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ORIGINS of the PALESTINE MANDATE by Adam Garfinkle
NOVEMBER 2014 ORIGINS OF THE PALESTINE MANDATE By Adam Garfinkle Adam Garfinkle, Editor of The American Interest Magazine, served as the principal speechwriter to Secretary of State Colin Powell. He has also been editor of The National Interest and has taught at Johns Hopkins University’s School for Advanced International Studies (SAIS), the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford College and other institutions of higher learning. An alumnus of FPRI, he currently serves on FPRI’s Board of Advisors. This essay is based on a lecture he delivered to FPRI’s Butcher History Institute on “Teaching about Israel and Palestine,” October 25-26, 2014. A link to the the videofiles of each lecture can be found here: http://www.fpri.org/events/2014/10/teaching-about- israel-and-palestine Like everything else historical, the Palestine Mandate has a history with a chronological beginning, a middle, and, in this case, an end. From a strictly legal point of view, that beginning was September 29, 1923, and the end was midnight, May 14, 1948, putting the middle expanse at just short of 25 years. But also like everything else historical, it is no simple matter to determine either how far back in the historical tapestry to go in search of origins, or how far to lean history into its consequences up to and speculatively beyond the present time. These decisions depend ultimately on the purposes of an historical inquiry and, whatever historical investigators may say, all such inquiries do have purposes, whether recognized, admitted, and articulated or not. A.J.P. Taylor’s famous insistence that historical analysis has no purpose other than enlightened storytelling, rendering the entire enterprise much closer to literature than to social science, is interesting precisely because it is such an outlier perspective among professional historians. -
Calendar No. 356
Calendar No. 356 107TH CONGRESS REPORT "! 2d Session SENATE 107–144 ANTI-ATROCITY ALIEN DEPORTATION ACT OF 2001 APRIL 25, 2002.—Ordered to be printed Mr. LEAHY, from the Committee on the Judiciary, submitted the following R E P O R T [To accompany S. 864] [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] The Committee on the Judiciary, to which was referred the bill (S. 864) to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide that aliens who commit acts of torture, extrajudicial killings, or other specified atrocities abroad are inadmissible and removable and to establish within the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice an Office of Special Investigations having responsibilities under the Act with respect to all alien participants in war crimes, genocide, and the commission of acts of torture and extrajudicial killings abroad, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an amendment in the nature of a substitute and rec- ommends that the bill as amended do pass. CONTENTS Page I. Purpose and need for S. 864 ......................................................................... 1 II. Legislative History ......................................................................................... 2 III. Vote of the Committee ................................................................................... 3 IV. Discussion ....................................................................................................... 3 V. Section-by-Section Analysis ......................................................................... -
The Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies a Meta-Analysis for Africa
The adoption of improved agricultural technologies A meta-analysis for Africa by Aslihan Arslan Kristin Floress Christine Lamanna Leslie Lipper Solomon Asfaw Todd Rosenstock 63 The IFAD Research Series has been initiated by the Strategy and Knowledge Department in order to bring together cutting-edge thinking and research on smallholder agriculture, rural development and related themes. As a global organization with an exclusive mandate to promote rural smallholder development, IFAD seeks to present diverse viewpoints from across the development arena in order to stimulate knowledge exchange, innovation, and commitment to investing in rural people. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This publication or any part thereof may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes without prior permission from IFAD, provided that the publication or extract therefrom reproduced is attributed to IFAD -
Conference Report
“Climate Change, Conflicts and Cooperation in the Arctic” Thilo Neumann (Research Assistant, Chair of Prof. Dr. Doris König, Bucerius Law School, Hamburg) The International Foundation for the Law of the Sea (IFLOS) held its sixth annual Symposium on the premises of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in Hamburg on 27 September 2008. The range of topics discussed included the impact of climate change on the arctic environment, the identification of possible international disputes and cooperation opportunities in the region. Due to the global impact of changes in the arctic ecosystem and the growing need for the exploration of new fossil fuel deposits, these interdisciplinary questions touching on natural science, political science and law will gain in importance during the next few years and attracted an audience of 122 scholars and practitioners from almost 40 countries to the Symposium. The keen interest in this annual conference indicates that the Foundation has successfully established an interdisciplinary forum for international academic exchange. The Symposium was held in cooperation with the Bucerius Law School, the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law Institute of the University of Hamburg and the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency. The Edmund Siemers Foundation and the German Shipowners’ Association supported the event generously. Background Information: The growing global demand for energy is accompanied by the foreseeable exhaustion of the finite number of fossil fuel deposits. The current increase of commodity prices arouses stakeholders’ interest in renewable energy sources 1 and enhances the cost-effectiveness of the exploitation of remote offshore deposits. It was the United States Geological Survey (USGS) which focused general public interest on the resource potential of the arctic region for the first time, when it published its often-cited study in 2000. -
Volume Ix • Part 1 • Spring 1947
VOLUME IX • PART 1 • SPRING 1947 CONTENTS EXCAVATIONS AT BRAK AND CHAGAR BAZAR, by M. E. L. MALLOWAN. INTRODUCTION i PART I: BRAK AND CHAGAR BAZAR: THEIR CONTRI BUTION TO ARCHAEOLOGY I0 PART II: BUILDINGS AND STRATIFICATION SECTION 1—BRAK 48 SECTION 2—CHAGAR BAZAR 81 PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN IRAQ (GERTRUDE BELL MEMORIAL), 20 Wilton Street, London, S.W.i. Price 18J. net. Annual Subscription £i n o. IRAQ is published by the British School of Archaeology in Iraq (Gertrude Bell Memorial). It is devoted to studies of the history, art, archaeology, religion, and social life of Iraq, and to a lesser degree of the neighbouring coiintries (Iran, Armenia, Anatolia, Syria, and Arabia), from the earliest times down to about A.D. 1700. Texts concerning these subjects, with translations and comments, will be considered; exclusively philological articles will not be accepted. ONTRIBUTORS are requested to submit for illustration only clear prints of Cphotographs or strong outline drawings. For oriental languages, trans literation into Roman script on the approved system should be employed, as laid down in the * Notice to Contributors/ which will be sent on application. Articles should be sent to the Editor of c Iraq/ c. j. GADD, BRITISH MUSEUM, W.C.I. IKAQ appears twice yearly, in the Spring and Autumn. Single ^umbers may be purchased from the agents Bernard Quaritch, 11 Grafton Street, London, W.i, Luzac & Co., 46 Great Russell Street, London, W.G.i, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 43 Great Russell Street, London, W.C.i, and Harrison and Sons, Ltd., 44-47 St. -
'Letters from Baghdad' Doc Reveals the Desert Adventures of Gertrude Bell
Review 'Letters from Baghdad' doc reveals the desert adventures of Gertrude Bell British adventurer Gertrude Bell, from the documentary "Letters From Baghdad." (Gertrude Bell Archive, Newcastle University) By Jeffrey Fleishman JUNE 8, 2017, 2:10 PM he roamed across deserts, loading camels with evening gowns and cutlery, slipping through ancient ruins like a spy and finding herself the lone woman at the center of a struggle that defined the borders and politics of a Middle East that has refused to be tamed by Western S powers. Gertrude Bell was heroine, archaeologist, feminist and map-maker. She spoke Persian and Arabic, was the confidant of a king and was famously unlucky in love. The daughter of a British industrialist, her wanderings through Syria and Iraq in the early 1900s were as vital to deciphering the region as those of her more celebrated male counterpart T.E. Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia. A new film, “Letters from Baghdad,” explores the complexities of a character who was at once graceful and arrogant, erudite and earthen. The documentary is based on letters and communiqués — Tilda Swinton is the voice of Bell — that follow her from the aristocracy and drizzle of Yorkshire, England, to the scoured, arid expanses of tribesmen, Bedouins and sheikhs. Bell called the Middle East “my second native country.” Insights from her years of travel helped shape the boundaries of Iraq after World War I and the fall of the Ottoman Empire. That Iraq, with its uneasy balance of Kurds, Sunnis and Shiites, has confounded the West for decades, including two American-led wars, and the rise of ISIS, which today threatens stability from Cairo to Damascus to Dubai. -
What Is the Point About Sykes–Picot?
Global Affairs ISSN: 2334-0460 (Print) 2334-0479 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rgaf20 What is the point about Sykes–Picot? Pinar Bilgin To cite this article: Pinar Bilgin (2016): What is the point about Sykes–Picot?, Global Affairs, DOI: 10.1080/23340460.2016.1236518 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1236518 Published online: 11 Oct 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 36 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rgaf20 Download by: [Bilkent University], [Pinar Bilgin] Date: 19 October 2016, At: 23:28 Global Affairs, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1236518 What is the point about Sykes–Picot? Pinar Bilgin* Department of International Relations, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (Received 4 August 2016; accepted 12 September 2016) The Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916) became (in)famous once again following a tweet announcing a propaganda video by the group that call themselves the Islamic State of Iraq and al Sham (ISIS) declaring “the end of Sykes–Picot”. In this essay I suggest that the point about Sykes–Picot is not about the “artificiality” of borders in the Middle East (for all borders are artificial in different ways) or the way in which they were drawn (for almost all borders were agreed on by a few men, and seldom women, behind closed doors) but (also) that it was shaped by a discursive economy that allowed for the International Society to decide the fate of those that were deemed as not-yet capable of governing themselves. -
ACOR Newsletter Vol. 32.2
VOLUME 32.2 | March 2021 for July–December 2020 A Century of Preserving Jordanian Heritage Jehad Haron, Noreen Doyle, and Pearce Paul Creasman In 2021, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan celebrates its centennial. In honor of these first hundred years, ACOR takes a moment to look back at some of the critical legislative roots that have made preserving Jordan’s cultural heritage possible. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when Jordan was part of the Ottoman Empire’s frontiers, political and social movements were developing in the region to demand greater independence. The outbreak of the World War I in 1914, followed On page 1: George Horsfield, Lankester Harding, Awni Dajani, Façade of the Nabatean royal funerary monument known today as the Treasury (al-Khazneh) in Petra. Scaffolding surrounds a column that was restored by the Abdel-Karim Al-Gharaybeh, and others, scientific Department of Antiquities during work undertaken at the site in the late 1950s documentation and reports began to play major roles and early 1960s. (Courtesy of the J. Haron collection.) in recovering, preserving, and understanding this heritage. Publication of the first volume of theAnnual two years later by the Great Arab Revolt, ultimately of the Department of Antiquities in 1951 reflected the forced the empire to withdraw. In the aftermath of scientific progress at that time. The decision, in 1976, these events, in 1921 the modern Jordanian state to prohibit the trading of antiquities has helped to emerged with new geographical borders and its first keep many archaeological objects within Jordan and to emir, Abdullah bin Al Hussein. -
Note on the Mandate of the High Commissioner for Refugees and His Office
NOTE ON THE MANDATE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES AND HIS OFFICE A. Background Forced displacement and statelessness are undoubtedly matters of concern to the international community. It is in response to these challenges that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and his Office were created as the global refugee institution in the wake of the Second World War. The mandate of the High Commissioner was established by the UN General Assembly [GA] in 1950, born from the experience of different international refugee institutions that had existed in the inter-war period. It was the intention of the GA to ensure that the High Commissioner, supported by his Office, “would enjoy a special status within the UN … possess[ing] the degree of independence and the prestige which would seem to be required for the effective performance of his functions.”1 The High Commissioner is elected directly by the GA, acting under its authority and reporting to it annually.2 The roles and responsibilities outlined in the Statute of the Office are vested in the High Commissioner from which his particular authority is derived. In legal terms, the High Commissioner and his Office form a multilateral, intergovernmental institution, established by the GA as its subsidiary organ3 through resolution 319 A (IV) of 3 December 1949, and provided with its Statute in resolution 428 (V) of 14 December 1950 (Annex).4 The Statute stipulates that the High Commissioner “acting under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assume the function of providing international protection … and of seeking permanent solutions for the problem of refugees.” 5 The Statute is, however, not the only source of law of the mandate of the High Commissioner and his Office. -
Scientia Militaria South African Journal of Military Studies
Scientia Militaria South African Journal Of Military Studies ARTICLES Military Involvement in Latin American Politics Dirk Kruijt Small wars and people’s wars: A Clausewitzian perspective on the South African War, 1899–1902 Pieter Labuschagne Evaluating the final military phase of the Border War in South- Eastern Angola 1987 -1988 Janet Szabo Non-coercive defence diplomacy for conflict prevention Robin M. Blake and Yolanda K. Spies Military and security education for regional co-operation - A case study of the Southern African Defence and Security Management Network Gavin Cawthra Peace support operations in sub-Saharan Africa: Lived experiences of emergency care providers during external deployment Tshikani Lewis Khoza, Nombeko Mshunqane and Simpiwe Sobuwa Factors influencing work satisfaction of single parents in the South African National Defence Force: An exploratory study Kgomotso T Matjeke and Gideon AJ van Dyk BOOK REVIEWS Mozambican Civil War: Marxist-apartheid proxy, 1977-1992 Hussein Solomon Volume 47 Number 1 Biafra genocide, Nigeria: Bloodletting and mass starvation, 2019 1967 – 1970 ISSN 2224-0020 (online) Nnaemeka Uwakwe Itiri ISSN 1022-8136 (print) Omega, oor en uit: die storie van ’n opstandige troep scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za/ Evert Kleynhans Scientia Militaria NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS South African Journal of Military Studies Scientia Militaria is published bi-annually by the Faculty of Military Science Editors: Prof. Thomas Mandrup (Military Academy), Stellenbosch University. It is an accredited, scholarly journal, which investigates a broad spectrum of matters and issues relating to military affairs, and publishes both discipline-based and inter-disciplinary research. In order to ensure Assistant Editors: Prof. Abel Esterhuyse that articles are of a high quality, all submissions are refereed (peer-reviewed) by Prof. -
Investing in Rural Youth in the Near East, North Africa, Europe and Central Asia
Papers of the 2019 Rural Development Report Investing in rural youth in the Near East, North Africa, Europe and Central Asia by Nader Kabbani IFAD 60 RESEARCH SERIES The IFAD Research Series has been initiated by the Strategy and Knowledge Department in order to bring together cutting-edge thinking and research on smallholder agriculture, rural development and related themes. As a global organization with an exclusive mandate to promote rural smallholder development, IFAD seeks to present diverse viewpoints from across the development arena in order to stimulate knowledge exchange, innovation, and commitment to investing in rural people. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This publication or any part thereof may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes without prior permission from IFAD, provided that the publication or extract therefrom reproduced is attributed to IFAD and the title of this publication is stated in any publication and that a copy thereof is sent to IFAD. Author: Nader Kabbani © IFAD 2019 All rights reserved ISBN 978-92-9072-977-8-1 Printed December 2019 Investing in rural youth in the Near East, North Africa, Europe and Central Asia by Nader Kabbani IFAD This paper was originally commissioned as a background 60 paper for the 2019 Rural Development Report: Creating RESEARCH opportunities for rural youth. -
The Second Palestinian Intifada a Chronicle of a People’S Struggle
The Second Palestinian Intifada A Chronicle of a People’s Struggle RAMZY BAROUD Foreword by Kathleen and Bill Christison Introduction by Jennifer Loewenstein Photographs by Mahfouz Abu Turk and Matthew Cassel Pluto P Press LONDON • ANN ARBOR, MI BBaroudaroud 0000 pprere iiiiii 226/4/066/4/06 008:05:128:05:12 First published 2006 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Ramzy Baroud 2006 The right of Ramzy Baroud to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7453 2548 3 hardback ISBN 0 7453 2547 5 paperback Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd, Fortescue, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Printed and bound in the United States of America by Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group BBaroudaroud 0000 pprere iivv 226/4/066/4/06 008:05:128:05:12 To Zarefah, Iman, and Sammy, my life’s inspiration BBaroudaroud 0000 pprere v 226/4/066/4/06 008:05:128:05:12 Contents Foreword by Kathleen and Bill Christison viii Preface xiii Acknowledgements xvii Introduction by Jennifer Loewenstein 1 1 The Intifada Takes Off (2000–01) 16 2 Intifada International (2002) 36 3 Calls for Reform (2003) 53 4 Profound