of Pakistan. Ronald Stenger, ASC09-1, China promoted to general and ap- Colombia was promoted to colonel. pointed the new Permanent Comoros ** Philippines Secretary for Ministry of Joseph Y. Yun, EC04-3, Cook Islands Edgard A. Arevalo, C12- was appointed as Ambassa- Fiji Defense. Guam 01, was promoted to colo- dor to Malaysia. Hong Kong nel. India Philip Cacayan, ASC09-1, Indonesia Iraq was promoted to rear admi- Japan ral and assigned as Deputy Jordan Chief of Staff for Personnel, Kazakhstan J1, Armed Forces of the Lao PDR Lebanon Philippines. Madagascar** Yerson Epie Depayso, Malaysia EC06-2, was promoted to Maldives Marshall Islands brigadier general. Mauritius** Usana Ildebrandi, ASC11- Micronesia Mongolia 02, was promoted to Police Mozambique Senior Superintendent and Nepal he is the Training Man- New Zealand ager, School for Specialized Pakistan Courses. Palau APCSS Alumni Association charted for Papua New Guinea by Papua New Guinea Dr. Rouben Azizian with Defense Chief of Staff Captain Alois Tom Peru Tanzania (SEC04-2) and Lt.Col. Anthony Polum (EC01-1). Philippines Republic of Korea Yacoub Mohamed, ASC11- Russia & Far East Russia 2, was promoted to briga- Samoa dier general. Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Taiwan Peerapong Doungamporn, Tanzania CSRT05-1, was promoted Thailand Timor-Leste to Deputy Commissioner Tonga Special Branch Royal Thai Tuvalu Police. Vanuatu Vietnam Maj. Gen. Boonchu Kird- U.S. (D.C. & Hawaii) chok, EC03-1, was promoted to lieutenant general * Informal group and placed in charge of the ** Joint alumni association The Philippine APCSS Alumni Association gathered in Manila dur- with the Africa Center border committee. ing an APCSS workshop. More in the next issue! www.apcss.org 33 Alumni news

Position Bulgaria Alumni Awards Captain Stoyan Sengeliev, The following alumni are reconized for their outstanding Changes CSRT13-1, attended the work in support of APCSS and security cooperation: U.S. Marine Corps Com- Afganinistan mand and Staff College in Gen. Emmanuel Bautista (Philippines), SSD10-2 was Ghulam Haider, CCM08-1, Quantico ,Virginia. honored as the APCSS Alumnus of the Year for 2013 for his was appointed Chief Execu- outstanding contributions to reform the security sector of the tive Director of Afghanistan Chile Philippines. Institute of Rural Develop- Rodrigo Toledo, CSRT10- Commodore Severino David (Philippines), ASC10-1 ment. 1, is assigned to the Embas- earned an APCSS Alumni Achievement Awards for his con- sy of Chile in New Zealand tributions to developing and implementing the Defense Sys- Australia as Head of the Counterter- tem of Management approach to defense planning, resource rorism Department. management and budget execution within the Philippines Ambassador Peter Tesch, defense establishment. SEC02-1, completed his Air Marshal A. K. Singh (India), EC00-3/OR10-1, earned four-year tour as ambassa- Fiji an APCSS Alumni Achievement Awards for his efforts in dor to Germany. In his next Akuila Namakadre, establishing the India APCSS Alumni Association and for role, he will serve as First ASC10-1, returned from a his contributions in environmental protection as part of the Assistant Secretary, Interna- year working with the Unit- United Nations Environment Program. tional Security Division in ed Nations Mission in South S.D. Banga (India), ASC10-1, earned an APCSS Alumni the Department of Foreign Sudan. He is now pursuing Achievement Awards for completing his Fellows Project to Affairs and Trade. a Masters in International “Revise the Army Promotion System.” Relations and Diplomacy. Captain Khritsada Prapuettarm (Thailand), ASC10-2, Bangladesh Viliame Bulewa, ASC12- earned an APCSS Alumni Achievement for his efforts in Kamrul Ahsan, EC00-3, is 2, was appointed Assistant organizing and conducting the 2013 Western Pacific Naval Symposium Workshop in Bangkok, Thailand. High Commissioner of Ban- Commissioner of Correc- gladesh to Ottawa. He is tions in Fiji. Tanielu Vaiaso (Samoa), CCM13-1, earned an APCSS applying for a Master’s Pro- Alumni Achievement Awards for drafting the Standard Op- gram in International Rela- erating Procedures for all Samoa disaster response agencies India tions at Ottawa University. and for his efforts to improve the radio communication net- Mr. Kundan Vohra, work for disaster response. Commodore Baten A. S. CSRT11-1, was appointed Mr. Tahir Hanfi of EC04-1/OR09-2, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Tan- M. Abdul, EC07-2 and Director in the Chief of vir Tahir pf EC98-3 and Air Marshal (Ret.) Muhammad OR10-2, was appointed as Army Staff Secretariat. Yousaf of SEC06-3, earned alumni achievement awards Dean of the Faculty of Se- for their contributions in establishing the Pakistan APCSS curity and Strategic Studies Japan Alumni Association and for their efforts to nominate the best of Bangladesh University of participants for APCSS workshops. Professionals. Rear Admiral Gojiro Watanab, EC01-2, was Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Farooq Khan SEC03-2, Maj. Gen. Azeem Commander Sheikh Arif Asif EC00-2, Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Zaheer Babur SSTR07-1 assigned as Chief of Staff, Mahmood, EC03-1, has and OR13-2, Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Zakeer Abbasi SSTR06-1 Fleet Air Force. and ASC12-1, and Lt. Col. M. Abrar Ismael CCM08-2, completed his course at the National Defense College in earned alumni achievement awards for their leadership and Korea outstanding contributions in reconstruction and rehabilitation Bangladesh. efforts following the disastrous earthquakes that devastated Masudur Rahman, Ambassador (Ret.) Jae- many population centers in Pakistan. ASC09-1, was appointed bum Kim, EC02-2 and Consul General of Bangla- SEC05-2, assumed the posi- Note: Watch for our next edition with more alumni recog- desh in Dubai. tion of the Secretary Gener- nized for their outstanding efforts! al of the Korean-American Association. He also was 34 CURRENTS Spring 2014 appointed Secretary General of the Congo at the Mo- dor to the United Kingdom. quarters Defence Logistics Command as the SO1 Strat- of the Korean-American nusco police headquarters in Mashbat Otgonbayar, egy Execution. Association. He is also a Kinshasa. EC00-1 and SSD10-2, was board member and associate selected as Advisor to the director for the International Maldives Minister of Foreign Affairs. Pakistan Policy Studies Institute and Brig. Gen. Mansoor Mr. Agha Jan Akhtar, Policy Commissioner for Zakariyya, EC01-3 and Mozambique CRC08-1, OR12-1 and the Korean Council on For- OR10-1, is attending the OR13-2, was appointed as eign Relations. He wears Col. Ricardo Macuvele, College of International Chairman/Chief Executive another hat as a senior CSRT12-1, was appointed Security Affairs at the U.S. Port Qasim Authority. researcher for the Cyber Military Attaché in Malawi. National Defense Univer- Secretariat of the Forum for sity. East Asia—Latin America Nepal Philippines Cooperation. Brig. Gen. Anuj Basnyat, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Ferdinand Malaysia EC06-1, is participating in Bocobo, SEC06-3, is a laos Col. Badrul Hisham Mu- the Defense and Strategic practicing lawyer and Direc- hammad, EC05-2, was Studies Course at the Col- tor, Integrated BAR of the Ms. Sisamay Luangchan- selected as Commandant of lege of Defense Studies, Philippines-PPLM Chapter davong, ASC08-2, was ap- the Malaysian Peacekeeping NDU, Beijing, China. President, Rotary Club of pointed Lao Consul General Center in Port Dickson. Pasay MIA. in Shanghai. Rishi Ram Ghimire, EC05- 1, was appointed Minister Ms. Zenonida Brosas, Mongolia EC03-3 and SSD10-2, was Madagascar and Deputy Chief of Mis- appointed Deputy Direc- Odonjil Banzragch, EC04- sion to the Embassy of Ne- Capt. Ranaivoseheno tor General of the National 2, was appointed Ambassa- pal in Washington D.C. Louis Antoine de Padoue, Security Council, in charge dor to Egypt. Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Bijaya EC05-2, was appointed of carrying out closure-mo- Shahi, EC05-3, was ap- Chief of Staff of the Naval Ambassador Dashdorj dalities for existing peace pointed Security Consultant Forces Command. Bayarkhuu, EC06-1, agreements. completed his duties as for the Institute of Policy Brigadier General Same- Ambassador Elizabeth Ambassador to Cairo. He Research, Government of tiana Rabeharindranto, Buensuceso, EC04-1, is currently Ambassador at Nepal. EC99-1, is the Director of moved to the posting as per- large to Iran and working Mr. Chiran Thapa, Defense at the Ministry of manent representative of the from Ulaanbaatar. He is also ASC11-2, has taken a posi- the Armed Forces. Republic of the Philippines Chief Editor of Britannica’s tion with an organization to ASEAN. Col. Rarasoa Ralaialo- Edition on the Foreign Poli- called Saferworld, as its Re- mady, EC05-1, is the Direc- cy of Mongolia. gional Security and Justice Henry Dar, ASC12-1, was tor, Military Information appointed Deputy, 401st In- Col. Yeruultsengel Chi- Adviser for Asia. and Communication. fantry Brigade. middorj, CSRT08-1, is Brigadier General Frank working at U.S. Central New Zealand Col. Maxima ‘Emma’ Julson Rasolonjatovo Command as Chief of Sec- Captain (Ret.) Warren Ignacio, ASC12-2, was ap- Iavizara, EC01-1, is serv- tion, Central Asian Studies Cummings, EC01-3, is pointed Commandant, Air ing as Technical Advisor to Section. leading his own manage- Force Officer School, Phil- the Minister of the Armed ippines. Col. Erdenetsogt Dorj- ment consulting training Forces. palam, EC02-3, is working business. Police Senior Superin- Lieutenant Colonel Chan in The Hague as a United Lt. Col. Cate Tarsau, tendent Noli G. Talino, Kan Rika, ASC08-2, is Nations Inspector. EC06-1, recently returned serving in the United Na- continued on next page Mr. Tulga Narkhuu, EC04- to New Zealand following tions peacekeeping mission 3, was appointed Ambassa- an 8-month deployment and in the Democratic Republic has been posted to Head- www.apcss.org 35 Alumni News

Position Terrorism Task Force Pacif- ic, FBI Honolulu Division. Changes Sri Lanka Cmdr. Daniel Linquist, (continued) APOC10-2, completed his Air Marshall Kolitha year at the Army War Col- ASC12-1, was designated as Gunatilleke as the new the Deputy Director of the lege. He is now the senior Chief of the Air Force in Navy instructor at the De- Philippine National Police Sri Lanka, EC04-2. Special Action Force. fense Institute for Security Assistance Management. Poland Col. John Lloyd, ASC11-2 and APOC11-2, is the 19th Col. Dariusz Karwinski, missioner to Australia. is Chief Immigration Of- Engineer Battalion Com- CSRT08-1, was appointed Ambassador Adam Sadiq, ficer. mander. He is deployed Military, Naval and Air EC01-3,is at the Harvard Mr. Tataua Pese, CCM09- to Kuwait with his bat- Attaché Embassy of the Kennedy School in Cam- 1, is Secretary General of talion; they are conducting Republic of Poland Astana, bridge, Massachusetts as Tuvalu Red Cross. construction operations Kazakhstan. part of his Master’s degree throughout the country. program at the Lee Kuan United States Maj. (Ret.) John Lynch, Russia School of Public Policy of Gen. (Ret.) John Allen, JEC04-1, SSTR06-1 and Professor Larissa Ruben, the National University of SEC05-1, is a Senior Advi- CSRT05-1, transferred EC04-3, is Director of the Singapore. sor to the Secretary of De- from Okinawa Japan to Center in Russian Academy Rear Admiral (Ret.) fense on Middle East Secu- Washington D.C where he of Sciences. Sarath Weerasekara, rity and he has been selected is the Director of Data and EC99-1, was appointed as a Board Member for the Web Services at the Marine Sri Lanka Deputy Minister of Labor. Center for a New American Corps Institute. Maj. Gen. Gamini Jayas- Security. Col. Robert McDowell, undara, EC97-2, is head of Thailand Christopher Bazin, EC07- APOC12-1, is Commander the National Cadet Corp. Capt. Chusak Chupaitoon, 2, is Chief, Plans and Pro- of the 1st Special Forces H.W.W. Erandana He- EC05-1, is Deputy Direc- grams for the Joint POW/ Group (Airborne). He is mawardana, CCM10-1, tor of the Naval Strategic MIA Accounting Command. also the Commander, Joint was appointed Private Sec- Studies Center. He recently Special Operations Task Maj. Michelle Charleston, Force – Philippines. retary to Member of Par- hosted a WPNS Workshop APOC10-3, is Commander liament, the Honorable P. 2013. of the Defense Logistics Kenneth McKay, EC05-2, Thigambaram. Col. Saranyu Viriyave- Agency Energy Alaska. completed a year’s assign- ment in Kabul, Afghanistan, Rear Admiral (Ret.) jakul, EC08-2, served as Captain Ashley Evans, Wasantha Karannagoda, defense and military attaché working programs related to APOC13-2, is Commanding the rule of law. EC97-2, is the Sri Lankan to the U.S. and Canada in Officer of the Joint Typhoon Ambassador to Japan. Washington, D.C. Warning Center. Lt. Col. John P. Mitchell, Rear Admiral (Ret.) Anan- Mr. Thanawat Sirikul, APOC11-2, was selected for Maj. Allison Husman, the Army’s Advanced Civil da Peiris, EC03-2, is head EC01-2, was seconded to APOC09-1, transitioned of the Civil Security Depart- the Asia-Pacific Economic Schooling program where from the U.S. Army Pacific he is earning a master’s ment. Cooperation (APEC) Secre- Command to California. tariat as a Program Director. degree in Strategic Public Admiral (Ret.) Thisara David Ikeda, CSRT07-1 Relations from George Samarasinghe, EC03-1, is and ASC09-2, is working as Washington University. the Sri Lankan High Com- Tuvalu a Task Force Officer, Joint Wesley Potter, CSRT05-2, Mr. Salasopa Puti, EC07-2, transitioned to Fort Wain- 36 CURRENTS Spring 2014 wright as the Deputy Gar- Retirements Iotita United States rison Commander. Kuarawete, Capt. Richard Col. Patrick Reardon, EC00-1, re- Pusateri, Bangladesh EC01-3 and OR09-1, is tired from APOC11-2, serving in Afghanistan as Lt. Col. ABM Kiribati Police retired from Director for Security Assis- Azizul Islam, Force. the Navy as a tance Office. CCM08-2, re- Allan Timona, Force Chap- tired from the Lt. Col. (Ret) Victor Sala- EC02-1, re- lain. Bangladesh zar, EC02-3, is serving as tried from the Mr. David Army. He is the first Director of the C.L. Kiribati Police Coleman, currently writing articles Ivey Center at the College Force. APOC08-2, and books. His first book is of Education and Health retired from entitled “The Mission.” Professions. Mongolia the APCSS li- Canada brary. Kirk Skinner, Magvan SEAPOC10-1, transferred Khorolsuren, Col. James Col. Chris to Tampa Florida, where he EC01-3, re- Reilly, Weicker, will work as Transportation tired as a po- APOC07-3, EC05-2, re- Security Administration’s lice colonel. retired from Deputy Federal Security tired from the the Marine Director. Canadian Corps. Armed Forces after 36 years Nepal Lt. Col. Eric Udouj, of service. He is living with Lt. Col. Mi- SSTR06-02, is working his wife Evamarie in Victo- Bijaya Shahi, chael Yap, as the PSYOP Acquisition ria, British Columbia, Cana- EC05-3, re- APOC09-2, Analyst at U.S. Special Op- da. tired after 35 retired from erations Command. years of active Science Appli- France Colonel Brent Willson, service. cations SEAPOC12-1, transferred Vice Admiral Philippines (SAIC). Jean-Louis to 3rd Fleet in San Diego, Brigadier California. Vichot, Cmdr. Brian TSC09-2, re- General Ra- O’Donnell, tired from the mona Go, EC07-2, re- Uruguay French Navy CCM08-2, retired from the Col. Jose Vecino, CCM10- and is now living in Paris. tired and de- Navy after cided to enter 1, was appointed 1st Ar- Kiribati over 24 years mored Brigade Commander. politics. She won election of military service. Kamaua Ti- as Mayor in San Enrique, Cmdr. P. J. rae, EC97-2, Iloilo. Yemen Tech, OR12- retired from tonga First Lieutenant Abdullah Kiribati Police 03 and former Al-Mahbashi, CSRT13-1, Force. Solomone APCSS mili- is supporting the United Savelio, tary professor, Nations’ Mission in Darfur EC06-1 and retired from (UNAMID). He is the Of- Johnny Lang- CSRT09-1, the Navy and is now First ficer in Charge of Admin- ley, EC01-2, was promoted Officer, 767 and 757 inter- istration in Shangil Tobaia retired from to commander. national at American Air- Team Site. He was selected Kiribati Police He recently retired from the lines. as trainer in El-Fasher head- Force. Tonga Defence Services and quarters. now lives in the U.S. in Florida. www.apcss.org 37 APCSS Course Calendar * Note: Dates are subject to change. Please visit our website for the most current information. Course # Start Date End Date Advanced Security Cooperation (ASC) 14-3 25-Sep-14...... 30-Oct-14 15-1 02-Apr-15...... 09-May-15 15-2 24-Sep-15...... 29-Oct-15

Senior Executive Asia-Pacific Orientation Course Commander, U.S. Pacific Command Adm. Samuel J. Locklear III (SEAPOC) welcomes particpants and provides opening remarks on the first 14-2 7-Oct-14...... 9-Oct-14 day of the USPACOM State Partnership Program. Partnering with Hawaii Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism (CSRT) 15-1 11-Feb-15...... 13-Mar-15 Military Commanders Comprehensive Crisis Management (CCM) nent commanders. 15-1 21-Jul-15...... 21-Aug-15 Faculty members often lead and facilitiate discussions to Transnational Security Cooperation (TSC) help frame regional issues and their impact on the rest 14-2 08-Dec-14...... 12-Dec-14 of the region. 15-1 22-Jun-15...... 26-Jun-15 One example of this support was a three-day Senior Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (APOC) Leaders Workshop held at 14-1 21-Jul-14...... 25-Jul-14 APCSS, as part of the US PACOM State Partnership 14-2 08-Sep-14...... 12-Sep-14 Program (SPP). The “Part- 15-1 26-Jan-15...... 30-Jan-15 Lt.Col. Chris Hemming (USAF) addresses participants of the nering in the Rebalance” 15-2 01-Jun-15...... 05-Jun-15 workshop focused on the PACAF Conference. 15-3 31-Aug-15...... 04-Sep-15 rebalance to the Asia-Pacific APCSS provides CoCom region. It provided the at- support through executive tendees the opportunity to education, Regional Secu- review and facilitate en- rity Discussions and partici- hancements to security co- pation in workshops. operation efforts with seven These various efforts in- key regional partners. clude support for the U.S. Workshop participants Pacific Command’s Senior included USPACOM and Leaders Workshop, the U.S. National Guard (NG) senior Pacific Air Forces Com- leaders and other SPP stake- mander Conference, and holders from Washington, other workshops for compo- Alaska, Oregon, Guam, Idaho, and Hawaii.

38 CURRENTS Spring 2014 APCSS faculty discuss regional issues at a PACOM conference. OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

Director – Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf, U.S. Air Force Deputy Director – Brig. Gen. (Ret.) James T. Hirai, U.S. Army Foreign Policy Advisor – Ambassador (Ret.) Charles Salmon Development Advisor - Dr. Lori Forman

COLLEGE OF SECURITY STUDIES

Dean – Capt.(Ret.) Carleton Cramer, U.S. Navy Dr. J. Mohan Malik – China, Geopolitics, & Weapons Deputy Dean – Col. (Ret.) David Shanahan, U.S. Army Proliferation Academic Chief of Staff – Col. Gregory Winston, U.S. Army Dr. Justin Nankivell – International Law, Security Sector

Development contacts Dr. Rouben Azizian – Security Sector Development, Regional Ms. Kerry Nankivell – Maritime Security, Strategy & Organizations, Eurasia Security Decision-making Dr. Miemie Winn Byrd – Economics, Adult Ed., Myanmar Dr. Al Oehlers – Economics, Burma, Southeast Asia, Pa- Dr. James Campbell – Indonesia, BioSecurity cific Islands Maj. Jason L. Campbell, U.S. Army -Strategic Planning Mr. Tom Peterman – Disaster Management, UN HA/DR, Capt. Benjamin Clancy, U.S. Navy - National Security Law/Rule UN Peace Operations of Law Maj. James Popphan, USAF - Political Affairs, Terrorism, Ms. Jessica Ear – Human Security, Crisis Management, Civil Contingency Response Societies, Cambodia Dr. Jeffrey Reeves - China, Mongolia, and East Asia Se- Lt.Col. Reese Evers, USAF - Indonesia curity Mr. Herman Finley, Jr. – Information Technology, Strategic Col. (Ret.) Dave Shanahan, U.S. Army – Security Sector Communication, China Reform Dr. Lori Forman – Development Financing, ODA, Public-Private Mr. Shyam Tekwani – South Asia; Media & Conflict; Ter- Partnerships, Non-Governmental Organizations rorism Dr. David Fouse – Japan Col. Bryan P. Truesdell, U.S. Army - Decision-making, Lt. Col. Ian E. Francis, U.S. Army - China, Counter-Terrorism Leadership Dr. Scott Hauger – Environment/Science Dr. Alexander Vuving – Geopolitics, Southeast Asia, Lt. Col. Christopher Heming, USAF - Systems Acquisition China, Vietnam, South China Sea Dr. Jeffrey Hornung – Japan, East Asia Security/Foreign Policy Dr. Virginia Watson – Science & Technology Policy, Dr. Steven Kim – Korea, Governance Southeast Asia/Philippines, Water Security Lt.Cmdr Dara Kollasch, U.S. Navy - Southeast Asia Dr. William A. Wieninger – WMD Issues, Security Sector Maj. Douglas P. Krugman, USMC – Southeast Asia Development Maj. Christopher Kuchma, U.S. Air Force - Counterintelligence, Col. Gregory Winston, U.S. Army- South Asia Northeast Asia Dr. Saira Yamin - South Asia, Conflict Analysis & Reso- lution.

ADMISSIONS & BUSINESS OPERATIONS PUBLIC AFFAIRS Dean – Capt.(Ret.) Richard Sears, U.S. Navy Chief – Ms. Mary Markovinovic Webmaster/Photographer – Mr. Bob Goodwin ADMISSIONS Cover Art/Group photos – Visual Information (VI) Branch Chief – Lt. Col. (Ret.) Tom Patykula, U.S. Army Registrar – Ms. Pearl Peiler CURRENTS EDITORIAL BOARD Alumni – Lt. Col. (Ret.) John Gasner, U.S. Air Force Ms. Mary Markovinovic, Editor-in-Chief; Mr. Bob Goodwin, Co-Editor; Dr. Rouben Azizian; Lt.Cmdr. (Ret.) Jo Gardiner, Email: [email protected] USN; Lt. Col. (Ret.) John Gasner,USAF; Maj. Douglas P. [email protected] Krugman, Capt. Ed Miller, Dr. Al Oehlers; Lt.Col. Greg Plei- nis, Dr. Jeffrey Reeves, Col (Ret.) Dave Shanahan. Stay connected with APCSS... As of February 28, 2014

www.apcss.org 39 APCSS Alumnus of the Year

Gen. Emmanuel Bautista (SSD10-2), Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Phil- ippines was honored as the APCSS Alumnus of the Year for 2013 for his outstanding contributions to reform the security sector of the Philippines. (Left) Gen. Emmanuel Bautista meets with APCSS Director, Lt.Gen. Dan Leaf during a visit to the Center Oct. 18, 2013.

Please don’t forget to contact the Outreach and Alumni Coordination Branch at [email protected] if you have been promoted, changed job positions, or moved.

Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies 2058 Maluhia Road Honolulu, HI 96815

40 CURRENTS Spring 2014