DOCSLIB.ORG

The War Report 2017.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The War Report 2017.Pdf THE WAR REPORT ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 ANNYSSA BELLAL THE ACADEMY A JOINT CENTER OF THE WAR REPORT ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The War Report 2017 was supervised and edited by Dr Annyssa Bellal, Strategic Ad- viser on IHL and Senior Research Fellow at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (Geneva Academy). The different sections on selected armed conflicts were written by individual authors and copy-edited by Munizha Ahmad-Cooke. The War Report 2017 also builds on past editions since 2012. The Geneva Academy would like to thank the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAE) for its support to the Geneva Academy’s research on this issue. DISCLAIMERS This report is the work of the editor and authors. The views expressed in it do not necessarily reflect those of the Geneva Academy. The qualification of any situation of armed violence as an armed conflict under international law should not be read such as to trigger war clauses in insurance contracts and does not in any way affect the need for due diligence by any natural or legal person in their work in any of the situations referred to. Furthermore, facts, matters or opinions contained in the report are provided by the Geneva Academy without assuming responsibility to any user of the report who may rely on its contents in whole or in part. The designation of armed non-state actors, states or territories does not imply any judgement by the Geneva Academy regarding the legal status of such actors, states or territories, or their authorities and institutions, or the delimitation of their boundaries, or the status of any states or territories that border them. March 2018 ISBN: 978-2-9701003-5-5 © The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Sari Arraf is the author of the sections on Libya, Nigeria and Yemen. He is a Palestinian INFORMATION citizen of Israel and a practising lawyer in that country. He is currently pursuing an LLM degree in Human Rights and Humanitarian Action at Sciences Po (Paris) with a ABOUT THE AUTHORS focus on Middle Eastern Studies. Vicken Cheterian is the author of the section on the Kurdish military formations in the Middle East. He is a member of the Faculty of International Communications and Journalism at Webster University, Geneva, and a Lecturer on International Relations at the University of Geneva Global Studies Institute. : ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 4 2017 IN ARMED CONFLICTS : Monste Ferrer is the author of the section on the conflict in Israel/Palestine. She is a INFORMATION ABOUT 5 THE AUTHORS ABOUT INFORMATION THE WAR REPORT: ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2016 4 2016 IN ARMED CONFLICTS REPORT: THE WAR US-trained lawyer from Spain currently pursuing a dual degree graduate programme at Harvard Kennedy School and the Graduate Institute of International and Develop- ment Studies, Geneva. She previously worked for seven years in several US and Asian THE WAR REPORT THE WAR offices of an international law firm. Julie Lambin is the author of the section on Mexico. She is pursuing a Master in In- ternational Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. She specializes in international human rights law and international criminal law and has worked for human rights organizations in Mexico, Brussels and Geneva. Ximena Mercedes Galvez Lima is the author of the section on El Salvador. She is pursuing a Master in International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, focusing on international humanitarian law. She has worked in Bolivia for the U N Office on Drugs and Crime, and on access to justice of vulnerable groups. Laura Baron Mendoza is the author of the sections on Myanmar and the Philippines. She is a Colombian lawyer specialized in conflict resolution, and holds an LLM in In- ternational Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law from the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. She is currently working, as a lawyer, on the implementation of the Havana peace agreement reached between the Colombian Government and the FARC-EP in 2016. Ana Beatriz Balcazar Moreno is the author on the section on Colombia. She is a law- yer specialized in public international law, global governance and accountability. She holds a Master’s degree in Administrative Law from Del Rosario University, Bogotá, and a Master’s degree in European Studies from the Global Studies Institute at the Uni- versity of Geneva. She also obtained a diploma in Political Science from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Lyon, a diploma in Transnational Law from the University of Geneva and a diploma in International Affairs and Multilateral Governance from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. Currently, she is pursuing a Master’s degree in International Law at the Graduate Institute, Geneva. Caroline Siewert is the author of the section on Afghanistan and Somalia. She holds law degrees from the Universities of Potsdam and Nanterre, as well as an LLM from the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. She was previously involved in the work on the Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts project and is currently working in the Legal Division of the International Committee of the Red Cross as an Associate. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 13 CONTENTS 7 CONTENTS PART 1 : SUMMARY 16 1. WHAT IS AN ARMED CONFLICT? 17 : ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 6 2017 IN ARMED CONFLICTS : 20 THE WAR REPORT: ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2016 6 2016 IN ARMED CONFLICTS REPORT: THE WAR 2. INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT A. CRITERIA FOR THE EXISTENCE OF AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 20 B. THE GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 22 THE WAR REPORT THE WAR C. SUMMARY IHL RULES GOVERNING INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 22 D. SUMMARY IHL RULES GOVERNING A SITUATION OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION 23 E. WHEN DOES AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT END? 23 3. NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 24 A. CRITERIA FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 24 B. WHEN DOES A NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT END? 26 C. THE GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF A NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 26 D. RULES APPLICABLE IN A NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 28 4. WHICH ARMED CONFLICTS OCCURRED IN 2017? 29 A. INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 29 B. NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 30 PART 2 : KEY DEVELOPMENTS OF SELECTED ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 32 SELECTED INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS 33 1. THE PALESTINIAN–ISRAELI ARMED CONFLICT: FIFTY YEARS ON 33 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 33 1. The West Bank and East Jerusalem 33 a. Sustained Violence 34 b. Land Expropriation, Economic Stagnation, Demolitions and Settlements 35 c. Freedom of Movement and the Separation Barrier 37 3. EL SALVADOR: HIGH LEVEL OF ARMED GANG VIOLENCE, d. Arbitrary Detention 38 BUT NOT AN ARMED CONFLICT UNDER IHL 64 e. The Palestinian Authority 38 A. HISTORY OF THE VIOLENCE 65 2. The Gaza Strip 39 B. MAIN ARMED GANGS 67 CONTENTS 9 CONTENTS a. The Blockade 40 1. Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) 68 b. Hamas 41 2. Mara Barrio 18 (MS-18) 69 B. PARTIES TO THE CONFLICTS 42 C. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN 2017: HIGH LEVEL OF ARMED GANG VIOLENCE, : ARMED CONFLICTS IN 2017 8 2017 IN ARMED CONFLICTS : C. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN 2017: BUT NOT AN ARMED CONFLICT UNDER IHL 70 THE PALESTINIAN–ISRAELI ARMED CONFLICT FIFTY YEARS ON 42 D. WAR CRIMES ALLEGATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS 70 1. Settlements 42 2. Fatah and Hamas Reconciliation 45 4. LIBYA: CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY CONTINUE 70 THE WAR REPORT THE WAR 3. Jerusalem 47 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 71 D. WAR CRIMES ALLEGATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS 48 B. PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT 77 1. Libyan National Army (LNA) 77 SELECTED NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS 49 2. The Zintani Militias 77 3. Libya Shield Forces (LSF) 77 1. AFGHANISTAN: INCREASED INVOLVEMENT 4. Misratan Third Force 77 49 OF THE UNITED STATES IN COMBAT OPERATIONS 5. Benghazi Revolutionaries Shura Council (BRSC) 78 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 50 6. Former Ansar al-Sharia in Libya (ASL) 78 B. PARTIES TO THE CONFLICTS 51 7. Islamic State in Libya (ISIL) 78 1. Afghan Forces 51 8. Derna Mujahideen Shura Council (DMSC) 78 2. The United States Armed Forces 51 9. Benghazi Defense Brigades (BDB) 79 3. The Taliban 52 10. Libyan National Guard (LNG) 79 52 4. The Haqqani Network C. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN 2017: CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY CONTINUE 79 53 5. The Islamic State in Afghanistan (Khorasan Branch) D. WAR CRIMES ALLEGATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS 82 C. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN 2017: INCREASED INVOLVEMENT OF THE US IN COMBAT OPERATIONS 53 5. MEXICO: ARMED GANG VIOLENCE SLIDING INTO D. WAR CRIMES ALLEGATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS 55 ARMED CONFLICT? 83 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 83 2. COLOMBIA: ARMED GANG VIOLENCE SPOILS B. PARTIES TO THE CONFLICTS 86 THE PEACE PROCESS 55 1. Mexican Security Forces 86 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 56 2. The Sinaloa Cartel 86 B. PARTIES TO THE CONFLICTS 58 3. The Jalisco Cartel New Generation (CJNG) 87 1. Colombian Armed Forces 59 The Zetas 88 2. Criminal bands (BACRIM) 59 La Familia Michoacana 88 3. National Liberation Army (ELN) 61 The Beltran Lyva Organization (BLO) 89 C. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN 2017: ARMED GANG VIOLENCE SPOILS THE PEACE PROCESS 62 C. KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN 2017: ARMED GANG VIOLENCE SLIDING INTO ARMED CONFLICT? 89 D. WAR CRIMES ALLEGATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS 63 D. WAR CRIMES ALLEGATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS 91 6. MYANMAR: THE EMERGENCE OF THE ROHINGYA INSURGENCY 9. THE ARMED CONFLICT IN SOMALIA: ESCALATING FATALITIES 127 IN NORTHERN RAKHINE 92 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 127 A. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT 92 B.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BOKO HARAM Emerging Threat to the U.S
    112TH CONGRESS COMMITTEE " COMMITTEE PRINT ! 1st Session PRINT 112–B BOKO HARAM Emerging Threat to the U.S. Homeland SUBCOMMITTEE ON COUNTERTERRORISM AND INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES December 2011 FIRST SESSION U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 71–725 PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY PETER T. KING, New York, Chairman LAMAR SMITH, Texas BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California LORETTA SANCHEZ, California MIKE ROGERS, Alabama SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas HENRY CUELLAR, Texas GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia LAURA RICHARDSON, California CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois TIM WALBERG, Michigan BRIAN HIGGINS, New York CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota JACKIE SPEIER, California JOE WALSH, Illinois CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana PATRICK MEEHAN, Pennsylvania HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan BEN QUAYLE, Arizona WILLIAM R. KEATING, Massachusetts SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia KATHLEEN C. HOCHUL, New York BILLY LONG, Missouri VACANCY JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania BLAKE FARENTHOLD, Texas MO BROOKS, Alabama MICHAEL J. RUSSELL, Staff Director & Chief Counsel KERRY ANN WATKINS, Senior Policy Director MICHAEL S. TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk I. LANIER AVANT, Minority Staff Director (II) C O N T E N T S BOKO HARAM EMERGING THREAT TO THE U.S. HOMELAND I. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 II. Findings ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
    TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’S Enduring Insurgency
    Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’s Enduring Insurgency Editor: Jacob Zenn Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’s Enduring Insurgency Jacob Zenn (Editor) Abdulbasit Kassim Elizabeth Pearson Atta Barkindo Idayat Hassan Zacharias Pieri Omar Mahmoud Combating Terrorism Center at West Point United States Military Academy www.ctc.usma.edu The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Combating Terrorism Center, United States Military Academy, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. May 2018 Cover Photo: A group of Boko Haram fighters line up in this still taken from a propaganda video dated March 31, 2016. COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Director The editor thanks colleagues at the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point (CTC), all of whom supported this endeavor by proposing the idea to carry out a LTC Bryan Price, Ph.D. report on Boko Haram and working with the editor and contributors to see the Deputy Director project to its rightful end. In this regard, I thank especially Brian Dodwell, Dan- iel Milton, Jason Warner, Kristina Hummel, and Larisa Baste, who all directly Brian Dodwell collaborated on the report. I also thank the two peer reviewers, Brandon Kend- hammer and Matthew Page, for their input and valuable feedback without which Research Director we could not have completed this project up to such a high standard. There were Dr. Daniel Milton numerous other leaders and experts at the CTC who assisted with this project behind-the-scenes, and I thank them, too. Distinguished Chair Most importantly, we would like to dedicate this volume to all those whose lives LTG (Ret) Dell Dailey have been afected by conflict and to those who have devoted their lives to seeking Class of 1987 Senior Fellow peace and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Breaking Boko Haram and Ramping up Recovery: US-Lake Chad Region 2013-2016
    From Pariah to Partner: The US Integrated Reform Mission in Burma, 2009 to 2015 Breaking Boko Haram and Ramping Up Recovery Making Peace Possible US Engagement in the Lake Chad Region 2301 Constitution Avenue NW 2013 to 2016 Washington, DC 20037 202.457.1700 Beth Ellen Cole, Alexa Courtney, www.USIP.org Making Peace Possible Erica Kaster, and Noah Sheinbaum @usip 2 Looking for Justice ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This case study is the product of an extensive nine- month study that included a detailed literature review, stakeholder consultations in and outside of government, workshops, and a senior validation session. The project team is humbled by the commitment and sacrifices made by the men and women who serve the United States and its interests at home and abroad in some of the most challenging environments imaginable, furthering the national security objectives discussed herein. This project owes a significant debt of gratitude to all those who contributed to the case study process by recommending literature, participating in workshops, sharing reflections in interviews, and offering feedback on drafts of this docu- ment. The stories and lessons described in this document are dedicated to them. Thank you to the leadership of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) and its Center for Applied Conflict Transformation for supporting this study. Special thanks also to the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) for assisting with the production of various maps and graphics within this report. Any errors or omis- sions are the responsibility of the authors alone. ABOUT THE AUTHORS This case study was produced by a team led by Beth ABOUT THE INSTITUTE Ellen Cole, special adviser for violent extremism, conflict, and fragility at USIP, with Alexa Courtney, Erica Kaster, The United States Institute of Peace is an independent, nonpartisan and Noah Sheinbaum of Frontier Design Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from Colombia for Curtailing the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria
    Lessons From Colombia For Curtailing The Boko Haram Insurgency In Nigeria BY AFEIKHENA JEROME igeria is a highly complex and ethnically diverse country, with over 400 ethnic groups. This diversity is played out in the way the country is bifurcated along the lines of reli- Ngion, language, culture, ethnicity and regional identity. The population of about 178.5 million people in 2014 is made up of Christians and Muslims in equal measures of about 50 percent each, but including many who embrace traditional religions as well. The country has continued to experience serious and violent ethno-communal conflicts since independence in 1960, including the bloody and deadly thirty month fratricidal Civil War (also known as the Nigerian-Biafran war, 1967-70) when the eastern region of Biafra declared its seces- sion and which claimed more than one million lives. The most prominent of these conflicts recently pitch Muslims against Christians in a dangerous convergence of religion, ethnicity and politics. The first and most dramatic eruption in a series of recent religious disturbances was the Maitatsine uprising in Kano in December 1980, in which about 4,177 died. While the exact number of conflicts in Nigeria is unknown, because of a lack of reliable sta- tistical data, it is estimated that about 40 percent of all conflicts have taken place since the coun- try’s return to civilian rule in 1999.1 The increasing wave of violent conflicts across Nigeria under the current democratic regime is no doubt partly a direct consequence of the activities of ethno- communal groups seeking self-determination in their “homelands,” and of their surrogate ethnic militias that have assumed prominence since the last quarter of 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • 20190627 Ot Libro Philippines.Pdf
    The Philippines: Peace talks and autonomy in Mindanao Bryony Lau © Forum of Federations, 2019 ISSN: 1922-558X (online ISSN 1922-5598) Occasional Paper Series Number 35 The Philippines: Peace talks and autonomy in Mindanao By Bryony Lau For more information about the Forum of Federations and its publications, please visit our website: www.forumfed.org. Forum of Federations 75 Albert Street, Suite 411 Ottawa, Ontario (Canada) K1P 5E7 Tel: (613) 244-3360 Fax: (613) 244-3372 [email protected] The Philippines: Peace talks and autonomy in Mindanao 3 Overview The Philippines has been wracked by an insurgency in its Muslim south since the early 1970s. A negotiated settlement at last seemed within reach by 2015. Moros, an umbrella term for thirteen ethno-linguistic groups that practice Islam, make up roughly 5 percent of the population in the predominantly Roman Catholic Philippines.1 They are concentrated in two non-contiguous areas: the central portion of Mindanao, the large island in the country’s far south; and in the Sulu archipelago, which stretches from the western tip of Mindanao to Sabah in eastern Malaysia. Moros began mobilizing against the Philippine state in the late 1960s and launched an armed rebellion in 1972. The first of several peace agreements to grant Moros autonomy was signed in 1976 under martial law. The 1987 constitution envisioned a Moro autonomous region within the unitary republic. The government created this region by fiat in 1989 but it had few powers and remained under Manila’s control. The insurgents did not believe it was truly autonomous. As peace talks dragged out, the armed movement splintered and divisions among Moros deepened.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the Remaking of the International Oil Industry, 1957-1979
    Empires of Energy: Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the Remaking of the International Oil Industry, 1957-1979 Author: Jonathan Robert Kuiken Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104079 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2013 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of History EMPIRES OF ENERGY: BRITAIN, BRITISH PETROLEUM, SHELL AND THE REMAKING OF THE INTERNATIONAL OIL INDUSTRY, 1957-1979 [A dissertation by] JONATHAN R. KUIKEN submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August, 2013 © copyright by JONATHAN ROBERT KUIKEN 2013 Empires of Energy: Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the remaking of the international oil industry, 1957-1979 Jonathan R. Kuiken Dissertation Advisor - James E. Cronin Dissertation Abstract This dissertation examines British oil policy from the aftermath of the Suez Crisis in 1956-1957 until the Iranian Revolution and the electoral victory of Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative Party in 1979. It was a period marked by major transitions within Britain’s oil policy as well as broader changes within the international oil market. It argues that the story of Britain, and Britain’s two domestically-based oil companies, BP and Shell, offers a valuable case study in the development of competing ideas about the reorganization of the international oil industry in the wake of the rise of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries and the companies’ losing control over the production of oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Terrorist Organizations
    Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Reserve Command
    NAVAL RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS Military Science –1 (MS-1) COURSE ORIENTATION Training Regulation A. Introduction: The conduct of this training program is embodied under the provisions of RA 9163 and RA 7077 and the following regulations shall be implemented to all students enrolled in the Military Science Training to produce quality enlisted and officer reservists for the AFP Reserve Force. B. Attendance: 1. A minimum attendance of nine (9) training days or eighty percent (80%) of the total number of ROTC training days per semester shall be required to pass the course. 2. Absence from instructions maybe excuse for sickness, injury or other exceptional circumstances. 3. A cadet/ cadette (basic/advance) who incurs an unexcused absence of more than three (3) training days or twenty percent (20%) of the total number of training during the semester shall no longer be made to continue the course during the school year. 4. Three (3) consecutive absences will automatically drop the student from the course. C. Grading: 1. The school year which is divided into two (2) semesters must conform to the school calendar as practicable. 2. Cadets/ cadettes shall be given a final grade for every semester, such grade to be computed based on the following weights: a. Attendance - - - - - - - - - - 30 points b. Military Aptitude - - - - - 30 points c. Subject Proficiency - - - - 40 points 3. Subject proficiency is forty percent (40%) apportioned to the different subjects of a course depending on the relative importance of the subject and the number of hours devoted to it. It is the sum of the weighted grades of all subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • OH-323) 482 Pgs
    Processed by: EWH LEE Date: 10-13-94 LEE, WILLIAM L. (OH-323) 482 pgs. OPEN Military associate of General Eisenhower; organizer of Philippine Air Force under Douglas MacArthur, 1935-38 Interview in 3 parts: Part I: 1-211; Part II: 212-368; Part III: 369-482 DESCRIPTION: [Interview is based on diary entries and is very informal. Mrs. Lee is present and makes occasional comments.] PART I: Identification of and comments about various figures and locations in film footage taken in the Philippines during the 1930's; flying training and equipment used at Camp Murphy; Jimmy Ord; building an airstrip; planes used for training; Lee's background (including early duty assignments; volunteering for assignment to the Philippines); organizing and developing the Philippine Air Unit of the constabulary (including Filipino officer assistants; Curtis Lambert; acquiring training aircraft); arrival of General Douglas MacArthur and staff (October 26, 1935); first meeting with Major Eisenhower (December 14, 1935); purpose of the constabulary; Lee's financial situation; building Camp Murphy (including problems; plans for the air unit; aircraft); Lee's interest in a squadron of airplanes for patrol of coastline vs. MacArthur's plan for seapatrol boats; Sid Huff; establishing the air unit (including determining the kind of airplanes needed; establishing physical standards for Filipino cadets; Jesus Villamor; standards of training; Lee's assessment of the success of Filipino student pilots); "Lefty" Parker, Lee, and Eisenhower's solo flight; early stages in formation
    [Show full text]
  • Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances
    SWP Research Paper Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber (Eds.) Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances RP 5 June 2015 Berlin All rights reserved. © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2015 SWP Research Papers are peer reviewed by senior researchers and the execu- tive board of the Institute. They express exclusively the personal views of the authors. SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 3­4 10719 Berlin Germany Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org [email protected] ISSN 1863-1053 Translation by Meredith Dale (Updated English version of SWP-Studie 7/2015) Table of Contents 5 Problems and Recommendations 7 Jihadism in Africa: An Introduction Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 13 Al-Shabaab: Youth without God Annette Weber 31 Libya: A Jihadist Growth Market Wolfram Lacher 51 Going “Glocal”: Jihadism in Algeria and Tunisia Isabelle Werenfels 69 Spreading Local Roots: AQIM and Its Offshoots in the Sahara Wolfram Lacher and Guido Steinberg 85 Boko Haram: Threat to Nigeria and Its Northern Neighbours Moritz Hütte, Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 99 Conclusions and Recommendations Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 103 Appendix 103 Abbreviations 104 The Authors Problems and Recommendations Jihadism in Africa: Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances The transnational terrorism of the twenty-first century feeds on local and regional conflicts, without which most terrorist groups would never have appeared in the first place. That is the case in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Syria and Iraq, as well as in North and West Africa and the Horn of Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jihadi Industry: Assessing the Organizational, Leadership And
    The Jihadi Industry: Assessing the Organizational, Leadership, and Cyber Profiles Report to the Office of University Programs, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security July 2017 National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism A Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence Led by the University of Maryland 8400 Baltimore Ave., Suite 250 • College Park, MD 20742 • 301.405.6600 www.start.umd.edu National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism A Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence About This Report The authors of this report are Gina Ligon, Michael Logan, Margeret Hall, Douglas C. Derrick, Julia Fuller, and Sam Church at the University of Nebraska, Omaha. Questions about this report should be directed to Dr. Gina Ligon at [email protected]. This report is part of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) project, “The Jihadi Industry: Assessing the Organizational, Leadership, and Cyber Profiles” led by Principal Investigator Gina Ligon. This research was supported by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate’s Office of University Programs through Award Number #2012-ST-061-CS0001, Center for the Study of Terrorism and Behavior (CSTAB 1.12) made to START to investigate the role of social, behavioral, cultural, and economic factors on radicalization and violent extremism. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S.
    [Show full text]