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INTERNACIONALIZACE OBCHODNÍCH AKTIVIT a JEJÍ AKTÉŘI: PŘÍPAD RHK BRNO Internationalization of Trade and Its Actors: the Case of Regional Chamber of Commerce Brno

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INTERNACIONALIZACE OBCHODNÍCH AKTIVIT a JEJÍ AKTÉŘI: PŘÍPAD RHK BRNO Internationalization of Trade and Its Actors: the Case of Regional Chamber of Commerce Brno Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Studijní obor: Veřejná ekonomika a správa INTERNACIONALIZACE OBCHODNÍCH AKTIVIT A JEJÍ AKTÉŘI: PŘÍPAD RHK BRNO Internationalization of trade and its actors: The case of Regional Chamber of Commerce Brno Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Autor: Mgr. et Mgr. Jiří NAVRÁTIL, Ph.D. Bc. Tereza DOHNALOVÁ Brno, 2017 Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Tereza Dohnalová Název diplomové práce: Internacionalizace obchodních aktivit a její aktéři: Případ RHK Brno Název práce v angličtině: Internationalization of trade and its actors: The case of Regional Chamber of Commerce Brno Katedra: Veřejné ekonomie Vedoucí diplomové práce: Mgr. et Mgr. Jiří Navrátil, PhD Rok obhajoby: 2017 Anotace Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou regionalizace a globalizace obchodních vztahů. V práci jsou nejprve popsány výše zmíněné fenomény z pohledu literatury. Dále jsou přiblíženi aktéři světového obchodu a vztahy mezi nimi, a to jak na globalní úrovni, tak na úrovni ČR. Poté, co je čtenář uveden do dané problematiky, následuje praktická část, která má formu případové studie provedené na vybrané instituci, kterou je Regionální hospodářská komora Brno. V praktické části je provedena analýza činnosti zahraničního oddělení RHK Brno v období 2005-2015. Realizované aktivity týkající se internacionalize jsou rozděleny podle geografických oblastí, kam směřují. Na základě této analýzy jsou vyvozeny závěry, týkající se převládající tendence-regionalizační či globalizační, zhodnocení situace v kontextu domácí i evropské zahraničně-obchodní politiky a případná doporučení. Annotation The diploma thesis focuses on regionalization and globalization of international trade. The two phenomenons are firstly described in the context of existing literature. After that, the participants of international trade and the relations among them are examined, both on the global and national level. Once the reader is familiar with the issue and the circumstances, the field work is presented. It is a case study carried out at the chosen institution-Regional Chamber of Commerce Brno. The case study consist of an analysis of the activities of the International relations department realized in 2005-2015. The activities are sorted according to the region and country. Conclusions about the prevailing tendency-either regionalization or globalization-are made based on the analysis. The situation is evaluated in the context of national as well as european international trade policies. Klíčová slova Mezinárodní obchod, internacionalizace, regionalizace, globalizace, malé a střední podniky, Hospodářská komora, zahraničně obchodní politika Keywords International trade, internationalization, regionalization, globalization, small and medium entreprises, Chamber of commerce, international trade policy Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci Internacionalizace obchodních aktivit a její aktéři: Případ RHK Brno vypracovala samostatně pod vedením Mgr. et Mgr. Jiřího Navrátila, PhD. a uvedla v ní všechny použité literární a jiné odborné zdroje v souladu s právními předpisy, vnitřními předpisy Masarykovy univerzity a vnitřními akty řízení Masarykovy univerzity a Ekonomicko-správní fakulty MU. V Brně dne 8. května 2017 vlastnoruční podpis autora Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala panu Mgr. et Mgr. Jiřímu Navrátilovi, PhD. za cenné připomínky a odborné rady, kterými přispěl k vypracování této diplomové práce. Dále děkuji Regionální hospodářské komoře Brno za poskytnuté materiály a konzultace. OBSAH ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1 AKTUÁLNÍ TENDENCE VE SVĚTOVÉM OBCHODU: GLOBALIZACE VS REGIONALIZACE 15 1.1 GLOBALIZACE A REGIONALIZACE MEZINÁRODNÍCH OBCHODNÍCH VZTAHŮ V LITERATUŘE .................... 15 1.2 AKTUÁLNÍ TENDENCE VE SVĚTOVÉM OBCHODU: .................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Globalizace .................................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.2 Regionalizace ................................................................................................................................. 19 1.3 GLOBALIZACE NEBO REGIONALIZACE? ................................................................................................... 24 1.4 EU A REGIONALIZAČNÍ VS. GLOBALIZAČNÍ TENDENCE ........................................................................... 25 1.5 ČR A REGIONALIZAČNÍ VS. GLOBALIZAČNÍ TENDENCE ........................................................................... 27 2 AKTÉŘI ZAHRANIČNÍHO OBCHODU ................................................................................................. 32 2.1 VZTAHY MEZI SUBJEKTY MEZINÁRODNÍCH OBCHODNÍCH VZTAHŮ: REALISMUS VS. KOMPLEXNÍ INTERDEPENDENCE ............................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.1 Realismus ....................................................................................................................................... 33 2.1.2 Komplexní interdependence ........................................................................................................... 33 2.2 AKTÉŘI MEZINÁRODNÍCH OBCHODNÍCH VZTAHŮ .................................................................................... 34 2.2.1 Mezinárodní organizace a instituce ............................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 Stát ................................................................................................................................................. 36 2.2.3 Firmy .............................................................................................................................................. 37 3 PŘÍPAD ČR: ZAHRANIČNĚ OBCHODNÍ VZTAHY A OBCHODNÍ POLITIKA ........................... 39 3.1 ČR A MEZINÁRODNÍ SUBJEKTY ............................................................................................................... 39 3.1.1 Světová obchodní organizace (WTO) ............................................................................................. 39 3.1.2 Další mezinárodní organizace ....................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3 EU .................................................................................................................................................. 41 3.2 OBCHODNÍ POLITIKA ČR A AKTÉŘI NA NÁRODNÍ ÚROVNI ....................................................................... 45 3.2.1 Obchodní politika ČR..................................................................................................................... 45 3.3 FIRMY ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.3.1 Problémy exportérů ....................................................................................................................... 50 3.3.2 Vztahy mezi podniky a institucemi ................................................................................................. 51 3.4 SHRNUTÍ ................................................................................................................................................. 52 4 DATA A METODY ..................................................................................................................................... 53 4.1 ZDŮVODNĚNÍ VÝBĚRU INSTITUCE ........................................................................................................... 53 4.2 DATA ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 4.3 METODY ................................................................................................................................................. 54 5 PŘÍPADOVÁ STUDIE: REGIONÁLNÍ HOSPODÁŘSKÁ KOMORA BRNO ................................... 56 5.1 POPIS AKTÉRA: HOSPODÁŘSKÁ KOMORA ČR (HK ČR) .......................................................................... 56 5.1.1 Regionální hospodářská komora Brno (RHK Brno) ...................................................................... 57 5.2 POPIS KONTEXTU .................................................................................................................................... 61 5.2.1 Obchodní politika ČR..................................................................................................................... 61 5.2.2 Operační programy a politika EU ................................................................................................. 63 5.2.3 Projekty RHK Brno ........................................................................................................................ 64 5.3 ANALÝZA ČINNOSTI RHK BRNO ............................................................................................................ 65 5.3.1 Rozdělení aktivit podle zemí ........................................................................................................... 66 5.3.2 Rozdělení aktivit podle regionů ...................................................................................................... 68 5.3.3 Vývoj směrovaní aktivit podle světových regionů v daném
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