700 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 The United States Congress ls going to miss which issued the report "Strategy and Tactics world into mass violence and disorder t.o be two distinguished, gracious la.dies-Rep. of World Communism." :followed by an era of totaUtartan, Commu­ Frances P. Bolton, R-Ohio, and Rep. Edna One of her bills sought the return of nist regimes." Kelly, D-N.Y. 28,000 Greek children kidnaped by Commu­ Mrs. Kelly knows the facts and she used Spry and active octogenarian Frances Bol­ nist guerrillas during the Red insurrection her knowledge with distinction as chairman ton entered the House 28 years ago when she in Greece. of the Subcommittee on Europe on the Com­ was elected to fill the unexpired term of her In 1953 President Eisenhower named Mrs. mittee for Foreign Affairs. late husband, Chester C. Bolton. Bolton a delegate to the General Assembly Since entering the House in 1949 in a spe­ A dynamic and energetic reformer, she of the United Nations. cial election in Brooklyn she was active on a served on many committees including the Her decorations would fill pages. A private number of congressional subcommittees in­ Committee of Foreign Affairs since 1941. She law authorized Mrs. Bolton to wear the cluding national security, the Middle-East was a member of subcommittees whose at­ French Legion of Honor "Officer Class" con­ and East-West trade. tentions focused on Europe, the Near East, ferred to her for her work during and after She came to be respected and loved by the Balkans and Africa. She travelled widely the war. exiles from Eastern Europe for her activities and is considered an expert on the Near East Edna Kelly established an equally proud concerning the Captive Nations. In 1962 as and a specialist of African Affairs. record as a liberal in internal affairs, as a chairman of the Subcommittee on Europe Also interesting in nursing and medical hard-minded patriot in foreign affairs. Un­ she held hearings "to explore new methods of care afforded American fighting men, she like many self-styled liberals, she was never communicating with freedom-loving people contributed progressive legislation in health. duped by Communist dialectics. behind the Iron Curtain". She was largely responsible for the Army Mrs. Kelly lost her seat to Rep. Emanuel In a report to her constituents last October Celler, D-N.Y., when a quirk of redistriction School of Nursing. The Bolton Bill created she wrote: threw the two into the same district. But she the U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps that graduated "We live in an age in which forces of revo­ has time for a comeback. She belongs in 125,000 nurses for World War II. lution-simulated, enticed and guided by Washington. She was chairman of the Subcommittee on Communist ideology-are hell bent on de­ Both Mrs. Bolton and Mrs. Kelly deserve to National and International Movements stroying the existing order and plunging the be remembered.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, January 1'5, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. From the Hill," written by my distin­ The point is, of course, that procurement The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, guished colleague and good friend, the impacts on the economy, on community wel­ D.D., offered the following prayer: gentleman from California, Congress­ fare, on specific industries and occupations, all of which flourish or wither in the district The Spirit of the Lord is upon me.­ man CHET HOLIFIELD. The article appears of one Congressman or another. Contractors Luke 4: 18. in the Defense Management Journal, are even known to locate branch plants in Eternal God, our heavenly Father, we volume IV, issue No. 4, fall of 1968, be­ districts where the chairman of a key com­ come to Thee at this noontide moment of ginning at page 6. mittee or subcommittee might become a The Defense Management Journal is legitimate champion of their cause before prayer humbly and gratefully for in Thee the Pentagon for a sustained flow of Gov­ is the answer to our questions, the solu­ published by the Directorate for Cost Re­ duction and Management Improvement ernment business. tion of our problems, and the goal of our Military supply systems, which absorb the noblest endeavors. Policy in the Office of the Assistant Sec­ vast outpouring of military goods procured, May it be our aim, as we meet daily retary of Defense, Installations and Lo­ are less visible to the Congress and hence in this historic Chamber, to meet the gistics. It is concerned with Govern­ less well understood-at least in problem needs of struggling humanity, to ment management, and its contributors terms. This is the realm of the commodity are experts in this field. manager and the weapon system manager, strengthen the ties that bind free men who employ methods and terminology strange together, and to find the way to peace In the 90th Congress the gentleman from California mpletely Without this system, our research indi­ of land. There should be considerable extra machine processed. In essence, the ex>de is an cates that within the next five to ten years savings on land costs by building in outlying abbreviated form of the major elements of the postal deficit will amount to two and one areas rather than mid-town. an address. The ZIP code would continue to half billion dollars annually and a first class Having built the mail factory will, how­ be a vital part of the address and would be stamp will cost 15 cents. ever, not be enough. We must have a me­ essential to an e1Hcient operation of the Permit me now to explain each facet of the chanical system to install in it. coding system. modular mall factory concept. · This leads to the modules of which I spoke We have signed a contract for the first First the mail factory concept. earlier. prototype module with Ling-Temco-Vought A mail factory ls just what it sounds like. Remember now that all of this machinery Electro Systems, Inc. The contract ls for $3, For that ls what the mail is--a product already exists. 163,903. Testing of this module will begin which must be moved through a factory-like Some of it is on our workroom floors and shortly in Atlanta, Georgia. Various aspects structure, a factory which provides good some of it exists in foreign countries. In of the testing will range from six months to working oonditions for the employees and a fact some of it is made here and shipped to 18 months. When the testing is concluded, we factory which can move the product as England, Belgium and Sweden. When I found will be ready to go with installation-and the swiftly as possible. that out I asked the company why it never installation will begin in mail factories, not The old system of building huge public offered the equipment here. They answered: public monuments. monuments is no longer necessary. When the "We never offered it because there is just too The final element I wish to discuss today is public monuments originally were built back much red tape in the U.S. Post Office." in the change in the rate structure which was in the 1930's, they were used as a vehicle to Well, I couldn't agree with them more. included in the budget announced this morn­ put people to work in a time of depression. But we've cut some of that red tape and ing. Since then the United States has changed­ now we can get thls machinery a.s well. This marks the first time that the Post but the postal service to this point has not. But the history of the Post Office has been Office Department will be able to operate Building a huge monument downtown such that no one has ever previously tried in the black since World War II. only adds to the traffic congestion. There ls to tie it all together. For much too long each We have recommended the elimination of dollar waste on land, and on construction administration and each Postmaster Gen­ the air mail stamp and the increase of first and each new post office requires a new set eral has concentrated on only one element class postage from 6¢ to 7¢. of architectural and engineering plans which without tying together all the pieces. There were several reasons for this decision. means further dollar waste. As a result, we have letter-sorting ma­ The first ls the concept of putting the post And-as the mail grows with the popula­ chines which are the most advanced in the office on a business footing. The constant rise tion-the time ultimately comes when the world, but which have no inter-faced meoh­ in our deficit must be stopped. This could building must be enlarged. If it ls built anization for ease of processing. We have only be done by a rate increase at this time. downtown there is no room for enlarging it optical character readers which have great Thanks to our air tax.I service and our space and the whole process must begin again. capability, but which are not extended to available system on first class mail, virtually We recommend then, the mail factory. their potential. And flirting around the edges all of the first class mail carrying a 6¢ stamp These will be constructed acex>rding to one we have other smaller machinery which if now goes by air anytime the distance is over master floor plan, will be one story in height, inter-faced would make it possible for the 200 miles. and can have an exterior facade which can mail to be more swiftly processed without so The air mail stamp will no longer be neces­ be appropriately designed to fit into the much proclivity for human error. And using sary. architectural or cultural surroundings. this machinery we can also for the first time But the interior will always be the same. come up with a standardization formula for By eliminating it and its processing re­ These mail factories wm be built on the handling the mail instead of the varying quirements we will have considerable sav­ arterial highways bordering the core city, techniques now used. ings. By raising the rates, we contribute­ close to the airports where possible. I would also point out that this change after deductions for the 10 cent stamp-519 Enough land will be acquired to provide into mechanization can be done without million, 400 thousand dollars to our operating employee parking-something which is not cutting down the labor force of the post fund. This eliminates the postal deficit. now possible-and there wlll also be enough offices. There must be a retraining of some The decision to adjust the rates in this land to permit extension in the futute. Two skills of course. But this retraining can only fashion was, in our opinion, the only way walls of the building will be constructed in help all our people to a higher standard of we could possibly administer the problems of such a way that this extension will be easily pay and ability. the postal service at this moment. possible. The reason that this requires no cutback It was a hard decision, but one which must Naturally, the Post Office will continue to in the current work force is because the mail be made. maintain customer service facilities and some volume constantly increases. Our studies in­ This is a time when other hard decisions of its administrative functions in the down­ dicate that twenty years from now there will will also have to be made. town business and residential areas. But we be 140 billion pieces of mail-and that is a But there can no longer be any hiding cannot exist any longer with a public monu­ good indication of why we must plan now. from the problems . . . there can no longer ment program bound in wasted expense and To explain the module, permit me to use be any shunting aside of the issue. inner-city traffic congestion, using buildings these charts. The government corporation and the which usually require seven years for com- The first chart shows you the isolated modular mail factory system cen together pletion. · islands which sit in workroom floors today. provide the most modern mail service in the This new mail factory system can be built The second shows the same machinery, plus history of the world within the next five and be in full operation within 24 months some new pieces which interface it all and years . . . and a service which also will come after the decision to embark on this pro­ which gives us the capacity to handle 107,000 with reduced cost to each of our citizens gram. pieces of mall per hour per module. while at the same time raising the st.a.ndards It will be aimed at the 300 largest post Each module cost $2,107,000. Our figures of living for our postal people. · offices. indicate an average savings of $1,460,000 a With these moves we have cut through the At this time, we have plans in various pre­ year in operating costs over the life of the paper jungle which was slowly strangling the liminary stages to replace or improve 181 of equipment. This ls based on a 10 hour a da.y, Department. CXV-45-Part 1 706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 THE FUTURE OF U.S. PUBLIC leaders and experts in communication and lems of employee management and or­ DIPLOMACY-I in the social sciences. ganizational administrative costs. The This effort deserves the wholehearted sup­

CHRISTMAS EVE IN ORBIT OF THE MOON It is significant to note that every This event, and the activities related Colonel BORMAN. We are now approach­ State in the Union has counties which to it, symbolize our system of govern­ ing lunar sunrise and for all the people back today would qualify as "rural job devel­ ment by the people. They dramatize for on earth, the crew of Apollo 8 has a message opment areas." Thus every State, every all the world to see the great success that we would like to send to you: region, every segment of the Nation's which we in this country have made of a Major ANDERS. "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the, economy would have the opportunity to Nation's people governing themselves earth was· without form and void, and dark­ benefit from enactment of this legisla­ through free elections. ness was upon the face of the deep. And the tion. But now we are told that a group of spirit of God moved upon the face of the THE NEED IS NOW protestors will stage what they call a waters. And God said: Let there be light. Mr. Speaker, during the past 16 years, "counter-illauguration." They will be And God saw the light; that it was good. some 1.8 million farmsteads have been coming, perhaps as many as 10,000 of And God divided the light from the dark­ disbanded. Millions have migrated to our them, from various places to demonstrate ness." Captain LoVELL. "And God called the light glutted urban areas in search of decent in the streets. day. And the darkness he called night. And housing, better income, job security, and It is not quite clear exactly what it the evening and the morning were the first educational opportunity for their chil­ is about the new administration that day. And God said let there be a firmament dren. To a large extent, their hopes have they are protesting, since they are be­ in the midst of the waters, and let it divide been dashed by substandard housing ginning to protest even before the new the waters from the waters. And God made conditions, skyrocketing living costs, and administration takes office. the firmament, and divided the waters which an urban community that seemed it did But we can be sure that the basic long were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was not care. run interest of the organizers of this so. And God called the firmament heaven. Negro families, faced with rural agri­ effort is destruction of the Government And the evening and the morning were the cultural mechanization and inadequate itself. They use various emotional ap­ second day. And God said let the waters industrial alternatives, moved to the peals to mobilize well-meaning people under the heaven be gathered together into center cities, to unemployment and to their support. But their only real ob­ one place, and let the dry land appear; and welfare. jective is to bring down our free Gov­ it was so." White families moved to the fringes ernment. Colonel BORMAN. !'And God called the dry Toward this goal these people are fol­ land earth; and the gathering together of of the great metropolitan centers to take the waters He called seas; and God saw that jobs clearly below their capacity to per­ lowing the exact same tactics they used it was good." form. Both groups became desperately in Chicago in July and right here in And from the crew of Apollo 8 we close unhappy, and quite understandably so. Washington last April. with good night, good luck, a Merry Christ­ The Rural Job Development Act, if its First they make a request for some mas and God bless all of you-all of you opportunities are grasped by the Ameri­ manner of special privilege which sup­ on the good earth. can business community, will provide an posedly is required for them to exercise alternative to those who would choose to their right to "dissent." remain in rural America--or return to it. If this first request is granted they THE RURAL JOB DEVELOPMENT A PRACTICAL PLAN make another, more far-reaching re­ ACT OF 1969 Mr. Speaker, we have no illusions in quest, but now calling it a demand. If ISSENT television and newspaper photographers dustries which choose to provide on-the­ (Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama asked are close at hand, ready to provide the job training to unskilled local laborers. and was given permission to address the publicity which is a vital ingredient in Tax credits will also be allowed on real House for 1 minute and to revise and ex­ their program. property, along with an accelerated tend his remarks.) Let us make no mistake about this. plant depreciation schedule. Mr~ 'EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. These people represent only a tiny group Rural job development areas will con­ Speaker, on Monday of next week a new of people. They are semiprofessional mal­ tain no city of over 50,000 in population, President of the United States will be contents who march under the banner of with at least 15 percent of the popula­ inaugurated on the · east steps of this righteousness, but who actualcy- have no tion earning less than $3,000 per fa.mlly. . . building. · interest in the rights of anyone. 708 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 For those who are tempted to join in Mr. Speaker, some persons advocate li­ program on the priority problems of these cynical demonstrations at this time censing all guns and registering all gun food and.populatfon. · of a Presidential inauguration we can owners. I am convinced that the enact­ During the 12 months covered by this only say: ment of my proposal would eliminate the report, major breakthroughs in food nro­ Look about you and get a balanced need for considering any additional gun duction occurred in the less developed perspective of the real sources of right control legislation. countries. and wrong in our country and the world. I welcome the support of my col­ -Record harvests were achieved in Ask yourselves about freedom of expres­ leagues and call upon the Judiciary Com­ Pakistan, Turkey and the Philip­ sion and individual freedom to behave mittee to consider this proposal in the pines. In India food grain harvests as you like within the bounds of other immediate future. jumped to· nearly 100 million tons, peoples rights. 10 percent above the previous rec­ Ask yourselves about chances for ord. Americans to change their government CREATE THE VENTANA -Total food output in the developing leadership as they have just done, and WILDERNESS NOW countries rose 7 percent, the largest compare our system with that of any ists in the easterly portion. Several varie­ United States AID mission there was for­ Mr. TA,LCOTT. Mr. Speaker, the ap­ ties of conifers and hardwoods grow in mally closed. palling escalation of crime in America the area. Among them are the California Among the most helpful signs of our must be halted. The tranquility and se­ coast redwood and the Santa Lucia fir or times are the breakthroughs being made curity which was enjoyed in almost every bristlecone fir. by the less developed countries in food community in America a relatively few The proposed wilderness is within 100 production, and the programs they have years ago must be restored. The present miles of the San Francisco Bay region launched in the field of family planning. fear in the hearts of our citizens when having over 8,000,000 people. It is our responsibility-and the re­ they step out into the city streets must Mr. Speaker, this area will be a very sponsibility of other more developed na­ be replaced with confidence. valuable addition to the national wilder­ tions-to give their efforts firm support In my opinion, one reason, among ness preservation system, and I urge the through our foreign assistance program. others, for the development of this sit­ House Committee on the Interior to ap­ To do less would be to court catastrophe uation is that the courts have been too prove this bill in the near future to pre­ in a world growing smaller day by day. lenient in the sentences meted out for serve this unique area for future genera­ LYNDON B. JOHNSON. various crimes. There is little deterrent tions. THE WHITE HOUSE, January 15, 1969. effect if a would-be law violator knows he will spend a very short time incar­ ANNUAL REPORT ON THE FOREIGN cerated if he is apprehended and con­ ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR FIS­ victed. CAL YEAR 1968--MESSAGE FROM LEGISLATION TO PROHIBIT STATE To help remedy this situation, I believe THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED OR POLITICAL SUBDIVISION any person who uses, or even has on his STATES (H. DOC. NO. 91-23) FROM LEVYING INCOME TAXES ON NONRESIDENTS person, a gun or other dangerous or The SPEAKER laid before the House deadly weapon when committing a crime the following message from the President (Mr. HUNT asked and was given per­ carrying a 1-year prison term should be of the United States; which was read mission to address the House for 1 imprisoned for a minimum of 5 years, and, together with the accompanying minute.) but not over 10 years. This second Jail papers, referred to the Committee on Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, a substantial term would be nonsuspendable and non­ Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed number of my constituents, residents of pardonable. Every intending criminal with illustrations: the First Congressional District, New who uses a gun must know that he will Jersey, are faced with a not wholly serve this period in prison if he is appre­ To the Congress of the United States: unique situation with respect to income hended and convicted. The language of I am proud to transmit the Annual taxes. It is not entirely unique in that the bill I am introducing today would Report on the Foreign Assistance Pro­ with the mounting pressures for addi­ impose this extra minimum mandatory gram for Fiscal Year 1968. tional sources of revenue, many of our penalty for commission of both Federal The year's most significant develop­ more 'populace cities are finding a wind­ and State crimes. ment was the sharpened focus of our aid fall in the form of the out-of-State, non- January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 709 voting, nonresident whose only status is [Roll No. 10) operatively, have forged new tools to that of worker, income-earner, bread­ Abbitt Friedel Nix open wider the doors of opportunity for Addabbo Fuqua O'Neill, Mass. a better life for all Americans. winner, or whatever else you may want Alexander Galifianakis Ottinger to call him. Ashbrook Gallagher Passman In my first budget message 5 years ago, Such is the case with New Jersey resi­ Ashley Garmatz Pepper I stated: "A government that is strong, dents who are obliged, by reason of cir­ Ayres Gray Pettis a government that is solvent, a govern­ Barrett Griffi.n Philbin cumstances and proximity, to work in the Battin Grover Pickle ment that is compassionate is the kind city of Philadelphia. The city imposes a Bell, Calif. Gubser Powell of government that endures." I have wage tax on wage earners within its Betts Hagan Price, Tex. sought to provide that kind of govern­ Bi ester Halpern Pryor jurisdiction regardless of residency and Blatnik Heckler, Mas.s. Quillen ment as your President. With this budget, without regard to any equitable stand­ Bolling Holifield Ra ndall I leave that kind of government to my ard whereby city residents now reap vir­ Brademas Hosmer Rees successor. Brasco Howard Reinecke The 1970 budget program calls for: tually the full benefits. It is, in the truest Brown, Calif. Hull Riegle sense, taxation without representation, a Byrne Pa. Jacobs Ronan -Support for our commitments in matter which was fundamental to the Byrnes, Wis Jarman Rooney, N.Y. Southeast Asia, and necessary im­ cause for which the Revolutionary War Cabell Johnson, Pa. Rooney, Pa. provements to maintain and Cahill Jonas Rosenthal was fought. Camp Jones, N.C. Ruppe strengthen our overall military ca­ The State of New Jersey is unique in Cla ncy Karth St Germain pabilities. that it is one of only 12 States which does Clark Kastenmeier St. Onge -Continued emphasis on domestic Clawson, Del Kee Sandman not impose an income tax on its resi­ Clay Kuykendall Satterfield programs which help disadvantaged dents. This should not lead one to the Collier Kyros Saylor groups obtain a fairer share of the conclusion, however, that individuals Conte Laird Scheuer Nation's economic and cultural ad­ Conyers Landgrebe Shipley benefit from a lighter tax burden. Em­ Coughlin Lipscomb Sisk vancements. phatically, this is not the case. Property Delaney Long, La. Smith, Calif. -A budget surplus in the year ahead, taxes are commensurately higher, and in Dent Lowenstein Smith, Iowa as well as in the current fiscal year, Diggs Lujan Snyder fact, have borne the brunt of rapidly Dingell McDade Steed to relieve the inflationary pressures increasing public expenditures within the Donohue McEwen Sullivan in the economy and to reduce the State that ranks 46th in size but eighth Dwyer McFall Teague, Calif. strains that Federal borrowing in population. Eckhardt Macdonald, Teague, Tex. would place on financial markets Edwards, Calif. Mass. Udall Mr. Speaker, there are none among us Eilberg Madden Watkins and interest rates. who, despite considerable reluctance and Erlenborn Mailliard Weicker This Nation can and must bear the cost frustration at times, fails to pay his fair Evans, Colo. Martin Whalley of the defense of freedom, and must at Everett Miller, CSlif. Widnall share of taxes at all levels, but I dare Evins, Tenn. Moorhead Wiggins the same time move ahead in meeting the say there are a few who unequivocally Fallon Morton Wydler pressing needs we face at home. But cau­ resent taxation in entities where they Flowers Mosher Yates tion and prudence require that we budg­ neither claim nor seek residency. In my Ford, Gerald R. Murphy, N.Y. Yatron et our resources in a way which en­ estimation, it is simply an injustice and The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 299 ables us to preserve our prosperity, one which it appears will only be resolved Members have answered to their names, strengthen the U.S. dollar, and stem by act of Congress. a quorum. the increased price pressures we have I have, therefore, reintroduced a bill, By unanimous consent, further pro­ experienced in the past few years. H.R. 849, which would prohibit any State ceedings under the call were dispensed We can meet these objectives and or political subdivision thereof from levy­ with. achieve desirable budget surpluses by: ing income taxes on nonresidents of that Note: The following Member has not -Holding down total Federal spend­ State. This legislation may need refine­ yet taken the oath of office: HANNA. ing and lending through strict con­ ment, in the wisdom of the committee, trol of the program commitments. but I believe the subject matter in ques­ -Extending for one year the 10 % tax tion was touched upon during the con­ THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE surcharge on individual and corpo­ sideration of the Interstate Taxation Act PRESIDENT, 1970-MESSAGE FROM ration income taxes enacted last of 1968. I am hopeful, and earnestly urge, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED June beyond the present expiration that this legislation be taken up at any STATES (H. DOC. NO. 91-15) date of June 30, 1969. early date and I solicit your diligent con­ Americans are united in the hope that sideration of the intent and purposes of The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the Vietnam peace talks now taking my bill. the message from the President of the place in Paris will be soon and success­ United States. fully concluded, so that reconstruction The following message from the Pres­ can begin. Meanwhile, the fighting con­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ident of the United States was read and, tinues. Under these circumstances, the together with the accompanying papers, The SPEAKER. The Chair lays before 1970 budget necessarily provides funds referred to the Committee on Appropria­ to support our military operations in the House a message from the President tions and ordered to be printed with il­ of the United States. Vietnam for the year ahead. At the same lustrations: time, we are taking steps to assure an To the Congress of the United States: orderly reduction in Southeast Asia sup­ The 1970 budget, which I a:m. transmit­ port as soon as conditions permit. CALL OF THE HOUSE With the attainment of a just and Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker-- ting to you today, points the way toward honorable peace, consideration can be The SPEAKER. For what purpose does maintaining a strong, healthy economy given to removal' of the tax surcharge as the gentleman from Missouri rise? and continuing progress in meeting the military spending declines. At that time, Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, in the belief Nation's highest priority military and such action could ease the post-Vietnam that this is the President's annual budget domestic needs. transition, smooth the conversion to message, I think Members would want to The record of achievements of the greater peacetime production, and help know that it is being read. past 5 years is an impressive one. We assure continued economic growth and Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I make the have witnessed a period of unprecedented full employment. point of order that a quorum is not pres­ economic growth, with expanded pro­ Our domestic programs are increas­ ent. duction, rising standards of living, and ingly focused on urgent national prob­ The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum is the lowest rates of unemployment in a lems-inadequate educational oppor­ not present. decade and a half. Our military forces tunities, slum housing, increased crime, Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a today are the strongest in the world, urban congestion and decay, pollution of call of the House. capable of protecting the Nation against our air and water, lack of proper health A call of the House was ordered. any foreseeable challenge or threat. Last care, and hunger and malnutrition. The The Clerk called the roll, and the month saw man's first successful flight 1970 budget continues to place the following Members failed to answer to to the moon. In domestic matters, the greatest emphasis on progress in over­ their names: legislative and executive branches, co- coming these ills. ~ 710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 A substantial part of every budget transactions of the social security and -A decrease of over 17 million in the reflects the continuing momentum of other Government trust funds, and dis­ number of people living in poverty. program decisdons made in past years, tinguish between expenditures and fully In contrast, recent price developments by pa.st Presidents and past Congresses. repayable loans. have not been satisfactory, even though While adhering to a restrictive expendi­ Assuming the adoption of the recom­ our record compares favorably with other ture policy, I am making reasonable mendations in this budget, the surplus major nations of the world. We have also provision in the 1970 budget for the re­ for fiscal year 1970 would follow a sur­ had a sharp increase in interest rates, quirements of ongoing programs, pro­ plus of $2.4 billion in 1969. This outlook and our balance of payments position pasing reductions wherever possible and represents a sharp reversal from the needs strengthening, although substan­ recommending some selective improve­ $25.2 billion deficit incurred in fiscal tial progress has been made toward ments and expansions, including social year 1968. equilibrium. security benefit increases. The totals in the expenditure account To help correct these conditions, I re­ BUDGET SUMMARY alone are estimated to produce a sur­ quested and-after considerable delay­ The 1970 budget proposes total out­ plus of $4.3 billion in fiscal year 1970. the Congress enacted the 10% tax sur­ lays of $195.3 billion, made up of $194.4 This expenditure surplus offers a better charge. This measure has helped to calm billion in expenditures and $0.9 billion measure of the direct effect of the Fed­ fears abroad about our willingness and for net lending. eral budget on the Nation's income and determination to take the steps needed Budget receipts are estimated at $198.7 output, and highlights the fiscal policy to protect the American dollar. The de­ billion in 1970, including the effects of which underpins my budget recom­ lay in enacting the surcharge was costly, extending present income and excise tax mendations. however. During the prolonged period of rates. To finance the proposals in this debate, price and cost increases gathered Accordingly, the budget surplus will budget, I am recommending appropria­ momentum. The fiscal restraint proposed be $3.4 billion. tions and other new budget authority of in the 1969 and 1970 budget is essential The budget totals are, as in last year's $210.1 billion for 1970. Of this amount, if we are to look toward a satisfactory budget, based on the new budget con­ $143.9 billion depends on action during price performance and a return to a sus­ cept adopted upon the unanimous rec­ the current session of the Congress. The tainable rate of economic growth. ommendation of the bipartisan Commis­ remaining authority will become avail­ Many factors underlie the economic sion on Budget Concepts which I ap­ able under existing law without current imbalances we are experiencing. A return pointed in 1967. They include the congressional action. to reasonable price stability will require continued fiscal restraint with appropri­ SUMMARY OF THE BUDGET AND FINANCIAL PLAN ate adjustments in monetary policy and (Fiscal years. In billions) restraint in price and wage decisions by American business and labor. With a re­ Description 1968 actua I 1969 estimate 1970 estimate duction in inflationary pressures, our bal­ ance of payments should improve as we Budget authority (largely appropriations): strengthen our competitive position in Previously enacted______$134. 4 $127. 8 ------world trade. Relative price stability Proposed for current action by Congress______4. 8 $143. 9 should also relieve some of the pressures Becoming available without current action by Congress______67. 8 75. 3 80. 2 Deductions for offsetting receipts______-11. 6 -13. 3 -13. 9 on the money markets and foster a re- Total budget authoritY------19-0-.6----19-4-. 6----2 .10.1 duction in interest rates. A year ago the very heavy borrowing requirements Receipts, expenditures, and net lending: of the Federal Government were exert- Expenditure account: Receipts______153. 7 186. 1 198. 7 ing extreme pressure on interest rates. Expenditures (excludes net lending)------···------·--·------172. 8 182. 3 194. 4 This is no longer the case. Expenditure account surplus or deficit(-)------··------19. 2 3. 8 4. 3 Although we are optimistic, we cannot predict with any certainty when the 0 LoanL~~~ ~?;6ursements ______20. 4 lZ. 5 8.1 peace talks in Paris will reach a success- Loan repayments·--·------14. 4 11.1 7. 2 ful conclusion. Nor can we predict pre- ----5-0----1-4------9 cisely the timing or magnitude of move- Net lending______· · • ments in our highly complex economy. Total budget: . _ . I 153 7 186 1 198 7 Accordingly, believe the wisest plan of S~~f~~~(e£pe-ncfituiesan_d_ miflenciTiig)::::::::::=::::::::::::::::::: 178. 9 183. 1 195. 3 action at this time calls for extension of the tax surcharge. Should the situation Budget surplus or deficit<->------····------25. 2 2· 4 3· 4 change significantly in the coming Budgetfinancin~: . . months, fiscal policy adjustments could Neht borrowmgffrfiom th_e public or repayment of borrowing<->------· 2I l -3J -4: ~ be undertaken appropriate to the condi- Qt er means o inancmg______tions then forecast. Total budget financing______25. 2 -2. 4 -3. 4 When I signed the act providing for 1967 the tax surcharge, I pointed to the need Outstanding debt, end of year: actual for procedures in the future to assure 0 g~ bs::e~~~:~~=~~riliC~======~i}: ~ ~~5: ~ m: ~ m: ~ andcloser legislative cooperation branches between in the accomplish- executive ing the timely adjustment of fiscal pol­ FISCAL PROGRAM FOR 1970 prosperity which has continued for 8 icy. I believe the current uncertain out­ The revenues and budget program I years. Between 1960 and 1968, we have look presents an excellent opportunity recommend for fiscal year 1970 are de­ achieved: for attempting corrective action in this scribed in detail in Parts 2 and 3 of this -An increase of 45% in the Nation's area. budget document. The major features of output of goods and services; -I urge the Congress to give serious the overall fiscal program follow. -A rise of $24 billion in annual cor­ consideration to coupling extension Economic setting.-The fiscal policy I poration profits, after taxes; of the temporary surcharge beyond am recommending is designed to: -An increase of 31 % in real per capita June 30, 1969, with authority for the -Foster continued growth in employ­ spendable personal income (after ad­ President to remove it entirely or ment and real income; justment for prices) ; partially if warranted by develop­ -Contain inflationary pressures; -The creation of more than 10 million ments. Such Presidential discretion new jobs; would be subject to congressional -Ease the upward pressure on inter- -An average annual increase of 3.5% veto within a limited time period. est rates; and_ in output per man-hour; -For the longer run, consideration -Continue the improvement in our -A reduction in the rate of unem­ should be given to establishing as balance of payments position. ployment to 3.3% of the labor force, a permanent part of our tax system Early in 1961, the American economy the lowest level since October 1953; an element of flexibility under which entered into a record-breaking period of and the President, again subject to con- January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 711 gressional veto, would have discre­ current automobile and telephone excise in the 12-month period ending June 30, tion to raise or lower personal . and tax rates. 1969. corporation income tax rates within Budget receipts in fiscal year 1969 are To implement this new restriction, the specified limits-such as 5 % in estimated at $186.1 billion. Although de­ executive departments and agencies have either direction. clining, the continued high cost of sup­ had to add to their financial oontrol ma­ The Congress should take this action porting our operations in Southeast Asia chinery. In prior years, executive control or develop a comparable alternative pro­ will amount to more than double the of the budget was exercised at the stage cedure to prevent in the future the kind revenue yields anticipated from extend­ of placing contracts, hiring personnel, of costly fiscal stalemate we experienced ing the surcharge and excise tax rates making loan and grant commitments, or in the last year and a half. into fiscal year 1970. If the surcharge incurring some other obligation. These Revenues'.-In addition to extending were allowed to expire on June 30, 1969, obligations lead, of course, to Federal dis­ the temporary income tax surcharge, I and the excise taxes to decline on Janu­ bursements, sometimes in the same fiscal believe we should also extend the present ary 1, 1970, the growth in revenues, year and sometimes in a later fiscal year. excise tax rates of 7% on automobiles and mainly resulting from an expanding Now, in fiscal year 1969, each executive 10% on telephone service, rather than economy and rising incomes, would ap­ establishment must also exercise direct allow these rates to drop to 5% on Janu­ proximately offset the revenue loss from control over the amount of disburse­ ary l, 1970, as currently scheduled by the scheduled decline in tax rates. Re­ ments it makes within the year. the Revenue and Expenditure Control ceipts in fiscal year 1970 under existing An inflexible spending ceiling unre­ Act of 1968. The $198.7 billion total esti­ law would be close to the estimated reve­ lated to the appropriations process forces mated revenues for fiscal year 1970 in­ nues in fiscal year 1969, and would be inefficient or uneconomical practices in cludes $9.5 billion to. be collected from inadequate to cover the unavoidable, carrying out legislatively approved pro­ extending the income tax surcharge and built-in increases in outlays. grams. In some cases, national priorities are arbitrarily distorted by the fact that BUDGET RECEIPTS the outlays for some Federal programs !Fiscal years. In billions] are sheltered in basic law from meaning­ ful annual control, and, consequently, Source 1968 actual 1969 estimate 1970 estimate compensating reductions have to be made elsewhere. Individual income taxes _------__ ------______$68. 7 $84. 4 $90. 4 In periods of inflationary pressure, Corporation income taxes ______------______28. 7 38. l 37. 9 such as we are now experiencing, the Social insurance taxes and contributions ______------______34. 6 40. 5 45. 9 Excise taxes _------______------__ .____ ------______14. l 14. 8 15. 7 need for holding down Federal outlays All other receipts ______------7. 6 - 8. ----3 -8. 8 is beyond dispute. Also, it would be un­ 186. l 198. 7 wise to try to correct within fiscal year Unde.r !~i;~li~~~ag~~ ~~~~~-t~ ======~ 185. 6 186. 8 1970 the distortions from the obligation Under proposed legislation: m: Income and excise tax rate extensions______• 5 reductions of 1968 and the outlay con­ Increase in social security wage base and tax rate ------U trols of 1969. Therefore, in this budget, Accelerated unemployment tax payments ______------__------___ _ .3 the estimates of expenditures and net User charges ______------______------______------______4 · lending in fiscal year 1970 must reflect ------the continuati·on of an executive policy of The rise of $12.6 billion in revenues be­ In the past few years I have recom­ outlay management. tween 1969 and 1970 includes an esti­ mended legislation for user charges in With such a policy, total budget out­ mated $5.4 billion increase under social the field of transpartation, so that those lays in 1970 are estimated to be up $11.6 insurance programs, such as social secu­ who benefit directly will pay a fairer billion from 1969. This includes $0.5 bil­ rity and unemployment insurance. share of the costs involved. I am again lion for national defense, largely for im­ Most of this rise, $5.0 billion, is in so­ recommending such user charges, and provements in our strategic forces, mod­ cial security receipts, including: the 1970 estimate of revenues includes ernization of our tactical air forces, and -The full-year effect of the increase $0.4 l.>illion based on my proposals. other increased research and develop­ from 8.8% to 9.6% in the oombined Outlays.-The estimate of $195.3 bil­ ment efforts needed to assure sufficient employer-employee payroll tax rate, lion in total budget outlays in fiscal year deterrent power in the future. These in­ which occurred on January 1, 1969, 1970 represents our minimum require­ creases will be substantially offset by re­ and ments to fill urgent needs at home and duced outlays for Vietnam resulting from -A proposed increase in the taxable abroad. It is based on a detailed review changing combat patterns and revised wage base from $7,800 to $9,000 and of all Federal programs, with the objec­ in the combined employer-employee tive of holding outlays down as much as supply requirements. tax rate from 9.6% to 10.4% , effec­ possible, consistent with essential na­ Apart from national defense, three­ tive January 1, 1970, in order to fi­ tional economic and program objectives. quarters of the increase between 1969 nance proposed benefit increases. For fiscal year 1968, a reduction in and 1970 reflects relatively uncontrolla­ The increase in the tax rate is cur­ agency obligations was enacted. For fis­ ble charges which must be met under rently scheduled by law to take ef­ cal year 1969, the Congress enacted an present laws. The overall increase must, fect on January 1, 1971. arbitrary ceiling on total outlays in the further, be judged in the light of the Another $0.3 l.>illion of the increase Revenue and Expenditure Control Act rising workloads and costs to which the from 1969 to 1970 reflects proposed leg­ of 1968. Each of these devices conflicts Government-just as businesses, con­ islation to shift the timing of collections with the normal appropriations process sumers, and other sectors of the econ­ of the Federal unemployment tax from a and with current techniques of program omy-must accommodate. lump-sum annual basis to a current quar­ planning and execution. Effective Gov­ The $8.6 billion increase in relatively terly basis. This change will provide more ernment operations require that we .uncontrollable outlays consists of: adequately for the administrative costs reach an agreement on which of these -$2.9 billion for benefit payments and of the Federal-State employment secur­ conflicting budgetary approaches will be other outlays for social securitY., ity system. used in the future. Medicare, and other social insurance Many Government programs offer In limiting total outlays, the Congress programs financed through trust services which yield direct and identifi­ departed from its traditional procedure funds; this increase represents the able benefits to specific groups. Some of of using individual appropriation ac­ automatic growth in benefits for these programs should be financed by tions as the primary means of exercising these programs under existing law. charging users for the services rather its control over the Federal budget. In -$2.8 billion for the final stage of the than having them financed by the gen­ contrast with normal practice, the Con­ pay increases for military and ci­ eral taxpayer. I believe this is sound gress placed direct restrictions on the vilian employees enacted in 1967, to public policy and should be extended to amount of checks that could be issued or achieve pay comparability with the new areas. cash disbursements that could be made private sector. 712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 -$1.6 billion for other charges which prior year contracts and other com­ -$800 million for interest on the pub­ are relatively fixed in the short run mitments now reaching the payment lic debt. under requirements of existing law stage. This includes substantial -$522 million for airway moderniza­ (for example, interest on the debt, amounts for highways, construction tion, highways, and other activities public assistance and Medicaid, and of education facilities, and hearth in the Department of Transporta­ veterans benefits). and community development pro­ tion. -$1.3 billion for outlays arising out of grams. -$429 millfon for job training and other manpower activities of the BUDGET OUTLAYS Department of Labor and the Office [Fiscal years, in billions) of Economic Opportunity. -$422 million for the Veterans Admin­ 1968 1969 1970 Change istration, mainly for increases in Controllability actual estimate estimate 1969-70 compensation, pensions, and medical care. National defense ______-----______$80. 5 $81. 0 $81.5 +$0.5 -$286 million for the Department of Justice, primarily to increase assist­ Relatively uncontrollable civilian outlays under present law: Open-ended programs and fixed costs: ance to States and localities for law Social security, medicare, and other social insurance trust funds'___ 35. 5 39. Ii 42.4 +2.9 enforcement activities. Interest______13. 7 15. 2 16. 0 +.8 Major decreas,es from 1969 to 1970 are: Civilian and military pay increase _____ ------______------______2. 8 +2.8 Veterans pensions, compensation, and insurance______5. 0 5. 6 5. 9 +.z -$635 million for the Department of Public assistance grants (including medicaid)______5. 3 6. 3 7.4 +Ll Agriculture, largely reflecting lower Farm price supports (Commodity Credit Corporation)______3. 2 3. 6 3. 1 -.5 Postal operations directly related to mail volume______• 7 • 5 .5 +.l costs for the Commodity Credit Cor­ Legislative and judiciary______. 3 . 4 .4 1+ poration associated with smaller Other______1. 3 1. 6 1. 5 -.1 Outlay~ from prior year contracts and obligations ___ ------17. 3 17. 6 18. 9 crops of wheat and soybeans, and in­ +1.3 creased use of feed grains. Subtotal, relatively uncontrollable civilian outlays ______·_~------82.4 90. 2 98. 8 +8.6 -$286 million for the Post Office, re­ Relatively controllable civilian outlays:- flecting proposed legislation to con­ Proposed social security benefit increases ______------______------______1. 6 +1.6 Other ______------______------20. 5 17. 6 solidate first-class and domestic air 19. 0 +1.5 mail into a single category with a Undistributed. intragovernmental transactions------~ ------4. 6 -5.1 -5.7 -.6 ======rate 1 cent higher than the present Total, budget outlays______118. 9 183. 7 195. 3 +11.6 first-class rate, and to adjust the rate for single-piece third-class mail. !Less than $50,000,000. -$236 million for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, as In keeping with national priorities, representing the increase in social in­ increases for various ·programs are major social programs account for the surance trust fund receipts, $3.6 billion more than offset by reductions in di­ largest portion of the $11.6 billion in­ for the Department of Defense and the rect loans for college housing and crease in outlays between 1969 and 1970. military assistance program, and $2.8 housing for moderate-income fami­ Of the $7.9 billion increase for these pro­ billion for the military and civilian pay lies, which are being replaced by grams, $4.5 billion is for social insurance increase to be put into effect in July programs relying on private financ­ payments including my proposals for an 1969. ing. increase in social security benefits. The remaining increase of $3.o billion -$235 million for the National Aero­ Aside from the increases for national in budget authority- for 1970 is the net nautics and Space Administration, defense and such relatively uncontrol­ result of a number of increases and de­ which will provide for a program lable outlays as Federal pay and inter­ creases. level equal to 1969 when combined est, outlays for all other civilian pro­ The major increases are: with prior year funds. grams are estimated to increase by only -$2.0 billion, primarily for Medicaid -$133 million for the Atomic Energy $0.2 billion. and other public assistance, health, Commissio~ reflecting reductions in Budget authority .-For fiscal year and rehabilitation programs in the procurement of raw uranium con­ 1970, a total of $210.1 billion of budget Department of Health, Education, centrates and in construction of fa­ authority is recommended, including: and Welfare. cilities. -New obligational authority of $209.6 -$966 million for foreign economic An allowance for contingencies of $500 billion for programs in the expendi­ assistance, to enable us to provide million is included in the total of budget ture account of the budget, and urgently needed resources to devel­ authority for 1970 to cover unforeseen -Loan authority of $0.5 billion for oping areas on a selective basis, fol­ developments and the costs of proposals loan account programs. lowing the large reductions of the for which specific estimates cannot be Budget authority-mostly in the form past two years. made at this time. of appropriations-must be provided by the Congress before Federal agencies can spend or lend funds. Some authority re­ BUDGET AUTHORITY quires congressional action each year or at fairly regular intervals. Other [Fiscal years. In billions) amounts of authority become available 1968 1969 1970 under basic law, and require no specific Description actual estimate estimate additional action by the Congress. Of the total budget authority I am Available through current action by the Congress: recommending for 1970, $143.9 billion Previously enacted------$134. 4 $127. 8 ------·­ Proposed in this budgeL------$139. 3 wvuld have to be acted on during this To be requested separately: session of the Congress. The estimated For supplemental requirements under present law ______Upon enactment of proposed legislation ______4. 5 ------1970 .2 1. 3 outlays related to such action total Allowances: $93.8 bi11ion. 2.8 The remaining authority, which does g~v~i\~~ean~1e~~~1:-~~~-i~:~~~~~::-=:::-=:::::-=::::::::::::::::::::-:::::-=::::==::::::-::------.2 .s not require further congressional action, Subtotal, available through current action by the Congress.. ______134._4 132. 6 143. 9 consists mainly of amounts for social ======insurance trnst fund programs, under Available without current action by the Congress (permanent authorizations): which the special recceipts financing the T~fesr~~~~~t~~x~~bWc 1 ~:k:== ~======::::-:::=::::::-:=====-..: tU ~: g ~~: ~ programs are automatically appropri­ Other------5. 4 5-L8 4. 3 Deductions for offi;etting receipts: ated, and for interest on the public debt. lnterfund and intragovernmental transactions______-6. 9 -8. 7 :1: ~ The $15.5 billion increase in total Proprietary receipts from the public______-4. 7 -4. 6 budget authority estimated between 1969 Tot aI budget authority------190. 6 194. 6 210.1 and 1970 consists mainly of $5.4 billion January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 713

The total budget authority shown in uary, (3) social security trust fundS", in interest rates, and (5) public assistance this budget for 1969 includes $4. 7 billion which the receipts-which constitute grants, based on reports received from of supplemental appropriations recom­ budget authority-are greater than origi­ participating State governments. mended for action in the current session nally estimated,, (4) interest costs, re­ The current status of bud.get authority of the Congress. O:E this amount, $.1.6 bil­ fiecting: both a larger debt and higher for fiscal year 1969 is as fallows: lion is needed to provide for the pay in­ crease which became effective on July 1, BUDGET AUTHORIT'i FOR FISCAL YEAR 196!1- RELATIO NSHIP TO PUBLIC LAW 90- 364 1968. A supplemental appropriation of [In billions] $1.6 billion is· also recommended for the Department of Defense, for special January 1968 Current Southeast Asia support. Description estimate estimate Change In addition, the 1009 total makes pro­ vision for supplemental appropriations Programs excepted from Public Law 90- 364 limitation: Specia ~ supporto.f Vietnam operations ___.______------$25. 4 $28. 0 +$2. 6 required for public assistance and vet­ Interest______14. 4 15. 2 +. 8 erans compensation and pensions, which Veterans benefits and services------·------7. 8 7. 5 - . 3 are now estimated at higher levels tha:n Social Security Act trastfunds ______------41. 8 42. 6 + . 9 provided for last year, and for the ur­ gently needed replenishment of the re­ Healthg:~~mt:~~s~~~~~~ insurance______~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~======______=_======______------25. 2 2. 4 3. 4 with the effect of lowering the required reduction to about 115,000. 1 Excludes notes issued to the International Monetary Fund. The controls in the law also affect 2 Excludes $10,800,000,000 of net credits for conversion of certain mixed-ownership credit institutions to private ownership. temporary and part-time employment, requiring that such employment each The statutory debt limit now stands at cent decades, the Government has re­ month in any agency not exceed the $358 billion, with a temporary seasonal sponded to urgent national social prob­ level of the corresponding month in 1967. increase to $365 billion permitted within lems by launching programs to reduce The administration has successfully each fiscal year. These limits apply unemployment of our workers, protect enforced these provisions to date. How­ mainly to the direct Treasury debt and the incomes and health of our older cit­ ever, it is clear that continued arbitrary do not cover most of the publicly issued izens, revitalize urban areas, attack the reductions in employment over a period agency debt. As a result of the unusually sources of poverty, improve educational of time will hamstring effective manage­ large increase in special Treasury issues opportunities for our children and youth, ment of programs and personnel prac­ to Government trust funds for invest­ and ensure equal treatment and justice tices, will reduce efficiency and increase ment of their surplus receipts in the lat­ for all Americans. costs, and will lead to further curtail­ ter half of the fiscal year, the direct Outlays for national defense are the ment or to interruption of Government Treasury debt will be relatively high, heaviest single expense of the Federal services. This situation is aggravated by even though a budget surplus is in pros­ Government, representing more than the need to provide staff for new pro­ pect and borrowing from the public will two-fifths of the total budget. Defense grams adopted after June 1966 and for decline. It may be necessary, therefore, outlays in 1970 will be $28.0 billion higher enlarged workloads which occur as the within the next few months, to revise the than in 1964, largely reflecting the costs population grows and the economy present debt limit. Even if this does not of supporting our efforts in Vietnam. expands. prove necessary at that time, the need Within the remainder of the budget, During the past 5 years, I have, as a for such action will, in all probability, there have been significant shifts in em­ regular practice, imposed employment arise next fall, when budget receipts will phasis in these 6 years. limitations on the agencies to provide in­ be seasonally low. As we have increased our efforts to centives for improving productivity and THE SETTING OF PRIORITIES widen the opportunities for the disad­ to keep the Federal payroll to a mini­ The overall size of the Federal budget vantaged, and improve the quality of mum. Limitations for each department reflects the needs and demands for pub­ life for all Americans, outlays for major and agency were related to the program lic services as a whole. The composition social programs have risen by $37.4 bil­ and budgetary levels recommended by of the budget reveals much about the lion, more than doubling since 1964. This me and approved by the Congress, rather Nation's priorities. is twice the rate of increase of outlays than to some arbitrary formula or unre­ As the population grows and the econ­ for any other category of Government lated benchmark period. omy expands, outlays for such public programs. The Congress should rely on its ap­ services as improvements in our national Nearly two-fifths of the increase in propriations process-or develop an ac­ parks and other Federal recreation areas, these social programs is for social secu­ ceptable accompanying process-to re­ air safety, law enforcement, and the col­ rity and other social insurance trust late employment levels specifically to the lection of taxes and customs duties in­ fund benefits to ease the burdens of in­ work it wants done by each agency and evitably increase. come loss because of retirement or un­ for which it provides the necessary In other areas-such as space explora­ employment. But among the most rap­ funds. The 1970 estimates in this budget tion, veterans' benefits, farm price sup­ idly growing Federal programs have been are based on such action. ports, housing aids, and conservation of those which represent investment in FEDERAL DEBT our natural resources-the Federal Gov­ human resources-through education, On the basis of the estimates of re­ ernment has undertaken long-range manpower training, improved health ceipts and outlays in this budget, the commitments and programs. And, in re- care, and aid to the needy. January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 715 Cl:IANGING STRUCTURE OF FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLAYS' Housing.-Last year I recommended, [Fiscal years. In billions] a:nd the Congress enacted, the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 to 1964- 1968 1969 1970 Change, fulfill a goal set by this Nation almost Program actual actual estimate- estimate 1964-70 two decades ago--"a decent home and a suitable living environment for every National defense ______$53. 6 $80. 51 $81. 0 $81. 5 +$28.0 American family." (Spe'Cial Southeast Asia support>------==--=-=--=--=-=--=-=-==(2=6=.5=)======(28. 8) (25. 4) (+25. 4) In the years since passage of the Hous­ Major social programs: ing Act of 1949, the Nation has made Social insurance trust funds (excluding medicare) ______22. 7 30. 2 33.3 37.2 +14.4 Welfare payments and services ______3. 4 4.6 5. 3 6.1 +2.6 progress in meeting housing needs. How­ Education and manpower training ______1.6 6.4 6.5 7.2 +5.6 ever, the goal of decent housing is still Health (including medicare)_ ------1. 8 9. 7 11. 4 13. 0 +11.2 Low- and moderate-income housing ______(!) • 9 .9 1.1 +1.1 unfulfilled for many Americans. Community and regional development______.8 1. 8 2.4 3. 3 +2.4 The 1968 Act will involve the Federal -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Government in a new and closer partner­ 59. 8 67.8 +37.4 15. 2 16. 0 +6.1 ship with private industry and labor to 7. 7 7. 7 +2.0 provide 26 million new or rehabilitated 25. 0 24. 9 +2.8 .1 3.2 +3.2 homes and apartments over the next 10 -5.1 -5.7 -2.8 years. A significant part of this new pro­ gram will be Federal assistance for 6 mil­ Total __ ------118. 6 178. 9 183. 7 195. 3 +76.7 lion dwelling units to assure adequate housing for families with meager re­ 1 Less than $50,000,000. sources. The initial goal is to build or re­ Moi:e. than one-tenth of total budget with less urgency, and reducing outlays pair 700,000 homes and apartments for outlays are for unavoidable interest costs wherever possible and appropriate to low and moderate income urban and and for benefits and services to veterans. current priorities. rural families in the first 2 years. Both These show a. combined increase of $8.2 During the six-year period, 1964 to the Department of Housing and Urban billion between 1964 and 1970, represent­ 1970, annual budget outlays will have in­ Development and the Department of ir 'J a growth of 53. % . creased by $76.7 billion, from a total of Agriculture are involved in this major Outlays for all the other programs of $118.6 billion in fiscal year 1964 to an undertaking. the Federal G-0vernment are estimated estimated $195.3 billion for 1970. The Housing Act of 1968 is the most at $24.9 billion in 1970, compared with Nevertheless, Federal outlays as a pro­ significant and comprehensive action in $22.1 billion in 1964. The rise of only one­ portion of gross national product--that the Nation's history to bring decent, safe, eighth for these programs in 6 years re­ and sanitary housing to all Americans. is, as a share of our total economy-have Its provisions include: flects the general policy throughout the remained at about one-fifth for the past -A new home ownership assistance budget of providing increases strictly on 15 years. Excluding special Vietnam costs program to enable lower income a selective basis, giving highest priority and the self-financed social insurance families to own homes-a goal which to programs which strike at the most trust funds, outlays have been declining has previously been beyond the re­ urgent problems, holding down those as a share of the Nation's output. sources of these families. -A new rental housing assistance pro­ BUDGET OUILAYS AS A PERCENTAGE OF GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT gram, in order to make it possible for (Fis:cal years) lower income f amities and elderly persons to obtain decent shelter for Average, 25 % of their income. 1955--60 1965. 1968 1969 1970 actual actual actual estimate estimate -Establishment of an insured loan program in the Farmers Home Ad­ ministration to provide assistance (1) 3.3 3.3 2. 7 for lower income housing in rural 3. 5 4.3 4.4 4.6 areas, at interest rates as low as 1 % . 14. 5 14. 2 12. 9. 13~2 -The creation of New Communities to complement our efforts to revitalize .'Less than 0.05 percent the inner city. BUDGET PERSPECTIVES -Improved services in public housing In the budgets. covering the years of developments so that tenants can my administration, including the budget The expansion of the Federal Govern­ take better advantage of Job and I am transmitting today, the Federal ment's: social programs in recent years is education opportunities, and become Government will have~ highlighted by looking separately at se­ more involved in solving the prob­ -Provided $969 billion for programs to lected areas in which the Government is lems of the developments in which improve the lives of our citizens and making important contributions to im­ they live. to protect the Nation's security. proving the quality of American life. -Expanded use of rent supplements· to About two-thirds of the total in­ Many of the Government's efforts to de­ enable families eligible for public crease in outlays are in domestic velop the Nation's human resources and housing to rent new or rehabilitated activities. aid the deprived contribute to more than private housing, for which they will -Received $936 billion in revenues to one important social objective. outlays pay a minimum of 25 % of the finance Federal defense and civilian devoted to attacking the sources and family's income. programs; , symptoms of poverty, for example, take -Encouragement for the establish­ The total deficit in the fiscal years the form of improved educational oppor­ ment of national housing partner­ 1965 through 1970 is estimated at $33 'h munities, health services, manpower ships, in which major corporations b111ion. That deficit, however,. is more training, income security, or a combina­ can work with local builders to help than offset by over $35 billion in lower tion of all of these~ increase housing production. taxes returned to individuals, families, The figurea us.ed in the following sec­ Private financing is essential if the and corporations during this period as a tions are designed to show the full range goals of the Housing and Urban Develop­ result of the reduced tax rates put into of Federal activities in the fields cov­ ment Act of 1968 are to be achieved. In effect shortly after I became. President. ered They are therefore more inclusive addition to the private financing, the This reduction takes into account in­ than the functional data used in add­ 1970 budget contains., $1.1 billion in out­ creases in social security taxes to provide ing to the budget. total, and contain some lays by the Department of Housing and higher benefits, and extension of the< in­ duplicatfun~ However,. they do off.er a Urban Development for assistance for come ·tax surcharge and present; auto­ broad :perspective ot the trends and ac­ low and moderate. income housing~ mobile and telepho:ne excise' tax· rates complishments m the total Federal · ef­ We must bring an end .to discrimina­ through 19'70M fort to resolve wrgent: national :probiems. tum agamst prospective homebuyers or 716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--:-'" HOUSE January 15, 1969 renters based on race, color, religion, or for 1971 to provide special supplementary tional resources to be devoted to law en­ national origin. Since · January 1, 1969, grants to the cities participating in the forcement. The Commission recom­ Civil Rights Act have been applicable to program. mended as a primary thrust, a major 20 million dwelling units. An estimated Other existing programs are being Federal effort to improve the admin­ 55 million additional units will be cov­ molded into more effective patterns for istration of justice by assisting and ered in 1970. The budget provides for the urban use. The urban renewal program, strengthening law enforcement in our Department of Housing and Urban De­ for example, is giving priority to city ac­ States and communities. velopment to carry out its responsibilities tions which increase the supply of low­ The Crime Control and Safe Streets for education, investigation, and con­ income housing or jobs for the unem­ Act, proposed in 1967 and enacted last ciliation under the act, and for the De­ ployed. A new approach, enacted last year, grew out of this recommendation. partment of Justice to start investigat­ year, will allow cities to schedule re­ This landmark law represents the first ing pat terns of discrimination in housing newal as they do other capital expendi­ Federal program for direct major assist­ and to take cases to court where con­ tures, speed renewal activity, and ob­ ance to States and cities to combat law­ ciliation efforts fail. tain annual Federal grants for a city­ lessness, bolster law enforcement, and The massive housing needs of our wide program, rather than grants for improve court and correctional systems. growing Nation can only be met through single projects. The Congress has already Its provisions offer a full range of anti­ a major commitment by governments at provided $750 million for urban renewal crime activity through grants to States all levels working with private industry for 1970. To assure continued progress, I and localities, academic assistance to im­ and labor to provide suitable housing for recommend an additional $250 million prove the quality of law enforcement all Americans-and to eliminate the rat­ for 1970 and another $1,250 million for manpower, and a research and develop­ infested city slum and the dilapidated 1971. ment effort to bring the knowledge of shacks which dot the countryside. We Although sufficient funds must be the physical and social sciences more have now made such a commitment. available to permit concentrated devel­ sharply to bear on the problem of crime. Aids to urban areas.-America is an opment, we know that money alone is Also based on this administration's urban nation. Almost two-thirds of our not enough. To be effective, the funds recommendation, the Congress last year people live in metropolitan areas-con­ provided must aid local plans developed enacted the Juvenile Delinquency Pre­ sisting of clusters of people and prob­ with the involvement of the entire com­ vention and Control Act. This program lems. More than 80% of the Nation's munity. Both the Community Action and authorizes grants to assist States and lo­ population growth between 1960 and the Model Cities programs help commu­ cal agencies in dealing with youths indi­ 1966 occurred in such m~jor urban nities carry out their own plans, and re­ vidually in their own communities, and centers. quire that the plans be developed with in providing special community treat­ The national interest in the cities could the participation of the citizens con­ ment facilities. Through the use of these be explained solely in terms of these pop­ cerned, an essential ingredient in re­ facilities, much of the stigma associated ulation statistics. But this explanation vitalizing blighted areas of our cities. with jail and prison environment will be is not sufficient. Over a period of years, During 1970, 150 cities will be on their avoided and a barrier to rehabilitation the American city has been plagued way to shaping Model Neighborhoods, will be removed. by problems which are now reaching and some 1,000 Community Action pro­ This budget includes outlays of $206 crisis proportions-aggravated by mul­ grams will actively continue to help lo­ million in 1970 for these two new pro­ tiple and overlapping governmental re­ calities and their citizens find their own grams to fight crime and delinquency sponsibilities and racial and economic solutions to the acute problems of pov­ at the State and local level. separation. Central cities and suburbs erty they now endure. We are also substantially increasing are both hard-pressed to provide the pub­ A concerted effort is also being the range and the impact of Federal lic services required by their citizens. launched to increase the number of in­ criminal law and effectively strengthen­ Their revenue sources lag behind serv­ dependent businessmen from racial or ing Federal enforcement agencies. ice needs. Frequent tax increases-based ethnic minority groups. The Small Busi­ Other legislative milestones to mainly on property and retail sales­ ness Administration will make or guar­ strengthen the effort toward reducing bear down heavily on the poor and antee loans valued at more than $300 crime and improving the administration middle-income families. million in 1970 for this purpose-almost of justice are: a tenfold increase in just 2 years. In ad­ -The Gun Control Act of 1968, which To meet the serious urban challenges dition, the Special Impact programs of today, and to plan for a better to­ regulates the import, manufacture, financed under the Economic Opportu­ and distribution of guns. morrow, the Federal Government is nity Act will provide for economic de­ channeling steadily rising amounts of -The Prisoner Rehabilitation Act and velopment of disadvantaged communi­ the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation funds into these metropolitan areas. In ties, including encouragement of local part, these funds are used for direct Fed­ Act, which represent major steps to­ businesses, and incentives for industry ward returning law violators to so­ eral programs, such as social security to locate in these communities and pro­ benefits to individuals and con$truction ciety better equipped to be respon­ vide jobs and training for local resi­ sible citizens. of post offices. In addition, Federal dents. grant-in-aid programs are increasingly -Provision of criminal penalties for We have set forth on an ambitious and the illegal manufacture, sale, distri­ focused on the special needs of the city. challenging task-reclaiming the Amer­ In 1964 we spent an estimated $5.6 bil­ bution, or possession of LSD and cer­ ican city for ourselves and our posterity. tain other drugs. lion, or 55% of total Federal grants in Crime control.-The first business of such areas. The 1970 budget provides -Laws to reinforce the drive against government is public order. This Admin­ organized crime by easing the gath­ $16.7 billion for aid in metropolitan istration has made public safety and areas, about 67 % of total Federal grants. ering of competent evidence, de­ order one of its principal concerns. Since terring obstruction of criminal in­ This increase in urban assistance is 1964, Federal outlays aimed at crime re­ vestigations,. and permitting the the result of both new programs and duction have risen each year, and will Federal Government to attack loan the reshaping of existing efforts. approach $900 million in 1970. sharking, an activity that provides To help meet the financial needs of We have moved forward on two fronts: organized crime with its second larg­ the Nation's fastest growing urban areas, -Improved law enforcement at the est source of income. I recommend legislation to create a fed­ State and local level, where the pri­ Action has also been taken to strength­ erally assisted Urban Development Bank. mary responsibility rests. en directly the law enforcement agencies This Bank will provide long-term financ­ -Strengthened Federal Government of the Federal Government: ing and technical assistance for capital support through its own enforcement -The staff of the Federal Bureau of improvements vitally needed by urban agencies and by expanded aid to Investigation has increased by over communities, large and small. States and localities. 15% since 1964. The Model Cities program is concen­ The National Crime Commission, ap­ -A new FBI Academy is being built trating all available resources in a com­ pcinted in 1965, called attention to our which will permit an increase in the prehensive attack on neighborhood so­ mounting crime problem, the need for number of Sta·te and local law en­ cial and physical blight. I am requesting modernizing our entire system of crim­ forcement personnel trained from $750 million for 1970 and $1,250 million inal Justice, and the necessity for add.1- 200 to 3,000 annually. January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-:__ HOUSE 717 -A new Bureau of Narcotics and Dan­ -We are providing a Head Start for our efforts to meet the growing :financial gerous Drugs has been established in 716,000 preschool children, many of needs of higher education and to re­ the Department of Justice, effectively whom would otherwise enter school move all financial barriers which prevent consolidating functions previously with two strikes against them, and some American children from attending performed separately in the Treasury Follow Through for 63,500 children college. Department and the Department of to preserve their gains. We look forward to further progress Health, Education, and Welfare. -About 182,000 children who suffer in developing a creative and revitalized -The Treasury Department's law en­ mental or physical handicaps requir­ educational system which draws on the forcement staff dealing with counter­ ing special educational methods are growing store of new and exciting ways feiting, forgery, contraband, and tax now enrolled in classes with Federal of fostering learning and helping every fraud has been increased. The De­ support. American to fulfill his potential. partment is taking the lead in plan­ None of these programs were available Manpower.-At a time when more ning for a new training center for in 1964. Americans are productively employed law enforcement personnel of the Under the budget proposal for 1970, than ever before, millions of Americans Federal Government. college students will receive a total of lack the skills and opportunity to earn -The National Crime Information 2 million grants, loans, and interest sub­ a decent living. To help overcome this Center, which began operation in the sidies for guaranteed loans, compared problem, the Federal Government has FBI in 1967, computerizes informa­ with 247,000 in 1964. This assistance is significantly expanded its manpower tion on crime, and enables States reaching about 1 out of every 4 students. programs. and cities to make direct requests of Between 1965 and 1970, the Federal Outlays for these programs are esti­ the system for information that is Government will have assisted· in the mated to rise from $735 million in 1964 instantly available regarding law construction of more than $9 billion to $3.5 billion in 1970, about a fivefold in­ violators and stolen property. worth of college classrooms, libraries, crease. As a result, 2 million individuals These and other advances provi1e a and other facilities, providing space will be helped to find suitable jobs, com­ firm basis for an improved anticrime needed to cope with rapidly expanding pared with 278,000 individuals in 1964. effort. As an urgent next step, the Con­ enrollments. This investment is helping Most in need of assistance are those gress should enact legislation requiring colleges and universities to achieve a who are ill-equipped for gainful employ­ Federal gun registration and licensing, level of oonstruction almost double the ment through lack of education and job to reduce the tragically large number level of the previous 5 years. skills, or are handicapped by racial and of violent crimes and deaths involving About 500,000 students will receive other discrimination, physical disabili­ firearms. A stronger anti-gambling law support for education and training in ties, and deprived environments. This is also needed to strike at organized 1970 under Veterans Administration pro­ group has received increasing attention crime. Further progress will require both grams-principally the GI bill-com­ in the Government's manpower develop­ increases in resources and bold new ap­ pared with about 30,000 in 1964. ment efforts. In 1970, the poor will com­ proaches to crime prevention and re­ More than 4 million high school stu­ prise over 85 % of those aided. habilitation of criminal~ to turn them dents and 845,000 technical students will Last year I began a new on-the-job permanently away from crime. be enrolled in federally supported voca­ training effort, the program for Job Op­ Education.-This Administration has tional education programs in 1970, an portunities in the Business Sector sought two goals in American education increase of 200 % in 5 years. (JOBS), to enlist the services of private The past few years have been a period industry and labor in providing training above all others: and employment for the disadvantaged. -That every child, regardless of fam­ of innovation and experimentation to improve the quality of American educa­ With the able support of the National ily income, race, or place of resi­ Alllance of Businessmen, JOBS has al­ dence, should have an opportunity tion. They have been years of: -The "new" physics, math, and his­ ready reached its initial goal of employ­ for all the education he wants and ing 100,000 men and women in the Na­ can absorb. tory; -Introduction of more effective ways tion's 50 largest cities almost 6 months -That the schools and colleges should to use personnel in the schools; ahead of schedule. This budget provides undergo continuing regeneration to -Improvement ir_ the quality of funds for 140,000 additional JOBS train­ improve the quality of education­ teaching through graduate fellow­ ing slots in 1970, double the number in through experimentation with new ships and short-term refresher 1969. With the continued commitment materials and methods, new ways training which will reach about one of the private sector, the goal of 500,000 of using staff, and new organiza­ teacher out of 11 in 1970; and individuals in jobs by June 1971 will be tions. -Creation of the Teacher Corps, attained. The years 1964 to 1970 are witness which in 1970 will bring 2,400 tal­ In 1970, the broad range of manpower to an unprecedented growth in Federal ented and concerned young people services provided our Nation's popula­ support for education. Total Federal out­ into the most demanding classes in tion will be expanded: lays for education are c.stimated at $9.8 the Nation-those in our city slums -The Job Corps will provide educa­ billion in 1970, compared with $3.l bil­ and poor rural areas. tion and training for 70,000 young lion in 1964. Federal Iunds representej In recent years, the Federal invest­ people from the poorest families, to about 9 % of total national expenditures ment in academic research and develop­ help them become productive, self­ for schools and colleges in 1964. They ment has continued at a high level­ supporting adults. ·now equal approximately 14% of the mainly through grants by the Depart­ -The Neighborhood Youth Corps will total-including 8 % of the support for ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, provide 100,000 part-time job oppor­ elementary and secondary education, the Department of Defense, and the Na­ tunities during the school year and and 23 % for higher education. tional Science Foundation. Federal nearly 300,000 such opportunities This has been a period in which 60 funds represent about two-thirds of the during the summer months to help education measures have been enacted, total research and development per­ needy high school students remain including such landmarks as the Ele­ formed by universities. They have been in school. It will also provide work mentary and Secondary Education Act of mutual benefit to the institutions­ and training experience for over of 1965, the Higher Education Act of by strengthening their courses of grad­ 100,000 out-of-school youths and 1965, the Vocational Education Amend­ uate study-and to the people of the adults. ments of 1968, and the Higher Education Nation, whose health, security, and -The Vocational Rehabilitation pro­ Amendments of 1968. These and other amenities of daily -life are dependent gram will restore 265,000 of the phys­ laws have enabled us to make major on the results of this research. ically and mentally handicapped to strides toward the realization of our edu­ The Nation can take great pride in productive lives, 145,000 more than cation goals. its recent educational advances. For the in 1964. -We are now assisting in the educa­ future, we should set as a national goal -The n~w Work Incentive health re­ the food distributed was worth roughly the average,° will be adding $6.80 a month sources needed now and for .the future. $2.20 per month per person. A food stamp per person to the food purchasing power January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 719 of each participating family. For the young disabled workers, and dis­ -As a result of such liberalizations, poorest families, the addition to the food abled widows. and the normal growth in the num­ budget can amount to mo.re than $15.00 These programs still face problems of ber of beneficiaries, total social se­ per person per month. This program gaps in coverage and inadequate pay­ curity payments for survivors will alone will reach an estimated 3.9 million ment levels. In recognition of this situ­ rise from $3.5 billion in 1964 to $6.6 persons. ation, I appointed a commission in 1968 billion in 1970. In the same period, We have also enlarged and improved to review the entire range of income the annual average payment to each the direct distribution program, so that maintenance programs. A final report survivor will rise from about $800 to the Federal Government now makes is expected within the next year which $1 ,020. available 22 foods which, when com­ should provide a basis for constructive To help the young war widow, a bined with other carefully selected and change. "widow's GI bill" was enacted in 1968, inexpensive foods can provide needy Retirement benefits.-The Social Se­ authorizing payment of a $130 monthly families with an adequate diet. Commod­ curity Act of 1935 committed the Fed­ allowance to a widow enrolled in an edu­ ities will be distributed to more than 4 eral Government to fostering a life of cational or training course preparing her million persons by the end of 1970. dignity and economic independence for for a good job and :financial independ­ Adequate food is especially important the older American. We have made con­ ence. Similar benefits are given to wives 1n the formative stages of life. Accord­ siderable progress towards this objective of veterans totally disabled in military ingly, under a program begun in 1968 in the last 30 years. service. In 1970, nearly 9,000 widows and the Federal Government is expanding The social security system now covers wives will be enrolled at a cost of $17 donations of supplementary food pack­ 90 % of all working Americans. Almost million. ages to families in which there are in­ all other workers are covered by Federal Disability benefits.-Federal programs f ants or expectant or nursing mothers. retirement systems providing protection assist a broad spectrum of the disabled. The budget includes funds to provide for railroad workers, Federal employees, The largest dollar share goes to those about 1 million persons with supplemen­ and military personnel. Combined, the disabled in their productive years, in the tary food packages through this program Federal retirement programs will pay an form of cash assistance and rehabilita­ by the end of 1970, compared with 225,- estimated $23 billion in benefits in 1970 tion. For this group, the 1970 budget will 000 at the end of 1969. under existing laws, a 69% increase over :finance a total of $6.0 billion in cash No American school child should have 1964. benefits to 5.1 million beneficiaries. to suffer for lack of food because his During my administration, three ma­ An estimated 2 million disabled veter­ family cannot afford the price. In 1964, jor improvements in social security bene­ ans will receive $2.2 billion in compen­ our food assistance for children reached fits have been enacted. Th ~se improve­ sation payments, and the social security only 1.6 million of the then 9.4 million ments: system will provide 2.6 million eligible school-age children from poor families. -Raised the average benefit to a re­ disabled persons with $2.6 billion in ben­ Under the proposals in this budget, by tired worker from $74 to $98 per efits. the end of 1970, we will have the capacity month. As part of my proposed improvements to help meet the dietary needs of all the -Raised the minimum monthly re­ in the social security system, I recom­ poor children in school. tirement benefits from $40 to $S5. mend that, effective July 1, 1970, the The growth in food assistance pro­ -Prcvided special benefit payments waiting period for disability benefits be grams over the last 5 years reflects the to more than 700,000 senior citi­ reduced from 6 months to 3 months, and Judgment of this administration that zens aged 72 and over who were not eligibility not be limited to disabilities hunger and malnutrition in the United previously eligible. lasting more than one year. States are intolerable. We have come far To enable social security beneficiaries In 1970, rehabilitation training will be ln our struggle to banish these long­ to share more equitably in the produc­ provided for an estimated 12,000 veter­ standing conditions, but further efforts tivity of our Nation, I am ~·ecommend­ ans receiving service-connected compen­ are needed by all levels of Government-­ ing, effective January 1, 1970: sation payments, 32,000 persons receiv­ State, local, and Federal-as well as by -A 13 % overall increase in social se­ ing public assistance, and 2,000 social the private sector. The Nation cannot be curity benefits including: security beneficiaries. Such training, es­ satisfied until no man, woman, or child -at least a 10 % increase for almost timated to cost $60 million in 1970, has 1n it is hungry or undernourished be­ 25 million social security benefici­ enabled many disabled persons to achieve cause of poverty beyond his control. aries, economic independence. Income security.-The vast majority -a 45 % increase to $80 in monthly To overcome the shortcomings in cov­ of Americans are economically independ­ benefits for the 2 million receiving erage and benefits under State work­ ent throughout their working years, but minimum benefits, men's compensation laws, legislation face separation from the labor force at -an increase from $1,680 to $1,800 a should be enacted to assure adequate some point. Many other Americans, be­ year in the amount of money which benefit levels and to extend coverage to cause of age, disability, family respon­ beneficiaries may earn without los­ most of the 20% of the Nation's work sibilities, or other factors, are unable to ing benefits, and force not now covered, so that they will earn the income needed for their mini­ -a minimum benefit of $100 a month be protected against the loss of income mum living requirements. To help assure and the cost of medical care from indus­ all Americans greater :financial security to individuals who have worked in covered P-mployment for 20 years. trial accidents and diseases. now and for the future, the Federal Gov­ Unemployment benefits.-A large ernment has developed programs to pro­ These changes will add $1.6 billion to the incomes of social security benefici­ share-about 75%-of the working force vide retirement benefits, unemployment is protected against temporary periods of insurance, public assistance, and other aries in fiscal year 1970. Survivor benefits.-Speci·al efforts have unemployment by t:he Federal-State un­ cash payments. Many of these benefits employment insurance program. In 1970, are :financed through payroll taxes. been made to improve assistance to fam­ ilies whose economic security is endan­ benefits totaling $2.3 billion will be paid Income security programs have been to a weekly average of 1.2 million work­ substantially improved in recent years, gered by the loss of the breadwinner. These survivor benefits .will total $8.4 ers. The unemployment insurance sys­ both through increased benefit rates and tem should be improved by enactment expanded coverage. As a result: billion in 1970. -Cash payments will rise from $29 bil­ -Average monthly social security of legislation to: lion in 1964 to more than $47 billion benefits for widows have been in­ -Extend coverage, in 1970. creased from $68 in 1964 to $92 in -Iiaise benefit levels, -Over that period, the number of peo­ 1970. -Increase the duration of benefits and ple receiving payments will increase -The age at which widows without provide services to increase the em­ from about 3_.5 million to an esti­ children can collect benefits has ployability of covered workers, and mat.ed 44 million, reflecting not only been lowered, while the age at which -Correct abuses in the present system. population growth but also the ex­ children in school can receive bene­ Income support.-In 1970, an esti­ tension of eligibility to the very old, fits has been raised. mated 12.4 million persons will receive '720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 I $5.9 billion in payments based on their This has called for both better coordi­ be finished, and further improvements need. Public assistance grants to the nation of programs already in existence must oontinue to be made. States will provide income maintenance to aid the poor and, more importantly, Improved Government organization.­ payments to 10 million needy individuals a determined effort to find new means The continuous drive for organi21a­ who are elderly, blind, disabled, or mem­ for offering disadvantaged groups in tional improvements has been marked bers of families with dependent children. urban and rural America a chance to by four principal approaches: The 1970 budget includes $3.7 billion for develop their own capacities and become Pirst, there has been a fundamental this purpose. Pension assistance totaling productive members of our society. restructuring of organizations to provide $2.2 billion will be provided 2.3 million The effort to eliminate poverty re­ a single focal point for leadership in veterans and their survivors. quires a comprehensive response to a broad functional areas. In 1964, the Office Federal aid to the poor.-A major wide range of physical and human needs. of Economic Opportunity was established weapon in the fight against poverty is Under this approach, aid to the poor to spearhead the planning, coordina­ a growing economy, with full use of our from programs of the Federal Govern­ tion, and operation of the national at­ human and physical resources. The over­ ment has risen sharply in recent years. tack on poverty. Two new Cabinet all economic expansion of the past 8 The estimated $27.2 billion included in agencies have alSD been established. In years has opened up countless new job the 1970 budget for such aid represents 1965, the Department of Housing and opportunities for persons who would an increase of $15.3 billion or 130% over Urban Development was established to otherwise be unemployed or underem­ 1964, and is almost three times the level provide overall coordination of pro­ ployed. And the benefits of our unparal­ of 1961. This increase reflects both the grams to improve our urban areas. In leled levels of prosperity and productivity expansion of programs designed to attack 1966, the Department of Transportation are widely distributed among our people. poverty directly, and a greater focusing was created, bringing together a num­ Nevertheless, 22 million Americans still of other social programs on the problems ber of major transportation programs living under conditions of poverty do not of the poor and disadvantaged. previously administered in separate enjoy the comforts and abundance most About three-fifths of the total aid pro­ agencies. of us take for granted. There is no single vided currently takes the form of income After thorough study of the Post Office cause of poverty, nor is there a single and other assistance directed toward Department, the Commission on Postal cure. Lack of education, inadequate or individual and family maintenance for Organization has recommended a new outmoded skills, poor health, racial in­ the poor. The largest relative increases corporate form of organization for the justice, substandard housing-these are since 1964, however, are in education, postal service under Federal ownership, the conditions on which poverty feeds. job training, and other employment aids, providing for significant management Without a concerted national effort, and health assistance, which promote and operating improvements. I urge en­ these conditions are passed along from greater self-reliance and provide the actment of legislation along the lines one generati on to the next, in a vicious basis for material and cultural advance­ recommended by the Commission. cycle of hopelessness and dependency. ment. Outlays for these purposes will Second, program responsibilities have In 1964, the Nation launched a war on rise from 11 % of total aid in 1964 to aeen realigned, relating them more poverty designed to strike at its causes. nearly 40 % in 1970. closely to agency missions. For example, in 1966, the operation and coordination FEDERAL AID TO THE POQRt of efforts to secure civil rights for all our (Fiscal years. Irr billionsf citizens was strengthened by transfer of the Community Relations Service to the 1961 1964 1968 1969 1970 Department of Justice from the Depart­ Category actual actuaL actual estimate estimate ment of Commerce. Also in that year, programs to combat water pollution were Education------$0. 1 $0.1 $2. 3 $2.2 $2. 4 brought together by moving the Federal Employment assistance __ ------• 1 . 2 1.6 2. 0 2. 4 Water Pollution Control Administration Health assistance ___ ------• 7 1. 0 4.1 5. 0 5. 8 Maintenance of individuals and families: from the Department of Health, Educa­ Income assistance______8. 3 9. 8 12. 4 12. 9 13. 5 tion, and Welfare to the Department of Other maintenance assistance______• 5 . 7 1.3 1. 9 2. 7 Research, demonstration, and other support______(2) (2) .4 .4 .4 the Interior. ------In 1968, a further consolidation of Tot aL _------9. 8 11. 9 22.1 24.4 27. 2 transportation programs was achieved through the trans!er of programs for 1 Figures represent outlays, except for direct loan programs, in which. they represent program levels. urban mass transportation facilities 2 Less than $50,000,000'. from the Department of Housing and Since 1964, about 12 million citizens -Sound decisionmaking processes; Urban Development to the Department have moved out of the bonds of poverty. and of Transportationr This leaves the Mari­ The past few years have necessarily in­ -Well-qualified personnel. time Administration as the only major volved considerable experimentation. We The vast size and scope of the activi­ transportation agency still outside of the have had many successes and some fail­ ties carried out by the Federal Govern­ Department of Transportation. To help ures. We knew from the start that elimi­ ment makes the achievement of these facilitate attainment of an efficient na­ nation of this long-standing problem tional transportation system, the- Mari­ objectives a difficult and unending job. time Administration should be trans­ could not be accomplished quickly. But As added functions are assumed or exist­ I continue believe that we should not ferred from the Department of Com­ to ing ones changed, we must constantly merce to the Department of Transporta­ falter in our commitment to the basic strive to see that the Government's orga­ objective of giving every American a tion. nization and procedures stay in step Third, internal organization and chance to share in the promise of Amer­ with the new roles involved, that waste­ ica. The investment involved will return coordination of programs have been ful methods are unccwered and elim­ strengthened within a number of agen­ many times its cost, with benefit for all inated, and that the Government is cies. The Environmental Science Services of us. responsive to the needs of the people. Administration was established in the The Economic Opportunity Act has The American taxpayer expects and Department of Commerce, bringing to­ been successfully administered by the must receive an alert and effective pub­ gether various related functions of that Office of Economic Opportunity, and lic service. Department. A major reorganization of should be extended for two more years. The last 5 years have been a period the customs activities of the Treasury ACHIEVING EFFEC'l:IVE. GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS of extensive organizational and man­ Department has made possible better Good government involves more than agement improvements. The Federal conduct of those functions. The welfare good laws and intentions. To attain pro­ Government's structure has been better and health programs of the Department gram goals effectively and provide Gov­ adapted to increasingly complex and of Health, Education, and Welfare were ernment services, efficiently, we need: multipurpose activities that require reorganized to- achieve better co0rdina- -Proper organizational arrange­ closer working relaticmships with State tion and supervision. ·i ments; and local governments. Cost-conscious­ Fourth, cooperative interagency ar- ; -Efficient and economical procedures ness has been pressed in all the agencies rangements have been developed, where · and practices; of the Government. This work can never consolidation of related functions in a January 15, 1'969 CONGRESSIONAi.. RECORD-HOUSE 721 single agency has not proved practical or feet their governments. Through trai'll.­ nual budget recommendations of these desirable. For example= ing programs and grants, Federal agen­ agencies are submitted for Executive -Under an interagency agreement, cies have assisted States andl localities considermtion within a framework that only one preliminary application in improving the caliber of their pell'- . perm.its better decisions on programs form is used for wate-r and sewer sonnel in selected program areas. and alternatives. m :relation to objec­ grant and roan programs adminis­ The rntergovermnental Cooperation tives. A new Specia:r Analysis, published tered by several agencies. Act of 1968 augments these measmes this year for the first time, shows my -A special procedure at certain inteir­ by providing more program information recommendations for budget authority national airports speeds the clear­ to Governors and State legislatures, per­ for selected agencies crassified in terms ance of incoming passengers through mitting the selective waiver of grant of the program structures developed customs, immigration, health, and requirements that unduly restrict State under the PPB system. agricultural inspections. and local operations, and involving The example of the Federal Govern­ Many of the improvements in Govern­ State and local governments in the de­ ment in adopting improved propedures ment organization were achieved under velopment, execution, and evaluation of for reaching decisions has been followed the provisions of the reorganization stat­ Federal programs and projects. by a number of State and local govern­ ute, which authorizes the President to Other steps have been taken to reform ments. This is a particularly promising submit reorganization plans to the Con­ and simplify procedures. development, both for the e1Iectiveness gress. The latest extension of this au­ -We have relieved some of the admin­ of government at each level and for in­ thority terminated on December 31, 1968. istrative problems of State and local tergovernmental cooperation. This statute should be extended again to governments by consolidating a Cost reductian.-Shortly after I be­ permit the new President to continue to number of categorical grants-in-aid came President, I promised that in my make adjustments and improvements in in the field of health. Similar meas­ administration the Government would governmental structure to meet chang­ ures in other program areas are conduct its operations with the utmost ing requirements. necessary. thrift and frugality, get a dollar's value A strengthened Federar system.-In -Procedures have been simplified to for a dollar spent, and set an example our expanded efforts to attack complex speed up the processing of high­ of prudence and economy. domestic social and economic problems priority grants to State and local In 19o5, a systematic, formal cost re­ in our society, the Federal Government governments, including the use of a duction program was initiated through­ has relied heavily on the talents and re­ standard interagency application out the Federal Government. The key sources of State and local governmental form for certain types of public points of this new effort were that the units·. In recent years, States and locali­ works projects. head of each department and agency ties have admfnii:;tered more than two­ -Arrangements are being made for would: thirds Of the totai expenditures by all simplified interagency funding of -Assume direct supervision of a for­ levels of government for domestic civilian certain State and local proJects re­ mal cost reduction program~ programs, and have financed over half lated to reducing poverty and juve­ -Establish specific dollar cost reduc­ of that total from their own funds. Re­ nile delinquency. General authority tion goals; liance on a partnership between all levels should now be provided for joint -Subject every major proposed ex­ of government is in keeping with time­ funding simplification in all grant­ pendi:ture to searching scrutiny in honored traditions-forged in the early in-aid programs. terms of costs and benefits; days of the Republic, and reconfirmed These recent efforts have brought -Employ independent means to verify with the passage of time. significant progress in improving inter­ savings; and To help cope with the relentless rise governmental communication and proce­ -Recommend high priority use of in public service requirements facing the dural arrangements. We must build on savings achieved. Nation, the Federal Government r... as pro­ that progress through a continued and Federal employees were asked to make vided large-scale financial aid to the 50 imaginative search for further improve­ cost reduction a personal goal and to re­ States and their 80,000 local govern­ ments. double their efforts to achieve savings ments. Budget outlays for Federal aid Better decisionmaking processes.-In and conduct their work as efficiently as will more than triple in the course of the summer of 1965, I directed the devel­ possible. only a decade, rising from $7 billion in opment and application of a Govern­ To cite only a few examples of accom­ 1960 to about $25 billion in 1970. The ment-wide Planning-Programing-Budg­ plishments in the past year alone: increase from 1964 alone represents a eting be in exeess ernments now make up more than one­ information and analyses that relate of their needs, consolidating orders, fifth of total Federal spending for civil­ program planning and performance to improving contract procedures, and ian domestic programs, and represent identified goals and objectives. These conserving utilities. about 18% of State and local revenues. goals are reviewed, alternate means of -The National Aeronautics and Space The recent rapid increase in both the achieving them are identified, and the Administration reported savings of number and scale of Federal grant pro­ effectiveness and costs of the alterna­ $184 mHiion last year under its grams has created some stress and com­ tives are compared in determining which formal contractor cost reduction plexity, pointing up the need for closer to select. This is followed by evaluation program, in which 38 principal con­ cooperation and coordination among of each program at suitable intervals. tractors actively pa:rti:cipate. the various levels of government. We During its 3 years in operation, the -The Department of Defense have taken a number of steps in the last PPB system has improved substantially achieved savings of $1.2' billion last few years to meet this challenge. the basis for decisiorunaking within the year from more than 27 ,000 separate Cooperation among the different levels executive hranch. This yea!'", new analy­ and validated management actions. of government has been facilitated by ses have played' a role in decisions about .As one: example~ the .Air Force de­ providing clear paths of communication areas as diverse as the possible leasing veloped a way to :repair the worn between the Federal Government, State of public lands for oil shale development, turbine shafts of jet engines, thus Governors, and the thousands of May­ the choice of means to make materials eliminating replacement costs of ors and other local officials. I have in the Government's archives more $-2A million. opened these lines of communication wideiy available .. and the urgency of in­ In order '00 broaden and strengthen even further by directing that the ex­ creasing the effectiveness of family plan­ the Government's drive for economy a.nd ecutive branch of the Federal Govern­ ning. efficiency in all its operations,_ I estab­ ment consult with. State. ana local chief Twenty-two agencies, repxesenting lished an Advisory Council on Cost Re­ executives in developing rules and regu­ over: 95 % of the 197Cl budget., are now duction in 196'Z, with members. selected latwns and on other matters that a:f- operating within this system. The an- from. buth. aa.vemment. and private life.

CXV--46-Part 1 722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 15, 1969

The Counc~ has been evaluating the In seeking these goals, we have achieved In many ways the submission of a bal­ cost r~duct1on program, exploring op- . great military strength with the sole aim anced budget, as the President has done por~umti~s for further savings, and con- of deterring and resisting aggression. We today, is an exciting and encouraging sultmg with leaders in business, industry,_ have continued to assist other nations event. Members will bear in mind, as I and research t.o draw on their experience struggling to provide a better life for do, that since 1930, during these 38 years, and ideas for redu~ing cos~. their people. We are successfully pushing we have had only six balanced budgets. A FAIR Selective Service System.- forward the frontiers of knowledge to Now the President has submitted a bal­ Over the last 10 years, the number of outer space and promoting scientific and anced budget for the current fiscal year young men inducted into the Armed technological advances of enormous po­ 1969, and an estimate also of a balanced Forces from the eligible and available tential for benefit to mankind. budget for the forthcoming fiscal year group has declined from 70% to 50%. In recent years, we have taken signifi­ 1970 which begins on July 1, 1969. !his ~evelopment has made it incr~as- cant strides toward expanding the op­ If these two balanced budgets are ac­ mg~y important that those called mto portunity for each American to: tually accomplished, back to back, it will mihtary service are selected in an equita- -Develop his mind, skills, and earn- considerably atone for the $25 billion ble manner. ing power to their maximum poten- deficit of last fiscal year, brought on by It was my intention to develop a fair tial. a number of situations, principally the and impartial random system of selec- -Contribute his full share to a society war. This is a very hopeful prospect and tion e of thing con­ be surprising indeed-it would be very liberate in this body on appropriation tinues we are going to have a continua­ surprising; it would be unthinkable­ bills and legislative proposals involving tion of serious inflationary problems. If if the Congress should agree whole­ the budget, we are entitled to have before wages, and prices, and salaries, con­ heartedly and in every detail with the us a recommendation of the outgoing tinue to increase to the point where we President. It just is not, that kind of a President and the recommendation of cannot achieve reasonable price stabil­ situation. . the incoming President. That is going to ity, we are headed for further economic Now, of course, we will differ with the slow us down awhile, because it will take difficulties. The value of the dollar would President. ·We will differ very materially some time for this to be done. So, some­ drop still further. in some respects with the President. I am how, we have to innovate sufficiently to Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, if the gen­ sure that the members of the President's move along r,nd discharge our business at tleman will yield further, is the gentle­ Cabinet differed very sharply with the least within the 12-month period, taking man now saying that the President has President with respect to the budget time out for the recesses which have al­ established a balanced budget as of July which he submitted. I am not authorized ready been announced. This will not be 1 of this year? to say it, and I could be in error, but I an easy problem. Mr. MAHON. The President's budget would say that the Secretary of Health, Yes, the President in making the is an estimate and, therefore, is, of Education, and Welfare, Wilbur Cohen, budget has used a great deal of restraint course, based UPon many assumptions, would have increased this budget for from his standpoint. There are many as the distinguished gentleman from HEW, by $1 billion or more, and he would items in this budget. I am sure that if Iowa well knows. It will be up to us, in­ have been perfectly honest in it. He is Orv1lle Freeman, the outgoing Secretary sofar as Congress can do so, to achieve absorbed with the idea of trying to do of Agriculture, had been able to secure a balanced budget. The President has more things for more people through the all of the funds that he would have pre­ projected a balanced budget. Federal Government. But the budget is ferred to have, the funds in the budget Mr. GROSS. I am talking about the not $1 billion or more higher as a result for the elimination of malnutrition, end of this fiscal year. Will we end the of the acceptance of what he may have hunger, and so forth, would have been fiscal year in the red or with a sur­ recommended. much higher. I am sure that the Joint plus? President.. Johnson seems to in­ I am sure that as to former Secretary Chiefs of Staff and the members of that dicate we will have a surplus at the end of Housing and Urban Development, Mr. body, had they been able to get all they of this fiscal year on June 30. Robert Weaver, if he had had his way wanted in this budget, we would have Mr. MAHON. I would assume that the and if his successor, Mr. Wood, had had had a budget several billions of dollars President's estimate is not too far oif. his way for model cities and rent supple­ higher. Of course, the status of the economy will ments and other programs involving So, there is a diversity of opinion with­ be unpredictable in the next 6 months. urban areas, the budget would have been in the executive branch. But, of course, But he has estimated a $2.4 billion sur­ very much higher indeed. the executive branch speaks with one plus which tends to be anti-inflationary. So, while we may complain in some in­ voice and this is the voice of the Presi­ Mr. GROSS. How much did the gen­ stances that the budget is too high from dent. We in the legislative branch speak tleman say? our viewpoint, I think we should give the with 535 voices. Mr. MAHON. The figure the President President credit, certainly, for a con­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the used was $2.4 billion. siderable degree of austerity and re­ gentleman yield? Mr. GROSS. A surplus of $2.4 billion straint in refusing to accept the higher Mr. MAHON. Yes, I yield to the gentle­ at the end of this fiscal year? figures which no doubt were urged upon man from Iowa. Mr. MAHON. Yes, and at the end of him by members of the executive branch INFLATION PROBLEMS the next fiscal year, 1970,. it is hopefully and by-various organizations and individ­ suggested that it might be $3.4 billion. uals throughout the Nation. Mr. GROSS. Do I understand the gentleman to say that inflation is in­ Mr. GROSS. Does the gentleman Of course, the President represents all think the present President has indulged of the people and all of the areas of our creasing at the annual rate of 4 to 5 percent? in any financial legerdemain in reach­ Nation. As individuals in the House, we ing the situation of a surplus as of July represent only our own districts, al­ Mr. MAHON. Last year, yes. 1, when inflation is increasing at the though we have a very marked respon­ Mr. GROSS. Last year? Is the gentle­ rate as the gentleman from Texas says sibility tp the Nation as a whole. man referring to the calendar year or to of 4 or 5 percent? This seems to me to be The budget is a presentation of a set the current fiscal year? utterly contradictory. of legislative and fiscal recommendations M:r. MAHON. The calendar year. Of Mr. MAHON. I do not so interpret Which the President believes should be course, we do not at this time know how that. I would assume that the figures adopt;(;!d 1n the overall best interests of fast inflation will proceed in the future. projected by the President are reason­ the Nation as he sees the situation. This But in the last year, fnftation has been ably accurate. But, of course, this is an enables the Congress to have some basis at a rate of nearly 5 percent a year. estimate based on many assumptions. 724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 We have not ·mentioned it but, of did not say that I am delighted to see a he does not approve of these rescissions course, we both know the future course balanced budget for fiscal 1970 come to and does not think they will be carried of the war could have heavy implica­ the Congress this year, and also to hear out. tions, budgetwise. that we might have a balanced budget But, it seems to me, we must not lose The Director of the Budget sometimes at the end of this fiscal year and instead sight of the expenditure limitation and makes recommendations, and we may of an $8 billion deficit, we may have a the surtax that we brought about. find it true in this budget when we ex­ $2.4 billion surplus. I shall ask permission to extend my amine it, that maybe indicates resorting I might also say, Mr. Speaker, to my remarks, but I do want to point this to what some may regard as "gimmicky." distinguished chairman, that I will be out-the gentleman attended with me All Presidents and Budget Directors much happier when the end of the fiscal this morning the signing of this budget have, to some limited extent, done this. year comes, and we actually have a sur­ at the White House. It was very inter­ But we are not aware at the moment of plus rather than a deficit, and then at esting. The President suggested that dur­ all the intricacies contained in the new that time we could make our speeches ing his term of office we had spent a budget. As the gentleman knows, we now and pat ourselves on the back, if we do trillion dollars. He also mentioned when have a new type of budget concept first accomplish such a fact. he first came to the Congress, the budget used last year. Whatever the recom­ But I sometimes wonder whether we was $5 billion. Now we are operating mendations, we may accept, reject, modi­ are going to accomplish this fact. on a budget of over $200 billion. So we fy-as we see fit. Again I say I appreciate the fact that can see the pace at which we have gone Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ the President has suggested that in fiscal on these figures. tleman yield further just very briefly? year 1970 we will have a balanced budget, I would suggest again-let us be very Mr. MAHON. Yes, I yield further to but I believe we have to take a look at happy about a projected balanced the gentleman from Iowa. how we are balancing the budget. I have budget and a surplus, but let us reserve EXECUTIVE PAY BILL just one item from this budget which I time at the end of this fiscal year when Mr. GROSS. I am pleased that the might call to the attention of the Mem­ we can take a look and see whether we gentleman mentioned the impending so­ bers, and that is a reduction of $500 have accomplished this or not. That is called executive pay bill, and said that million in projected farm price support the day, I think, when we can come in we could achieve a balanced budget if we costs. Well, that is fine, but the price sup­ and congratulate the Congress and the did not go into further pay increases, and ports for 1969 are now projected at some executive branch of the Government, so on and so forth. I only want to say $700 million more th ..m the original pro­ when we have actually accomplished to the gentleman that I have already in­ jection of last January. So what we have budget balance, rather than this projec­ troduced a resolution disapproving this here is certain projections that may have tion which we have not yet been able so-called executive pay bill, and I would been estimated at lower figures than will to study, and determine where or when hope to have the support of the gentle­ be realized when the fiscal year is over. we shall find some places where cuts can be made. man from Texas in disapproving the rec­ PROPOSED SUPPLEMENTALS ommendations of President Johnson. THE FEDERAL BUDGET FOR 1970 AND THE Now, as the Members know, in the past KENNEDY-JOHNSON FISCAL LEGACY Mr. MAHON. I thank the gentleman we have had to come in here with sup­ from Iowa. I did not mean to say that if plemental budget requests in order to I repeat, Mr. Speaker, having always there were no pay increases we would replenish certain funds. So I believe we been a consistent advocate of balanced stop inflation. I believe my own words should wait to see. budgets whenever practicable, I would will speak for myself better in that But this is a challenge to the Congress, be remiss if I did not say I am pleased regard. one I hope we can follow through on so that a balance between revenues and ex­ Mr. Speaker, may I ask how much time that we can come up- with a balanced penditures is anticipated in the budget I have remaining? budget. not only for fiscal 1970 but also for the The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. HUN­ There are other items in here. There is current year as well. Following on the GATE). The gentleman from Texas has going to be a supplemental, as I under­ heels of a deficit of more than $25 bil­ consumed 20 minutes. stand, of $4.8 billion that we are going lion in fiscal 1968, it is an achievement Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I asked for to have to act on very shortly. Am I indeed that balanced budgets are fore­ this time for the purpose of discussing correct in that? cast for 1969 and 1970. Time and cir­ in a general way the President's budget. Mr. MAHON. That is the figure in the cumstances will determine the validity Through the cooperation and the assist­ budget. I have not gone into it further. of these forecasts and while I may very ance of the members of the staff of the Mr. BOW. As I recall, it is $4.8 bil­ well not agree with the manner in which Committee on Appropriations, who are lion. So we do have that supplemental budget balance is being achieved, I am career professionals, who are very knowl­ coming, but it is accounted for in this compelled to express my joy over the edgeable, I have prepared further re­ surplus we are going to have. prospect of such a happy circumstance. marks which go into more detail. On this Of course, Mr. Speaker, I would em­ I should also like to suggest that this phasize that the revenue and expendi­ occasion I have spoken off the cuff, so to is a wonderful thing we have here, and speak, but I shall insert a further state­ ture figures proposed in this budget are much of it came about because of the projections and nothing more. If pro­ ment in regard to this whole matter. Mr. surtax which we enacted last year. Paul Wilson, assistant clerk and staff di­ jected revenues do not reach their an­ rector, has been especially helpful in REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE ACT ECONOMY ticipated goal and if expenditures should PROVISIONS materially exceed their proposed levels, preparing this additional material. But I think it should also be pointed Mr. Speaker, I see on the floor the gen­ and very often they do, then the budget out what might have happened in this balance assumptions for fiscals 1969 and tleman from Ohio . 171 15, 958 +18. 2' +82. 8 +92. z Defense agencies ------­ Nondefense______40, 319 58, 123 92, 536 100, 367 +44. ~ -f-129. 5 +148. 9 Army National Guard----- 15,000 Special allowances ______------100 3, 150 ------Air National Guard ______13,200 Undistributed intergovernmental trans- Army Reserve ______10,000 actions______-2, 29& -2, 939, -!i, 105 -5, 745 ------Naval Reserve ______9,600 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Total, budget outlays" ______92, 2331 118! 585 183, 701 195, 272 +28. 6 -t-99. 2 +111. 7 Air Force Reserve ______5,300 7 Family housing, Defense __ _ 607,800 Homeownem assistance fund, 1,850 It has been alleged over recent years ci>urse, defense costs h~ve risen not oniy Defense ------that provision for our national security because of the war fn Vietnam but also Total, Defense-Military_ 25, 192, 964 has been the principal culprit in the ever­ because of events occurring in many rlsing costs of the Federal service. Of other places throughout the world but January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 727 the truth is that the percentage increase In those regards I supported Presidents or cities, and it is not possible in a short in nondefense spending in the last 8 Kennedy and Johnson and I call upon length of time to find and spend the re­ years is almost twice as great as that for my colleagues today to do likewise when sources to fully solve the problem. And defense. In the intervening 8 years be­ the mantle of leadership is transferred they cannot be solved by money alone. tween a balanced budget in 1960 and the next Monday from President Johnson's It is a long-range kind of problem. I do one projected for the current year, de­ shoulders to those of President Nixon. not think we can ever fully solve the fense expenditures--including those for BUDGET IS NOT SELF-ENACTING problem of poverty, and therefore con­ tradict the teaching of the Bible that, Vietnam-have increased 76.4 percent, Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I th~nk · the interest on the public debt has increased gentleman for his remarks. "The poor ye will have with you always." 82.8 percent and all other nondefense Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Ohio But we ought to do as much as we can programs have skyrocketed to 129.5 per­ has pointed out so correctly that what­ reasonably do in that field. cent above their level of 8 years ago. ever credit or blame is due in fiscal mat­ In government, we can only wisely Furthermore, in fiscal 1970 defense ex­ ters must be borne very heavily by the take a certain limited step at one time; penditures are estimated to increase an­ Congress because it is up to us to make otherwise, we would destroy our economy other 1.2 percent to 77.6 percent above decisions with respect to the expenditure and our capability to go forward. So we their level in 1960. Interest on the public of Federal funds by the executive must have some patience in dealing with debt is expected to increase another 9.4 branch. these problems. In dealing with our new percent to 92.2 percent above its 1960 We have had a major role in reduc­ President we must have some patience. level. But, Mr. Speaker, the real shocker tions which have been achieved during We must give him the time, the support is the spending for all other nondefense the past calendar year and which will be and appropriate cooperation needed in programs which are projected to escalate projected into the future, and I think a order to confront the problems which by 19.4 percent to a level of 148.9 percent very wholesome role. Of course, the Pres­ face us. greater than they were in 1960. ident has an important leadership role. Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ We are still :fighting a hot war in Viet­ This role is going to continue to be our man yield, nam which is expected to cost more than responsibility. There is no absolute, iron­ Mr. MAHON. I am delighted to yield $29 billion in fiscal 1969 and more than clad guarantee that there will be a bal­ to the gentleman from Iowa. $25 billion in 1970 and, to date, a just anced budget in this fiscal year or in the DEBT LIMITATION and honorable peace is not in sight. next fiscal year. The President has Mr. KYL. There always seems to be We have spent billions on the educa­ pointed the way toward a balanced worry about projected budget balances. tion of our youth but recent newspaper budget. Can the gentleman tell us if at this time accounts indicate that the bureaucrats in We should, wherever reasonably pos­ we have indeed borrowed from some of the Office of Education feel we have done sible, make reductions below those rec­ the trust funds to help simulate a bal­ precious little in improving education for ommended by the President. I think we ance, as we have sometimes in the past, the youthful poor. can reduce this budget. and then we will quite suddenly face a We have provided untold billions in in­ I think it fair to say that, in my opin­ condition in which the administration come maintenance and medical care ion, we probably will not be able to re­ comes to us and says to us, "We must payments for our impoverished but the duce the budget during this calendar have an increase in the statutory debt welfare recipient rolls continue to grow. year, that is, reduce the President's limit or we can't continue the highway We have been unstintingly generous in budget in this calendar year by as much program, we cannot continue to pay our efforts to abolish poverty and train as we did in the last calendar year, for social security, et cetera.'' Is there any our disadvantaged so they may become a fiscal years 1968 and 1969, when we re­ danger of that happening at this time? productive part of our economy but the duced the budget estimates by $14 billion. Mr. MAHON. Of course, under the President says in his budget message that Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ new budget concept which is embodied 22 million Americans still live in poverty. tleman yield at this point? in the President's budget, highway trust We have distributed hundreds of mil­ Mr. MAHON. I yield to the gentleman. funds, social security trust funds, and so lions of dollars worth of food to the less Mr. BOW. Am I correct in understand­ forth, such expenditures are involved. It fortunate but some Americans still suffer ing that the anticipated expenditures for is true that in the past, and in the re­ from hunger and malnutrition. the fiscal year 1970 are $11.6 billion cent past, trust fund expenditures have We spent $531 million in 1968, expect higher than in this fiscal year? been reduced in order to avoid inflation­ to spend $639 million in 1969 and the Mr. MAHON. The gentleman is correct. ary pressures. I do not know what may President proposes to spend almost $900 Mr. BOW. If we have an estimated develop, but all trust funds will be in million in 1970 for crime reduction but expenditure of $11.6 billion more than jeopardy unless we hold the line and violent crime continues to increase by the expenditures in this fiscal year, it maintain the integrity of the dollar at leaps and bounds. seems to me that the Congress ought to home and abroad, and proceed with We are experiencing an unprecedented take a good hard look to find out whether caution in executing and in embracing high level of economic activity with an we cannot make some additional savings expensive programs in agriculture, in unemployment rate of about 3.3 percent, in the $11.6 billion increase over this education, in health, and in . urban the lowest since October 1953, but at the fiscal year. affairs. same time we are in the throes of run­ Mr. MAHON. This we can do and will Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ away inflation with prices advancing at do. Some reductions can be made and man yield further? a current rate of 5 percent. will be made. But some of these increases Mr. MAHON. I yield to the gentleman Mr. Speaker, these are some of the are built in, such as for example, the from Iowa. legacies which the Kennedy-Johnson ad­ increase in the cost of the interest on Mr. KYL. The presentation of a new ministrations are bequeathing to Presi­ the public debt. I will insert some ma­ budget may be new technique, or what­ dent-elect Nixon. The days and months terial on the makeup of the increases. ever you want to call it, but it does and years ahead probably will not pro­ There is very considerable detail in the not change the basic law which provides vide President Nixon with any easy solu­ budget message, of course. that any surplus in a trust fund must tions to these problems which are be­ The budget has many, many items in be invested. I will put it in anothe.r way. setting the Nation. For that reason I it. Much is involved. I hope that all Mem­ This means the administration can bor­ caution my colleagues and the American bers of the House can study more deeply row and must borrow those funds to public not to look for miracles but rather than in prior years the President's pay Government obligations. If we get to expect the same day-to-day devotion budget. It takes a little time to compre­ into a position again, as we have in the to the solution, as he sees it, of our na­ hend such a complex document. recent past, as the gentleman suggests, tional problems that President Johnson I was about to say, we have had for where you do not have income sufficient gave to their solution, as he saw it. several hundred years in this country, to pay back those funds, then we must Peace in the world, our national secu­ and for several thousand years in this again turn to an increase in the statutory rity, the integrity of our dollar, a healthy world, the problem of poverty, the prob- debt limit. Has the gentleman heard and growing economy and the right of lem of education and its deficiencies, the any rumor or seen any signs that the all Americans to peacefully pursue legit­ problem of crime, the problem of men Congress will be asked again to increase imate goals transcend partisan politics. living together in groups, communities the statutory debt limit? 728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969

Mr~ MAHON. That would be up to the Mr. MAHON. Yes, but we do not know already analyzed, by the $S billion in "In­ incoming President. He would ha.ve ta for sure what the collections- actually tergovernmental transactions." look the situation ever. I am sure he will, will be. We have them projected, but, we I think many of the poople are con­ and I am sw:e he will confer with the de> not know what they will actually be~ cerned-as ce:r.rtainly are thooe Members gentleman fFom Arkansas wtget and do their and others on the Ways-and Means Com­ that if we get through February and homework-as to wheth~r or not this is mittee, and with congressional leaders­ March, we will be able to get through in fact a balanced budget,, or whether generally, and with the leaders in the the year? it is balanced only out of the trust funds Senate in regard to procedure. Mr. MAHON. I would hope so but this and/or by the participation sales certifi­ I grow weary, as I know the gentle­ is a very complex issue. cates and other devices we have devel­ man does, of voting for proposals to raise In elaboration, upon checking through oped for intergovernmental transactions. the debt ceiling. The so-called permanent the details of the budget we find this I am certain that we all have a right to national debt limit is now $358 billion statement about the debt ceiling: know. and, under the law, I believe, goes to Gross Federal debt-which is the sum of Could the gentleman enlighten the $365 billion during the year, and then the amount of debt held by the public and Members on that, in view of the excel­ reverts to the $358- billion at the end of the amount held within the Government­ lent statement he has made thus far? the year. is estimated at $371.5 billion at the end of The SPEAKER pro tempore

ITEMS PROPOSED FOR SEPARATE TRANSMITIAL UNDER PROPOSED LEGISLATION [In thousands of dollars]

1969 1970 Budget Budget Budget Budget authority outlays authority outlays

Funds appropriated to the President: International financial institutions: Subscription to the International Development Association-the first 2 of 3 installments of a total $480,000,000 U.S. contribu- tion to a replenishment of IDA 's resources ______------160, 000 ------160, 000 40, 000 Asian Development Bank-the first 2 installments of a maximum $200,000,000 U.S. contribution to the Bank. The exact amount of the total contribution tied to the procurement of U.S. goods and services ______------_ 25, 000 ------25, 000 6, 000 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- To ta I, FAP ______------__ ------______- ~ -- ______------185, 000 46, 000 ======185, 000 ------Department of Agriculture: Consumer and Marketing Service: Consumer protective, marketing, and rewlatory programs-to repeal the Tobacco Seed and Plant Exportation Act of 1940, the Naval Stores Act of 1923, and the ool Standards Act of 1928------113 -113 Removal of surplus agricultural commodities-to establish user charges to defray Federal administrative costs of the mar- keting agreements and orders program ______------______------__ ------______------2, 900 Farmers Home Administration: Direct loan account-to authorize insured operating loans to individuals, and to provide that all insured loans made to public bodies for water and waste disposal facilities shall bear taxable interest upon sale to private investors------292, 000 Agricultural credit insurance fund-to authorize insured loans to individuals and rural cooperatives, and to provide that all investorsinsured loans ______made to public bodies for______water and______waste disposal______facilities shall bear______taxable interest upon sale • ______to private ______• ______• ______Total USDA ______- - --_ -113 -295,013 ======Department of Health, Education and Welfare: 1, 619, 000 1, 519, 000 ======(1, 300, 000) (1, 500, 000) soci}~~=~~r~rd~~~i~~citr:J~~~vors-insuriiiicii-friisiFederal disability insurance trust fund ___ ------riiii

ITEMS PROPOSED FOR SEPARATE TRANSMITTAL UNDER PROPOSED LEGISLATION-Continued [In thousands of dollars]

1969 1970 Budget Budget Budget Budget authority outlays authority outlays

Department of Transportation: Fed.era I Aviation Administration: Airways and _airport development- to expand the capacity and effectiveness of the Federal airways system, and for a new and expanded airport development program. Legislation for airways users charges is also proposed to offset the additional costs of these programs·--- · ------275, 000 150, 000 Federa · Highway Adr_ninistration: Legislation will _be proposed to fi~ance the highway beautification, traffic and highway safety, - - fr~~f ~nn~ ~ommunity h ghway safety, motor ca mer safety, forest highways, and pub he lands highway programs from the highway Federal funds: TJ~;:~1~;~~~~!,~~~~~f.iifa~:~J;IIff :~~rn'·ra;ct ;'"t""'Uoo) _ :: ~:. l.:: l::: ~ ll l l ~ ~ ~ l~~ ll ll ~-~l ~ ~ . ~:. ~ ~ ~ ~ •••~ l ~ •• ~~. ~ •• ·~ ~ =]!! ~f ;if m ~i~~{~'.i~~~~~r~~;:~,~~: ,7,~;;~·;~;;:;;~~~,:~f-~;iiii.:;;;,;,~;;~;; . ~ ~ ~ ~: ~: ~ ~ ~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: ~:::: ••~. ~ ~~~=: : ~~ :~ ~~ .: •• ·~ •••• :: ~:: ••• : :~ m l!~ i ____ ------113, 476 31, 000 ~~b~~J r;~~~~~;h~~u~d~fi~~do1t~onn~a~~~t~~~~r~~~~~~?zaticin ------= 54 194 12 St. Lawrence Seaway Develoim~n~ Corporation-for reimbursemen/iit -tiie-costs cif"rehabiiitatioriwork"iiridocks°cliready- uncfe-r:------' • OOO taken and financed from borrowing authority ______. ______------______13, 105 ______• Total, DOT______13, 105 ------275, 000 150, 000 Veterans' Administration: Compensation and pensions ______• ______• ______------_ -106, 000 -106, 000 Repeal of compensation in cases of arrested TB (veterans service-connected compensation) ______(-46, 000) (-46, 000) Repeal. of the exclusion _of railroad retirement payments from countable income in pension computation (veterans non- serv1ce-connected pensions) ______• ______(-6, 000) (-6, 000) Repeal of duplicate burial benefits paid by Social Security and Veterans' Administration (other veterans benefits and services) ______(-54, 000) (-54, 000) Readjustment benefits: Adaptation housing grants to certain classes of wheelchair veterans ------750 750 Total, VA ______. ______. ______. ______------105,250 -105, 250 District of Columbia: Federal funds: Federal payment to the District of Columbia-to fix the authorization for a Federal payment to the District at 30 percent of the local tax revenues accruing to the general fund ______------____ ------______22, 400 22, 400 Loans to the District of Columbia for capital outlay-to authorize the District's 1970 share of local contributions for financing the regional rapid transit system by borrowing from the U.S. TreasurY ------1, 293 ------

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- Subtotal, District of Columbia ______------______23, 693 22, 400 Intergovernmental agencies: Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority: Federal contribution-to authorize the payment of the Federal share of the adopted regional system in the form of debt service grants which will support Federal share bonds of $83,000,000 _------. ------6,200 6, 200 Railroad Retirement Board: Trust funds: Limitation on salar:es and expenses ______. _____ .. _.. ______23, 000 19,000

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Total, other independent agencies ______. ______. . __ -· _·- ______------52, 893 47, 600 ======3, 244, 172 2, 120, 998 ~~~::: ~~~r~:i~e~s--======~ ======~ ======- ______~~~·- ~~~ -======---- -1,942,517 -1, 224, 608 Grand total, net. ______. ______198, 105 ------l, 301, 655 896, 390

NEW BUDGET (OBLIGATIONAL) AUTHORITY IN one on which Congress will be acting this has already been authorized and actually TODAY'S BUDGET-AGAIN OVER $200 BILLION session. appropriated in earlier Congresses for Mr. Speaker, a key question from the The key figure is the new budget ther ------1, 512

1 The differences between budget outlays and budget anthority as reflected in these figure; represents the amount which will be Total, increase without cur­ expended in future fiscal years. rent action by the Con- gress ------+4, 888 BUDGET AUTHORITY AVAILABLE THROUGH CURRENT ACTION BY CONGRESS [In millions of dollars) Deduct interfund and intragov­ ernmental transactions and ap­ 1970 total plicable receipts from the public_ -614 estimate 1969 estimate compared to 1969 Total, :r;roposed budget au- 1968 Later 1970 total total thority increase______+ 15, 496 Department or other unit enacted Enacted transmittal Total estimate estimate THE LAST 5 FISCAL YEARS

Legislative branch ______281 299 12 311 Mr. Speaker, with the conclusion of The Judiciary ______333 +22 95 103 3 106 117 +11 the administration of President John­ Executive Office of the President______31 31 .. 32 34 +2 Funds appropriated to the President______4,821 4,814 186 5, 000 6, 101 +1, 101 son, it may be of some interest to very Agriculture ___ ------______6,435 6, 013 49 6, 062 7, 275 +1,213 briefly capsule the budgetary results for Commerce ______------______919 905 10 914 1, 008 +94 the years of his administration. Defense-Military ______76, 248 73, 599 3, 012 76, 611 80, 374 +3,763 Defense-CiviL ______1, 387 1, 298 6 1, 303 1,248 -55 As the President points out, at page Health, Education, and Welfare ______14, 463 14, 942 666 15, 607 18, 166 +2,559 28 of the message, despite rising Federal Housing and Urban Development______3, 352 1, 637 25 1,662 1, 745 +83 Interior------__ ------______expenditures the Federal budget now Justice ______1, 675 1, 760 37 1, 797 1, 749 -48 442 523 21 544 829 +285 takes roughly the same percentage bite Labor ______---- _- __ - ___ - __ ------666 692 49 741 1,265 +524 Post Office ______1, 192 840 196 1,036 749 -287 out of the total economy-out of the State __ ------_------______389 395 7 402 419 +17 gross national product-as over the last 1, 528 3, 508 58 3, 566 2, 041 -1, 525 15 years. For the current fiscal year, +~:~~~~~~~i~~======999 1, 040 20 1, 061 1,092 +31 Atomic Energy Commission ______2, 509 2, 571 ------2, 571 2,438 -133 1969, it is some 20.6 percent. Excluding Genera1 Services Administration ______577 518 6 524 560 +36 Vietnam costs, it is 17 .3 percent-less National Aeronautics and Space Administration ___ 4, 589 3, 995 ------3, 995 3, 761 -234 Veterans' Administration ______7, 557 6, 975 254 7, 228 7,636 +408 than 5 years ago; even less than the 18.3 Other independent agencies ______4,289 1, 373 49 1, 422 1, 627 +205 percent average for the years 1955-60. Allowances for- 2, 800 +2,800 Fiscally speaking, the administration g~v~~l~~eannc1e~~~~::_~~~-i~~~~~~~======------i5ii ______i5ii- 500 +350 of President Johnson spans 5 fiscal years: Total budget authority available through The latter half of fiscal 1964; all of fiscal current action by Congress ______134, 444 127, 832 4, 813 132, 645 143, 867 +n. 222 years 1905-68; and the first half of the current fiscal year 1969. The previous *Less than $500 thousand. administration essentially set the frame­ NEW BUDGET (OBLIGATIONAL) AUTHORITY [Fiscal year 1970 compared to fiscal year work for the fiscal 1964 budget. And PROPOSED IN THIS BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1969] similarly, the present administration has 1970 OVER FISCAL YEAR 1969 Item Millions basically set the budget framework for (Total increase of $15,496,00~.ooo, of which Available through current action fiscal 1969. Thus the "accountable" years $11,222,000,000 involves current action oy by the Congress: of the Johnson administration, fiscally Congress and $4,274,000,000 is under per­ speaking, are fiscals 1965-69. manent law and thel'efore does not require Department of Defense (excludes current action. In addition, some $4,813,- defense share of the $2,800,­ 'Fiscal 1964 showed a budget deficit of 009,000 of cont£omplated fiscal year 1969 ooo,ooo pay increment effective $8.2 billion according to the "adminis­ supplementals would require current action July 1, 1969, listed below)----- +$3, 700 trative" budget accounting method being when submitted (rounded amounts used).) Medicaid ------+661 used at that time. 734 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 The deficit went down in the next :fis­ fiscal year 1969 is a sharp reversal from debt results from unbalanced budgets cal year 1965, to $3.4 billion. In 1966, it last year, due to two major · factors: that have to be met by borrowing to went down still further, to $2.2 billion. Stringent expenditure limitations, and cover the difference. Accumulation of We were moving rapidly toward a bal­ revenues substantially above earlier pro­ great debt in time of great stress is vir­ anced budget. jections arising from the unparalleled tually unavoidable, but piling it up-re­ But beginning in midcalendar year economic boom and enactment of the fusing to pay as we go-especially in 19"65 the war situation became increas­ surtax. times of unmatched general national ingly intense and expensive, and· largely Perhaps the major accomplishment of prosperity with the accompanying :flood as a result of the war the deficits began of revenue is a policy that many, myself to mount in fiscal 1967, running to the the last session of the Congress was the included, find unsettling. unacceptably high amount for fiscal 1968. adoption of unprecedented appropriation Despite the population explosion that and expenditure reductions and enact­ has now put the United States over the For fiscal 1967, still on the "admin­ ment of the surtax in order to help in istrative" budget basis of counting, the 200,000,000 mark, we have been accumu­ the overriding task of maintaining the lating public debt at the various levels of deficit deepened to $9.9 billion. For 1968, stability of the dollar which was in a under the new unified budget basis which government at such a rate that the over­ crisis of confidence and insecurity both all debt per capita keeps climbing. folds in the trust funds and uses cer­ at home and abroad. tain other new concepts, the deficit was State and local government spending And this last budget, for 1970, submit­ has increased sharply over the last 20 $25.2 billion. ted today by President Johnson as he Of course, Mr. Speaker, the long truth or so years-somewhat more so than leaves office, projects another budget Federal spending. So has State and local of history is that growth of the popula­ surplus-of $3.4 billion-and makes a tion and growth of the country virtually government debt. major case for a course of continued I am appending tables on per capita ordain some growth in public services, fiscal restraint. that is, over the long stretch of time. spending and debt, and a sheet from a re­ I append a capsule table of the budget cent Treasury statement, giving some This has been more or less the unvarying results for the years involved: case from the beginning. Civilian-type illumination on the matters: expenditures have constantly increased THE BALANCE OF THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEARS 1964-70 PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES-FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL in the last 5 years. !In millions of dollars: GOVERNMENTS But the war has heavily burdened re­ Fiscal years Total cent budgets. Special support costs for Old "admin- Federal State Local istrative New budget Southeast Asia operations in the 5 budget" basis basis 1940_ ------~-- - $155 $77 $35 $44 years 1965-69, as shown in today's (deficit-, (deficit-, 1946 (end of World War Fiscal year surplus+) surplus+> II) ______581 485 45 51 budget, are some $103 million for 1965; 1950 (pre-Korea) ______467 297 85 85 $6,094 million for 1966; $20,557 million 1964 ______1954 (post-Korea) ______694 484 98 111 -$8, 226 -$5,916 1961 _------907 577 155 175 for 1967; $26,839 m1111on for 1968; and 1964 ______1, 033 662 176 195 $29,192 million for 1969. For 1970, the 1965_ ------3,435 -1,618 1968 (preliminary) ______l, 444 947 247 250 1966_ ------2,251 -3, 790 :figure is shown at $25,733 million. These 1967 ------9,869 -8, 790 1968 ______(1) -25, 187 Source: Tax Foundation. sums far exceed the aggregate budget 1969 estimate ______(1) +2,391 deficit amounts for the years shown. PER CAPITA DEBT-FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL Without these war costs, in other words, Total these 5 years (1965- GOVERNMENTS 69)_ ------36,994 the budgets would be in the black assum­ 1970 estimate ______ing, of course, that there would be no (1) +3,414 Fiscal yearend Total Federal State Local changes otherwise. 1 Not available. Switch made to new budget basis .n adjoining 1940_ ------$479 $326 $27 $127 However, notwithstanding the defense column. 1946 (end of World War 11)_ 2, 037 1, 924 17 97 1950 (pre-Korea)_------1, 861 1, 702 35 125 and war costs and enlarged and enlarg­ FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL SPENDING AND DEBT 1954 (post-Korea) ______l, 925 l, 683 60 182 ing nondefense outlays, a rising tide of 1961. ------1, 988 l, 579 109 301 Mr. Speaker, all Americans generally 1964_ ------2, 111 1, 629 131 351 revenue primarily from the unparalleled have but one pocketbook, one paycheck 1968 (preliminary) ______2, 355 1, 739 179 436 general national economic boom-which from which to pay taxes to support pub­ has lasted virtually without interruption lic expenditures at all levels of govern­ Note: Gross Federal public debt and guaranteed debt on Dec. 31, 1968, as reported in the Treasury statement, was for 8 years-has brought the budget, ment. To help round out this resume, I $358,630,000,000, for a per capita equivalent on that date of under President Johnson's leadership, am including some pertinent data on our $1,773. Debt ceiling is currently $365,000,000,000; total subject to ceiling, including $3,250,000,000 of participation certificates, into balance. The budget surplus of $2.4 governmental spending and public was $361,242,000,000. billion now projected for the current debt-Federal, State, local. Increased Source: Tax Foundation.

SUMMARY OF DIRECT AND GUARANTEED DEBT ON SIGNIFICANT DATES [Based upon statement of the public debt published monthly; consequently all figures are stated as of the end of a month)

Total debt (Including interest bearing debt, matured debt on which interest has ceased and debt bearing no interest) · Direct debt Guaranteed Total direct and Date Classification (gross) debt 12 guaranteed debt Per capita a General fund balance2

WORLD WAR I $1, 282, 044, 346. 28 ------$1, 282, 044, 346. 28 $12. 36 $7 4, 216, 460. 05 26, 596, 701, 648. 01 ------26, 596, 701, 648. 01 250. 18 1, ll8, 109, 534. 75 ~~~Dec. 31,~1: 1930mL===== ______Lowest~i:~::t ~~:debt======postwar debL.------16, 026, 087, 087. 07 ------16, 026, 087' 087. 07 129. 66 306, 803, 319. 55 WORLD WAR II June 30, 1940 ______Debt preceding defense program ______42, 967, 531, 037. 68 $5, 529, 070, 655. 28 48; 496, 601, 692. 96 367. 08 1, 890, 743, 141. 34 55, 039, 819, 926. 98 6, 324, 048, 005. 28 61, 363, 867' 932. 26 458. 47 2, 319, 496, 021. 87 ~~~.. i~: mJ::::::: ~~:h~~:~a~aJ~gf_~~~~--~~=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 279, 213, 558, 897. 10 550, 810, 451. 19 279, 764, 369, 348. 29 l, 989. 75 25, 960, 900, 919. 30 June 30, 1946 ______Debt at end of year in which hostilities ceased ______269, 422, 099, 173. 26 476, 384, 859. 30 269, 898, 484, 032. 56 1, 908. 79 14, 237' 883, 295. 31 Apr. 30, 1949 ______Lowest postwar debt•------251, 530, 468, 254. 82 22, 851, 485. 16 251, 553, 319, 739. 98 1, 690. 29 3, 995, 156, 916. 79 See footnotes at end of table. January 15, 1969- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 735

SUMMARY OF DIRECT AND GUARANTEED DEBT ON SIGNIFICANT DATES-Continued [Based upon statement of the public debt published monthly; consequently all figures are stated as of the end of a month)

Total debt (Including interest bearing debt, matured debt on which interest has ceased and debt bearing no interest) Direct debt Guaranteed Total direct and Date Classification (gross) debt 12 guaranteed debt Per capita a General funa balance

SINCE KOREA June 30, 1950 ______Debt at time of opening of hostilities in Korea (hostilities $257, 357, 352, 351. 04 $19, 503, 033. 97 $257, 376, 855, 385. 01 $1,696. 74 $5, 517, 087, 691. 65 began June 24, 1950). 267, 391, 155, 979. 65 53, 969, 565. 31 267, 445, 125, 544. 96 1, 687. 90 6, 064, 343, 775. 84 8:~: ~}: m~::: ::==-fii&iiestiie_b_t(=:=::::::::======:::::::::: :: :: =::: :: : 358, 028, 625, 002. 91 601, 884, 900. 00 358, 630, 509, 902. 91 b 1, 773.17 5, 770, 062, 775. 46 344, 663, 009, 745. 18 545, 038, 100. 00 345, 208, 047, 845. 18 • l, 723. 90 7, 045, 807, 409. 15 356, 862, 640, 807. 83 603, 227, 750. 00 357, 465, 868, 557. 83 b 1, 768. 73 3, 901, 350, 448. 27 ~~~:- :r: :~t===== 8m ~ff~{~it======358, 028, 625, 002. 91 601, 884, 900. 00 358, 630, 509, 902. 91 b 1, 773. 37 5, 770, 062, 775. 46 1 Does not include securities owned by the Treasury. ~Represents the highest point of the debt at the end of any month. The highest point of the debt 21ncludes outstanding matured principal of guaranteed debt of U.S. Government agencies for on any day was on Dec. 13, 1968, when the debt was as follows: which cash to make payment is held by the Treasurer of the United States in the general fund Direct debt (gross) ______$360, 341, 363, 053. 26 balance. Guaranteed debt of U.S. Government agencies______601, 957, 800. 00 a Based upon estimates of the Bureau of the Census. 'Represents the lowest point of the debt at the end of any month following World War II. The Total direct and guaranteed debt (includes $638,516,380.10 not lowest point of the debt on any day following that war was on June 27, 1949, when the debt was as subject to statutory limitation) ______·-______360, 943, 320, 853. 26 follows: •Revised. Direct debt(gross) ______$251, 245, 889, 059. 02 b Subject to revision. Guaranteed debt of U.S. Government agencies______23, 876, 001. 12 Total direct and guaranteed debt______251, 269, 765, 060. 14

COST OF LIVING-BUYING POWER OF THE DOLLAR PURCHASING POWER OF THE DOLLAR-Continued CURRENT DATA ON GOLD STOCK AND DOLLAR CLAIMS­ Continued Mr. Speaker, the matter of inflation [In billions of dollars] 1939= 1947-49= 1957-59= and the consequent reduced buying $1. 000 $1.000 $1. 000 Gold stock power of the dollar is reflected in the (above official Government :figures in the tables 1960 ______$.469 $. 791 $. 971 required I am including herewith. 1961______.465 • 782 .96o 25 percent The consumers price index in Novem­ 1962 ______.459 • 773 .94g backing for 1963 ______.454 • 764 .937 currency ber stood at 123.4 percent of the 1957-59 1964 ______.448 • 754 .925 and for 1965 ______• 441 • 734 U.S. deposits Possible Potential average, up nearly 5 percent from a year • 910 gold before foreign shortage 1966_ ------. 428 • 720 • 884 earlier; at 151.4 percent of the 1947-49 1967 ______• 416 • 701 stock March 1965) claims of gold average; and at 254.8 percent of the • 860 1939-pre-World War II-average. 1968 January ______. 408 .687 .843 1961______$16. 9 $4.9 $20.4 $15. 5 As measured by the index, the buying February ______. . 407 .685 .840 1962 ______16.1 3. 7 21. 4 17. 7 power of the dollar was down to about 81 March ______. 405 .682 .837 1963 ______15. 6 2.8 23.1 20. 3 April ______.404 .680 .834 1964 ______15. 5 1. 8 25. 6 23. 8 cents from the 1957-59 period; down to May ______.403 .678 .831 1965 ______13. 8 14.3 25. 8 121. 5 66 cents from the 1947-49 period; and June ______.400 .674 .827 1966 ______13.2 3.2 27. 8 24. 6 down to 39 cents as compared to its 1939 July ______.399 .671 .823 1967 ______12.1 1.5 30.9 29. 4 August______.397 .668 .820 buying power. September ______.396 .667 • 818 10-year October______.394 .663 • 814 change -10.8 -9.3 +16.0 +25.3 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX November______.392 .661 • 810 1968: January _____ Source: Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, office 12. 0 1. 7 30.8 29. l All items February ____ 11. 9 1. 6 31.1 29. 5 of Financial Analysis, Jan. 6, 1969. March ______10. 7 (23) 30. 0 219. 3 April______(3) Years 1947-49 1957-59 GOLD SUPPLY, POTENTIAL DOLLAR CLAIMS May ______10.5 30. 5 20. 0 1939=100 =100 =100 10. 5 (3) 30. 8 20. 3 AGAINST IT, AND BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS June ______10. 7 (3) 30.2 19. 5 DEFICITS July ______10. 7 (3) 30. 7 20.0 1939_ ------100. 0 59. 4 48. 4 August______10. 7 (3) 31.2 20.5 1946_ ------140. 4 83. 4 68.0 Mr. Speaker, the following tabulation September ___ 10. 8 (3) 31.3 20. 5 1954_ ------193. 3 114. 8 93.6 succinctly charts the steadily deteriorat­ October'----- 10. 9 (3) 31.6 20. 7 1955_ ------192. 8 114. 5 93. 3 ing condition of our gold supply, and the 1956 ______------195. 6 116. 2 94. 7 Change, 1957 ______----- 202.4 120. 2 98. 0 reserves and possible foreign claims end of 1958_ ------207. 9 123. 5 100. 7 against it, from 1957 down to last Octo­ 1957 1959_ ------209. 8 124. 6 101. 5 October 1960_ ------213. 0 126. 5 103.1 ber-the last date for whJch complete 1968__ __ -12. 0 (3) +16.7 12 +16. 6 1961_ __ ------215. 2 127. 8 104. 2 data are available. 217. 7 129. 3 105.4 1962_ ------I also include a list of our balance of t Public Law 89- 3 approved Mar. 3, 1965, eliminated the 1963. ------220.4 131. 0 106. 7 1964_ ------223. 2 132.6 108.1 international payments of the last 19 requirement for the maintenance of reserves in gold certificates 227. 0 136. 2 109. 9 against Federal Reserve bank deposit liabilities. 1965_ ------years. It will be noted that only 2 of the 2 Public Law 90-269 approved Mar. 18, 1968, eliminated the 1966. ------233. 6 138. 8 113.1 1967 _------240.1 142. 7 116.3 19 years show a favorable balance; ac­ requirement for the maintenance of reserves in gold certificates 1968-January_ ------244.9 145. 5 118.6 cording to the President's statement in against Federal Reserve notes. February ______245. 7 146. 0 119.0 a Not applicable. March ______246.8 his state of the Union message last t Preliminary. April______146.6 119. 5 May ______247.6 147.1 119. 9 night, the calendar year 1968 closed with Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business 248.4 147.6 120. 3 Economics. June.------249. 7 148.4 120. 9 a small surplus, the first in 10 years. July ______250.9 149.1 August______121. 5 CURRENT DATA ON GOLD STOCK AND DOLLAR CLAIMS The United States ba'lance-of-payments posi­ 251. 8 149.6 121. 9 tion for the last 19 years, 1950-68 (rounded September_ ____ 252. 4 150. 0 122.2 [In billions of dollars) October______253.9 150. 9 122. 9 amounts used) November. ____ 254.8 151. 4 123. 4 Gold stock Deficit ( - ) or sur- PURCHASING POWER OF THE DOLLAR (above 1950plus<+>: ______required 1951 ______-$3, 489, 000, 000 25 percent -8, ooo, ooo 1939= 1947-49= 1957-59= backing for Years $1.000 $1. 000 $1.000 currency 1952------1953______-1, 206, 000, 000 and for -2, 184, 000, 000 U.S. deposits Possible Potential 19551954------______-1, 541, 000, 000 1939 ______gold before foreign shortage 1956 ______-1, 242, 000, 000 1946 ______$1. 000 $1. 684 $2. 066 stock March 1965) claims of gold • 712 1.199 1. 471 1957 ______-973, 000, 000 1954 ______of 1955 ______.517 .871 1. 069 End calendar 1958 ______+578, 000, 000 • 519 year- 1956 ______.873 1. 071 1959 ______-3, 365, 000, 000 1957 ______.511 .861 1. 056 19581957______------_- $22.9 $10.8 $14.9 $4.1 1960 ______-3, 870, 000, 000 1958 ______.494 .832 I. 021 20.6 8.5 15.6 7.1 -3, 901, 000, 000 1959. ______.481 .810 .994 1959 ______19.5 7.3 17. 7 10.4 1961 ______.477 .803 .985 1960 ••• ____ _ 17.8 6.1 18.8 12. 7 -2, 370, 000, 000 736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE January 1$,. 1969 The United States balance-of-payments posi­ A portion of this reduction reflects the As in the case of budget authority, the re­ tion for the last 19 years, 1950-68 (rounaea conversion to complete private ownership quired $6 billion cutback in outlays for cov­ amounts usea )-Continued of the Federal National Mortgage Associa­ ered programs is being accomplished over_ Deficit(-) or surplus ( +): tion's secondary market operations, the Fed­ and above reductions resulting from financ­ 1962 ______-$2,203,000,000 eral intermediate credit banks, and the banks ing changes associated With the conversion 1963 ______-2,671,000,000 for cooperatives. However, the $10 billlon re­ Of certain credit institutions to private own­ 1964 ______-2,800,000,000 quired reduction is being achieved over and ership. The currently estimated reduction 1965______-1,335,000,000 above these factors, and Without the need Will allow leeway in carrying out the provi­ 1966 ______-1,357,000,000 for me to establish reserves which would sions of Public Law 90-364, should unforeseen 1967 ______-3,571,000,000 result in automatic rescission of enacted increases occur in the affected programs in 1968 estimated (subject 1969 budget authority as authorized under the months ahead. the law. to revisions)------+ 150, 000, 000 Mr. Speaker, the act also contained a Mr. Speaker, another key economy Total since 1950 ____ -37, 358, 000, 000 significant provision requiring a general provision of the act required a cutback cutback in full-time permanent person­ NoTE.-Figures are computed on the of at least $6 billion in 1969 budgeted out­ nel by allowing the filling of only 75 per­ Uquidlty basis. lays. The law required the President to cent of vacancies. The provision would Source: Economic Report of the President, make the cuts in nonexempted programs Feb., 1968. mean, in round numbers, an eventual to the extent Congress, in its actions on rollback of some 115,000 employees over REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE CONTROL ACT specific spending bills, failed to do so. OF 1968 a period of time. There were -also certain Congress cut spending in specific ac­ limitations placed on part-time and tem­ Mr. Speaker, the Revenue and Expend­ tions something less than $4 billion. porary employment. iture Control Act of 1968 embodied sev­ Today's message, on the basis of the Congress exempted almost a third of eral significant economy provisions. The reestimates for 1969, shows that in the President's message contains consider­ nonexempt programs, the cutback ag­ the full-time permanent employees from able elaboration on the impact of those gregates some $8.3 billion rather than the provision. provisions. I should like to make some the $6 billion. But in areas exempted from The President does not specifically rec­ brief references at this time. the cutback, outlays for 1969 are now ommend repeal of the overall personnel It will be recalled that one provision estimated some $6 billion higher than ceiling which, as finally enacted, was related to $8 billion of rescissions of in the original budget. designed to eventually cut full-time per­ unspent, unobligated carryover balances The President makes no specific rec­ manent employment in nonexempt of funds heretofore appropriated. Spe­ ommendation about continuation of an agencies back to the June 1966 level. But cial analysis accompanying the budget overall ceiling on Federal expenditures it is clear from the message and the de­ discusses carryover balances and identi­ under which-after exempting about half tailed estimates that the budget does not fies areas of possible rescissions. But the the total-original 1969 budget expendi­ contemplate continuation of the ceiling President today says that he does not ture estimates were directed by Congress favor the rescissions; they are not, there­ beyond July 1, 1969. In the aggregate for to be cut by not less than $6 billion. It is all agencies, the budget projects an in­ fore, reflected in the budget details on clear from the message, however, that individual appropriations. the executive branch regards the overall crease of some 43,000 full-time perma­ Another provision required cutbacks ceiling approach as unsatisfactory. nent employees during fiscal 1970. in 1969 budgeted obligational authority I include an excerpt from today's budg­ According to data gathered by the staff requests of at least $10 billion. Congress et showing the figures on this: of the Joint Committee on Reduction of cut the fiscal 1969 requests in appropria­ Federal Expenditures, nearly 35,000 of BUDGET OUTLAYS IN FISCAL YEAR 1969-RELATIONSHIP tion bills last session by about $13 bil­ TO PUBLIC LAW 90-364 the 115,000 rollback objective was lion. I am including herewith a capsule achieved during the first 5 months of summary on the matter from today's [In billions] operation of the provision. message: I am including pertinent tabulations January BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR FISCAL YEAR 1969-RELA­ 1968 Current in this connection: TIONSHIP TO PUBLIC LAW 90-364 Description estimate estimate Change Estimated reduction in full time permanent [In billions] Programs excepted from Federal civilian employment, pursuant to Public Law 90-364 personnel ceiling limitation of revenue act January limitation: o/ 1968-June-November 1968 1968 Current Special support of Vietnam Description estimate estimate Change operations __ ------$26. 3 $29. 2 +$2.9 Full time permanent employment Interest__------14.4 15. 2 +o.8 limited by Revenue Act (as Veterans benefits and Programs excepted from services ______----- amended to date) : 1 Public Law 90-364 limita- 7. 3 7. 7 +o.4 tion: Social Security Act trust June 30, 1966 (target date) ____ 1, 694, 810 Special support of Viet- funds ____ ------36. 0 36.4 +o.4 June 30, 1968 (effective date)-- 1, 809, 810 nam operations ______$25. 4 $28. 0 +$2.6 Old-age and survivors insurance ______----- (24. 6) (24. 6) (+O. l) November 30, 1968 (latest in- Interest_ ___ ------14.4 15. 2 +o.8 Disability insurance _____ (1)- Veterans benefits and (2. 6) (2. 6) Health insurance ______(6. 2) formation) ------l, 773, 062 services ______7.8 7.5 -0.3 ~5. 8) ~+o. 5) Reduction in full time permanent Social Security Act trust Unemployment insurance 3.1) (3. 0) -0.1) funds ______41.8 42.6 Tennessee Valley Authority employment required by Reve- +o.9 (portion nnanced from Old:age ~nd sur- nue Act (as amended to date)__ 115, 000 v1vors insurance __ (27. 2) (27. 8) (+O. 7) power proceeds and borrowing) ______--- 0.1 0.1 (!)+ Reduction in full time permanent Disability ·nsurance_ (3. 7) (3. 8) ~+O. l) Health insurance ____ (6. 8) (7. 3) +0.5) Commodity Credit Corpo- employment limited by Reve­ Unemployment in- ration (price support and related programs) __ nue Act, in first five months surance ______(4.1) (3. 8) (-0.3) 2.8 3.6 '+0.9 Commodity Credit Cor- Public assistance grants to of application-June-November States (including medic- poration (price sup- 1968 ------34, 748 port and related aid) ______------___ 5. 7 6.2 2+0.6 Aid to schools in federally Further reduction in full time per- programs) ___ ------3.3 4.8 +1.6 Public assistance grants impacted areas (special manent employment llmited to States (including 1968 supplemental pay- ments made in 1969) ______0.1 +0.1 by Revenue Act required to Medicaid) ______5.8 6.4 +o.7 bring employment down to its Subtotal excepted Subtotal, excepted June 30, 1966 level ------80,252 programs ______92. 6 98.6 programs ______98. 4 104. 6 +6.1 +6.o Remainder--eovered by Remainder--eovered by Public Law 9G-364 · 1 Excludes nearly one-third of the total Public Law 90-364 limi- limitation ______----- tation. ______103. 3 90.1 -13.2 93.5 85. 1 -8.3 full time permanent Federal employment ex­ empt from liinltation of the Revenue Act, 186.1 183. 7 -2.4 Totat______------201. 7 194. 6 -7.1 Total. _____ ------totaling approximately 829,000 in November 1968 (presidential appointees, postal field For the programs affected by the limita­ i Less than $50,000,000. tion required under Public La.w 90-364, 2 Outlays exceeding the January 1968 estimates by more service, FBI, FAA Air Trame Control, TVA than $907,000,000 for farm price supports and $560,000,0~ power activities, VA, and DOD activities in budget authority is now estimated to be for public assistance grants are not excepted from the Public $13.2 billion under last January's estimate. Law 90-364 limitation. Southeast Asia). January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 737

FULL-TIME PERMANENT CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, JUNE-NOVEMBER 1968 (WITH RECONCILIATION TO TOTAL EMPLOYMENn- sHOW· ING ESTIMATED- REDUCTIONS PURSUANT TO REVENUE ACT OF 1968

November November Major agencies June 1968 1968 Change Major agencies June 1968 1968 Change

Full-time permanent employment limited by Revenue Full-time permanent employment exempt from Revenue 1 Act a______------820, 634 829, 293 +8, 659 Ac1~ r i culture ______.r__ 85, 390 ~~· ~~~ -::~~ Commerce______25, 893 , Total full-time permanent employment ______2, 630, 444 2, 604, 355 -26, 089 Other than 'full-time permanent employment (recon· Defense: 32, 003 31, 341 -662 ciliation to total): e Part-time and temporary ______~i~ i~af~nf~~~trons_~ ======1, 14s, 932· 1, 129, 912 -~~_.· ~~ ~ 269, 885 238, 459 } Health, Education, and Welfare ______104, 700 101, 319 Casual (intermittent) ______- -- _------77, 643 Housing and Urban Development______~N~~ ~ri: m -6284 54 Summer youth __ __ ------___ ------~u~g - ---- ~~~~~ - Interior______, 5. 18, 551 2 + 296 Justice ______189 76225 9 452 -310 Grand total 7 _____ ------­ 3, 019, 312 2, 915, 580 -103, 732 Labor ______• 4'953 -109 Post Office______22;2165 072 21;443 -833 RECAPITULATION stateAgeiic}i-iorl iliernatioriaf oev-ei ciilffieiiC ======11, 5so ls, 419 -1, 141 Full-time permanent employment limited by Revenue Peace Corps______1 343 1 289 -4~~ Act: Transportation ______21: 262 26: 823 _ Military functions, DOD ______1, 146, 982 1, 129, 912 -17, 070 8 8 958 Civilian agencies ___ _------662, 828 645, 150 -17,678 }: -63 !~~~i~~ilergy -coiii-riiissiciil ======~' m rn~ SubtotaL ___ ------______- - _- - General Services Administration ----- .--.----~------31 :, 453 ~~.· =~~ 1, 809, 810 1, 775, 062 -34, 748 National Aeronautics and Space Admin1strat1on __ __ 32 469 m Full-time permanent employment exempt from Revenue 3 Veterans Administration ------M~~ ------4,-319- -~m Act______------820, 6:34 829, 293 +8,659 Tennessee Valley Authority ______·, 10,370 -261 U.S. Information Agency ______10 631 _ Total full-time permanent employment______2, 630, 444 2, 604, 355 -26, 089 Other than full-time permanent employmenL ______388, 868 311 , 225 -77, 643 Subtotal, major agencies______1, 7~g,' m 1, 716, 96~ -~~: ~ Grand total__ ------3, 019, 312 2, 915, 580 -103, 732 All other agencies •------___:_ ___5_8,_0_9 _____ Total, limited by Revenue Act______1, 809, 810 1, 775, 062 -34, 748

1 Law directed reduction in covered employment by attrition (by filling 3 out of 4 vacancies) e For reconciliation purposes only. Figure~ are gross _an~ r~flect r~ductions due to seasonal until level of June 30, 1966, is reached. . factors rather than direct application of the Revenue A~t hm1tatlons (which h_old such employment, 2 Increase in Justice due to reassignment of vacancies by the Budget D1rechtor. h d .t J with certain exemptions, to its level in the correspond mg month of the prevl?US year). a Veterans' Adm inistration exemption is effective when VA employment . as reac e 1s . ~ne 7 Totals reflect official reporting of actual Federal employment.. To recon~rle personnel presen­ 1966 level. As of that time, under the law, VA is ~xempt !rom further reduction under the attrit10.n tations in the 1970 budget document (p. 23 of Message and Special Analysis I) to actual e_mploy· formula. Figures above for VA reflect the reduction required by law; exempted VA employment 1s ment the following major adjustments should be noted : For June 30_. 1968, budg~t figures include included in the total exempt from the act. . . A th ·t h" h · 42 000 full-time permanent civilian technicians of the Army and Air Force l'(at1onal Guard, and • Partially estimated Excludes employment of National Capital Housing u on Y w 1cd ·~ ~o exclude temporary employment of 61,653 summer youth and 6,756 merchant seamen. Ion er reported as Federal employment. Includes employment of the Fed~r~I Reser.ve Boar , e - eraf Deposit Insurance c~rp~ration, a_nd Public Land Law Review Comm1ss1on, which the Budget Source: Material is partially estimated and bas~d on fig_ures info_rmally fur_ni~hed by the Bureau Bureau has not included m its reporting under the Revenue Act . . . (b d of the Budget. Figures also based on and reconciled to Civil Service Comm1ssron figures on total o Statutory exemptions in effect as of . November 1968 include pres1dent1al appomt~e~ . Y an executive branch employment with consent of Senate), postal field service, FAA a1~ traffic control, .FBI, TVA power actlv1t1es, and, with certain qualifications, VA and DOD personnel m Southeast Asia. coNcLusroN tion; and with the budget burdened by NASA APOLLO 8 AWARDS Mr. Speaker, if I may briefly recapitu- the necessities of national defense and (Mr. CASEY asked and was given per­ security, great fiscal prudence would be late a few things: the wise course. mission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex­ The President's budget Points the way 1 would therefore hope that we will to a balancing of income and outgo. bend every effort to reduce expenses traneous matter.) The incoming administration will want wherever reasonably possible, and at all Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, in my re­ to review the budget and come in with its costs, in most instances at least, do no marks of yesterday, I paid tribute to recommendations. We will want to have less than hold the line on the budget. the crew of the Apollo 8 and the many them. The Committee on Appropriations be- dedicated people who made this success­ But bud.gets are, in the last analysis, gins preliminary consideration of the ful flight possible. somewhat advisory only. Congress has portions of the budget committed to it There are thousands of men and the final responsibility, the final say, with a general hearing tomorrow, with women in NASA, the Department of De­ where revenues and appropriations are the secretary of the Treasury and the Di­ fense, and private industry who, work­ involved. rector of the Budget. This will be in the ing as a team, have built our great pro­ The budget has two sides.-income and nature of a general familiarization with gram in space. Many of these people are outgo. It involves the work of many com- the overall features of this budget, which never known. Their efforts do not attract mittees and all Members. is subject to review and amendment by the headlines, but each and every in­ There are some $12.4 billions of dol- the incoming administration. dividual had played an important part lars, more or less, that this budget as- In the meantime, we would welcome which led to the successful flight of sumes will derive from tax and user any constructive suggestions that would Apollo 8. charge legislation not yet enacted. That be helpful in connection with the busi- Not all can be individually noted, but is for consideration by the Congress. ness at hand. it was very :fitting that the 74 individuals Some $38 billion of this budget must I might add this closing note. The Joint which I mentioned in my remarks yes­ run the gauntlet twice-once through Committee on Reduction of Federal Ex­ terday receive special recognition, not the authorization bill process out of vari- penditures last year inaugurated a con­ only in their individual right, but also ous legislative committees, and then the. gressional budget scorekeeping procedure as recognition for the people who work appropriations process. There are many to keep tabs currently on congressional with them. opPQrtunities to take cold, hard, critical actions on all phases of the budget-the Mr. Speaker, so that my colleagues looks at these requests for new obligating appropriation bills, revenue measures, may know the recipients of the various awards and share with me the pride of and appropriating authority. legislative bill actions having budgetary their accomplishments, I attach a list Above all, perhaps, we-should heed the impact, backdoor provisions, et cetera. - of these 74 dedicated persons and indus­ long history of initial budget outlooks.- Periodic "scorecard" reports were pre­ tries: they often turn out for the worse. For pared by the staff and made available to NASA APOLLO 8 AWARDS a variety of reasons, there is often a all Members of Congress, committees, to The DSM, NASA's top award, went to Dr. shortfall of revenues and an excess of the press, and others interested. Kurt H. Debus, director, Kennedy Space expenditures over the first projections. Timely, concise, comprehensive, fac­ Center, Fla.; Dr. Robert R. Gilruth, director, It is prudent to hedge against these un- tual tallies on what's happening-to the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston; Chris­ certainties and· try to err on the side of budget in all its ramifications as it moves topher C. Kraft, Jr., director of flight opera­ caution so as to avoid the fiscal shoals on through the congressional review and de­ tions, MSC; George M. Low, manager, Apollo which we found ourselves Just last year. cision processes can be helpful. We hope program office, MSC; Dr. George E. Mueller, associate administrator for manned space Especially in the presently overheated. to continue this service and improve its fiigbt, NASA Headquarters; Rocco A. Petrone, inflationary and tight monetary situa- usefulness this session. director of launch operations, KSC; Lt. Gen. CXV-47-Part 1 73.S CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE January 15, 1969 Samuel c. Phillips, Apollo program director, Clauser, Lee DuBridge, Leo Goldberg, Harry bill contains three additional provisions. Hq.; Dr. Eberhard F. M. Rees, deputy director Hess, T. William Lambe, Gordon J. F. Mac­ Title I pertains to criminal investigations (technical), Marshall Space Flight Center, Donald, William G. Sheperd, William Shock­ Huntsville, Ala.; Arthur Rudolph, manager, ley, Wi111am Sweet, Charles Townes, John and, in particular, to the execution of Saturn V program office, MSFC; William C. Whinnery and George D. Zuidema. search warrants. It is, in effect, a Fed­ Schneider, manager, Apollo Applications pro­ eral "no knock" statute permitting forc­ gram, Hq.; Gerald M. Truszynski, associate ible entry to execute such warrants un­ administrator for tracking and data acquisi­ ANTICRIME LEGISLATION der circumstances where present require­ tion, Hq.; and Dr. Wernher Von Braun, di­ ments that the officers formally state rector, MSFC. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a identity and purpose would be useless, Those receiving Exceptional Service Medals previous order of the House, the gentle­ counterproductive or dangerous to the were: Donald A. Arabian, MSC; Rear Adm. man from Virginia

Forces in Vietnam; to the Committee on transmitted to the Congress in the budget By Mr. BROYHILL o.f Virginia: Armed Services. for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970; R.R. 3722. A bill for the relief of John S. By Mr. ASHLEY: to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Attinello; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 249. Joint resolution authorizing Service. By . Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia (by the President to proclaim annually the first By Mr. FEIGHAN: request): week in March as "National Housing for the H. Res. 129. Resolution, investigatio~ of co­ H.R. 3723. A bill for the relief of Robert G. Physically Handicapped Week"; to the Com.; operative associations; to the Committee on Smith; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mi ttee on the Judiciary. Rules. H.R. 3724. A bill for the relief of William By Mr. FEIGHAN: H. Res. 130. Resolution expressing the sense L. Wilde; to the Cominittee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 250. Joint resolution authorizing of the House of Representatives with respect By Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania: the President of the United States of America to the establishment of permanent peace H.R. 3725. A bill for the relief of Fakh­ to proclaim September 17, 1969, "General von in the Middle East; to the Committee on reddin Entezary, M.D.; to the Committee on Steuben Memorial Day" for the observance Foreign Affairs. the Judiciary. and commemoration of the birth of Gen. By Mr. GARMATZ: By Mr. CELLER: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben; to the Com­ H. Res. 131. Resolution authorizing the H.R. 3726. A bill for the relief of Generosa mittee on the Judiciary. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisher­ Fusco; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MINISH: ies to conduct certain studies and investiga­ By Mr. COHELAN: H .J. Res. 251. Joint resolution to authorize tions; to the Committee on Rules. H.R. 3727. A bill to allow the Sierra Club the President to proclaim the last Friday of H. Res. 132. R esolution to provide funds to retain its status as a tax-exempt organiza­ April of each year as "National Arbor Day"; for the expenses of the studies and investiga­ tion until its right to this status has been to the Committee on the Judiciary. tions authorized by House Resolution 131; adjudicated; to the Committee on Ways By Mr. MURPHY of New York (for to the Commit tee on House Administration. and Means. himself, Mr. ABERNETHY, Mr. LEG­ By Mr. GROSS (for himself, Mr. By Mr. CONTE: GETT, Mr. HALPERN, Mr. OTTINGER, SCHWENGEL, Mr. KYL, Mr. MAYNE, H.R. 3728. A bill for the relief of Renee Mr. KING, Mr. ST GERMAIN, Mr. CON­ Mr. SCHERLE, and Mr. HALL) : R aymonde Spielmann Bee; to the Committee YERS, Mr. VIGORITO, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. H . Res. 133. Resolution disapproving the on the Judiciary. ADDABBO, Mr. TIERNAN, Mr. DERWIN­ recommendations of the President with re­ H.R. 3729. A bill for the relief of Osvaldo SKI, Mr. HULL, Mr. BOLAND, Mr. spect to the rates of pay of Federal officials Giaicomello, Gabriella Giacornello, and Ti­ NEDZI, Mr. WRIGHT, Mr. SLACK, Mr. transmitted to the Congress in the budget ziana Giacomello; to the Committe,e on the FARBSTEIN, Mr. ASHLEY, Mr. POLLOCK, for the fl.seal year ending June 30, 1970; to Judiciary. Mr. YATRON, Mr. SISK, Mr. SAYLOR, the Committee on Post Office and Civil By Mr. CRAMER: and Mr. CORMAN) : Service. H .R. 3730. A bill for the relief of Mercedes H.J. Res. 252. Joint resolution to direct the Arcangeli; to the Committee on the Judi­ Federal Communications Commission to ciary. conduct a. comprehensive study and investi­ By Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin: gation of the effects of the display of vio­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS lence in television programs, and for other H.R. 3731. A bill for the relief of Miss Miya­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private ko Kohori; to the Committee on the Judi­ purposes; to the Committee on Interstate bills and resolutions were introduced and ciary. and Foreign Commerce. severally referred as follows: By Mr. MURPHY of New York (for By Mr. DELANEY: himself, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. HICKS, Mr. By Mr. ADDABBO: H.R. 3732. A bill for the relief of Constan­ PODELL, Mr. HOWARD, Mr. COWGER, H .R. 3707. A bill for the relief of Angelina tin Andreopoulos; to the Committee on the Mr. McCLURE, Mr. SIKES, Mr. ADAMS, and Bartolomeo Capolongo; to the Commit­ Judiciary. Mr. ESHLEMAN, Mr. BURLISON of Mis­ tee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3733. A bill for the relief of Felix souri, Mr. BIESTER, Mr. THOMPSON Of H.R. 3708. A bill for the relief of Gaetana Angelis Kempadoo, Virgirrla Kempadoo, and New Jersey, Mrs. SULLIVAN, Mr. Cefalu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Sharon Virginia and Randolph Raymond PICKLE, Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON, Mr. H .R. 3709. A bill for the relief of Teresa Kempadoo; to the Committee on the Judi­ GARMATZ, Mr. DoNOHUE, Mr. ZWACH, Carratello Cefalu; to the Committee on the ciary. Mr. WYMAN, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. Judiciary. H.R. 3734. A bill for the relief of Jamie KYROS, Mr. CONABLE, Mr. RANDALL, H .R. 3710. A bill for the relief of Giovanni Ohuntianlay Sly; to the Committee on the and Mr. MONAGAN) : Nardulli, also known as Juan Nardulli, and Judiciary. H.J. Res. 253. Joint resolution to direct the his wife, Antonia Nardulli, and their minor By Mr. DONOHUE: Federal Communications Commission to con­ child, Anna. Nardulli; to the Committee on H.R. 3735. A bill for the relief of George duct a comprehensive study and investiga­ the Judiciary. P. Panagiotopoulos; to the Committee on the tion of the effects of the display of violence H.R. 3711. A bill for the relief of Maria Judiciary. in television programs, and for other pur­ Vallone; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. FASCELL: poses; to the Committee on Interstate and By Mr. ANNUNZIO: H.R. 3736. A bill for the relief of Dandolo Foreign Commerce. H.R. 3712. A bill for the relief of Athanasios Frati; to the Committee on the JudiciM'y. By Mr. MURPHY of New York (for Belesiotis; to the Committee on the Judici­ By Mr. FEIGHAN: himself, Mr. MOORHEAD, Mr. FULTON ary. H.R. 3737. A bill for the relief of Juliet L. Of Tennessee, Mr. RAILSBACK, Mr. By Mr. ASHLEY: and Renato M. Bosita; to the Committee on MATSUNAGA, Mr. GALLAGHER, Mr. H.R. 3713. A bill for the relief of Mrs. the Judiciary. WINN, Mr. ScoTT, Mr. MILLER of Cal­ Setsuko McFellin; to the Cammittee on the H.R. 3738. A bill for the relief of Dr. Ruben ifornia., Mr. BUTTON, Mr. BINGHAM, Judiciary. D. Bunag; to the Committee on the Judi­ Mrs. MINK, Mr. WYDLER, Mr. HATHA­ By Mr. BARRETT: ciary. WAY, Mr. HORTON, Mr. FALLON, and H.R. 3714. A bill for the relief of Vittorino H.R. 3739. A bill for the relief of Jose Mr. PRICE of Illinois): Brunelli; to the Committee on the Judici­ Sanchez Tan; to the Committee on the Judi­ H .J. Res. 254. Joint resolution to direct ary. ciary. the Federal Communications Commission to By Mr. BRASCO: By Mr. FISH: conduct a comprehensive study and investi­ H.R. 3715. A bill for the relief of Leonardo H.R. 3740. A bill for the relief of Ox. gation of the effects of the display of violence Balistreri, his wife, Rosa Balistreri, and their Stephen Shung-Tsit Chan; to the Committee in television programs, and for other pur­ children, Elvira and Silvana; to the Com­ on the Judiciary. poses; to the Committee on Interstate and mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. GRAY: Foreign Commerce. H.R. 3716. A bill for the relief of Felice H .R. 3741. A bill for the relief of Miss Car­ By Mr. YATRON: Esposito; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mela Giordano; to the Committee on the H.J. ttes. 255. Joint resolution creating a H.R. 3717. A bill for the relief of Salvatore Judiciary. Federal Committee on Nuclear Development Passalaqua; to the Committee on the Judi­ . H.R. 3742. A bill for the relief of Aspasia to review and reevaluate the existing civil­ ciary. Kostantinos Longovitis; to the Committee on ian nuclear program of the United States; H.R. 3718. A bill for the relief of Girolamo the Judiciary. to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Sassano; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HALPERN: By Mr. BARRETT (for himself, Mr. By Mr. BROTZMAN: H.R. 3743. A bill for the relief of Evena NIX, Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania, Mr. H .R. 3719. A bill for the relief of Dr. Alfonzo Campbell; to the Committee on the Judi­ En.BERG, and Mr. GREEN Of Penn­ Z. Valle, his wife, Concepcion Cadiz Valle, ciary. sylvania): and their son, Mario Valle; to the Committee By Mr. HELSTOSKI: H. Con. Res. 87. Concurrent resolution ex­ on the Judiciary. · H.R. 3744. A bill for the relief of Adelina pressing the sense of Congress concerning cer­ By Mr. BROWN of California: Gentiluomo; to the Cominittee on the Judi­ tain proposed new CATV rules; to the Com­ H.R. 3720. A bill for the relief of Eriinda ciary. . mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. De Los Santos; to the Committee on the. H.R. 3745. A bill for the relief of Vincenzo By Mr. ABERNETHY: Judiciary. Trem.aterra; to the Committee on the Judi­ H. Res. 128. A resolution disapproving the H.R. 3721. A b!ll for the relief of Jesus ciary. recommendations of the President with re­ Castro Gonzalez; to the Committee on the H .R. 3746. A bill for the relief of Luigi Tur­ spect to the rates of pay of Federal officials Judiciary. naturi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. January 15, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 743 By Mr. JOELSON: H.R. 3759. A bill for the relief of Ferrum By Mr. SCHEUER: H.R. 3747. A b1ll for the relief of Fernando Trading Co., Inc.; to the Committee on the H.R. 3771. A bill for the relief of Mary Lou Carreira Martins; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Joseph; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. H.R. 3760. A bill for the relief of Clarence By Mr. TALCOTT: By Mr. KOCH: Nuckols; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3772. A bill for the relief of Mrs. H.R. 3748. A bill for the relief of Lourdes H.R. 3761. A bill for the relief of Capt. Nguong Thi Tran (formerly Nguyen Thi P. Manalota; to the Committee on the Judi­ Bruce E. Wiita, U.S. Air Force; to the Com­ Nguong, A13707-473D/3); to the Committee ciary. mittee on the Judiciary. on the Judiciary. H.R. 3749. A bill for the relief of Zofia By Mr.PIKE: By Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia: Zieciak; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3762. A bill for the relief of Antonio H.R. 3773. A bill for the relief of Tuncer By Mr. MINISH: and Adelina Pirozzolo, and their two chil­ Someren and Mrs. Ayten Ozdil Someren; to H.R. 3750. A bill for the relief of Ubaldo dren, Marino and Marco Pirozzolo; to the the Committee on the Judiciary. Angelo Marino; to the Committee on the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WILLIAMS: Judiciary. By Mr.REES: H.R. 3774. A bill for the relief of Sa Cha By Mr. MORGAN: H.R. 3763. A bill for the relief of Gerardo Bai; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3751. A b1ll for the relief of Wong Caballero-Goyeneche; to the Committee on H.R. 3775. A bill for the relief of Lt. Col. Kwai Ming; to the Committee on the Judi­ the Judiciary. Samuel J. Cole, U.S. Army (retired), to the ciary. H.R. 3764. A bill for the relief of Ofelia Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MURPHY of Illinois: De Veyra; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WYMAN: H.R. 3752. A b1ll for the relief of Maria H.R. 3765. A bill for the relief of Mr. and H.R. 3776. A bill for the relief of Rajkumar Kovac; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mrs. Chung Jin Kim; to the Committee on Jain; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MURPHY of New York: the Judiciary. H.R. 3777. A bill for the relief of Demetrius H.R. 3753. A bill for the relief of Anna Di­ H.R. 3766. A bill for the relief of Miss Eliza­ Theodore Macris; to the Committee on the stefano; to the Committee on the Judiciary. beth P. Landman; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3754. A bill for the relief of Guiseppe Judiciary. Neri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 3767. A bill for the relief of Mohammed PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 3755. A bill for the relief of Calogero Aslam A. R. Munjee; to the Committee on and Maria Piro; to the Committee on the the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Judiciary. H.R. 3768. A bill for the relief of Byung and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H.R. 3756. A bill for the relief of Guiller­ Yuk Yu and Myoung Ja Yu; to the Commit­ and referred as follows: mina Pulgar; to the Committee on the Judi­ tee on the Judiciary. 29. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Henry ciary. By Mr. ROYBAL: Stoner, Portland, Oreg., relative to reduction By Mr. OTTINGER: H.R. 3769. A b1ll for the relief of Miss Bet­ of the U.S. public debt; to the Committee on H.R. 3757. A b1ll for the relief of Giuseppe tina Woon Sum Yau; to the Committee on Appropriations. Meli; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Judiciary. 30. Also, petition of the Gushikawa City By Mr. PEPPER: By Mr. SCHADEBERG: Assembly, Okinawa, Ryuku Islands, relative H.R. 3758. A bill to authorize and direct the H .R. 3770. A bill authorizing the President to removal of B-52 bombers from Okinawa; President to award the Medal for Merit to of the United States to award Congressional to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Charles H. Payne in recognition of his serv­ Medals of Honor to Astronauts Frank Bor­ 31. Also, petition of Gordon Levon Dollar, ices in the development of the "jeep"; to the man, James A. Lovell, Jr., and William A. Springfield, Mo., relative to redress of griev­ Committee on Armed Services. Anders; to the Committee on Armed Services. ances; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

SENATE-Wednesday, January 15, 1969 (Legislative day of Friday, January 10, 1969) The Senate met at 12 meridian, on REPORT ON FOREIGN ASSISTANCE tion and establish farm credit systems, the expiration of the recess, and was PROGRAM-MESSAGE FROM THE and provided technical assistance, fer­ called to order by the President pro PRESIDENT tilizer, pesticides and tools that farmers tempore. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ need to take full advantage of the new The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward fore the Senate the following message "miracle" seeds. L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Many less developed nations are now prayer: from the President of the United States, establishing family planning programs. which, with the accompanying report, During fiscal 1968 the Agency for In­ Eternal Father, we thank Thee for this was referred to the Committee on For­ ternational Development committed $35 good land which Thou hast given us for eign Relations: million to help them carry out these our heritage, for it is Thine and not our programs. This was nine times more own. Teach us the invincibility of good­ To the Congress of the United States: I am proud to transmit the Annual Re­ than AID devoted to population pro­ ness and justice and mercy, and, by the grams during the previous year. strength which comes from Thee, in all port on the Foreign Assistance Program for Fiscal Year 1968. This report records the continuing our daily duties to practice the admoni­ concentration of American aid in rela­ tion of the Apostle, "Be not overcome of The year's most significant develop­ ment was the sharpened focus of our aid tively few countries where it can be most evil but overcome the evil with good." effectively used to help others help In the Redeemer's name. Amen. program on the priority problems of food and population. themselves. Fifteen nations accounted During the 12 months covered by this for 84 percent of total economic com­ mitments by AID during the year. They THE JOURNAL report, major breakthroughs in food pro­ duction occurred in the less developed were Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask countries. Republic, India, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, unanimous consent that the Journal of -Record harvests were achieved in Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, the proceedings of Tuesday, January 14, Pakistan, Turkey, and the Philip­ Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. 1969, be approved. pines. In India food grain harvests Another country, Iran, achieved self­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ jumped to nearly 100 million tons, support during the fiscal year and the out objection, it is so ordered. 10 percent above the previous record. U.S. AID mission there was formally -Total food output in the developing closed. countries rose 7 percent, the largest Among the most helpful signs of our MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT increase on record. times are the breakthroughs being Messages in writing from the President United States economic aid played a made by the less developed countries in of the United States were communicated major role in this Green Revolution. Our food production, and the programs they to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one of his programs encouraged more effective farm have launched in the field of family secretaries. price policies, helped to extend irriga- planning.