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Geological Sukvey DEPABTMENT OF THE IHTERIOE BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY No. 148 WASHINGTON' G-OVEKNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1897 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUEYEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, 'DIRECTOR ANALYSES OF ROCKS ANALYTICAL METHODS LABORATORY OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1880 to 1896 BY F. W. CLAEKE AND W. F. HILLEBEAND WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1897 CONTENTS. Pago. Introduction, by F. W. Clarke ....'.......................................... 9 Some principles and methods of analysis applied to silicate rocks; by W. F. Hillebrand................................................................ 15 Part I. Introduction ................................................... 15 Scope of the present paper .......................................... 20 Part II. Discussion of methods ..................................i....... 22 Preparation of sample....................:.......................... 22 Specific gravity. ............................: ......--.........--... 23 Weights of sample to be employed for analysis....................... 26 Water, hygroscopic ................................ ................. 26 Water, total or combined....... ^.................................... 30 Silica, alumina, iron, etc............................................ 34 Manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc.............................. 41 Calcium and strontium...................................... ........ 43 Magnesium......................................................... 43 Barium and titanium............... .... ............................. 45 Zirconi uni.......................................................... 48 Rare earths other than zirconia ............................... ...'... 50 Chromium and phosphorus .......................................... 51' Ferrous iron ........................................................ 52 Alkalies ............................................................ .54 Carbon dioxide...................................................... 56 Chlorine............................................................ 57 Fluorine............................................................. 57 Sulphur ............................................................ 58 Boron .............................................................. 59 Nitrogen............................................................ 59 Special operations. .............................................. .... 60 Estimation of minute traces of certain constituents .................. 61 Preliminary qualitative analysis ....... i....... 1.................... 62 Summation of analytical results..................................... 62 Quality of reagents .................................................. 63 Analyses of rocks; arranged and tabulated by F. W. Clarke.................. 65 Igneous and crystalline rocks ........................................... 65 Maine .............................................................. 65 New Hampshire......^.............................................. 67 Vermont............................................................ 68 1. Rocks of Mount Ascutney..................................... 68 2. Miscellaneous rocks .......................................... 71 Massachusetts ...................................................... 72 1. Rocks of the Connecticut Valley.............................. 72 2. Miscellaneous rocks ......i................................... 77 5 6 CONTENTS. Analyses of rocks; arranged and tabulated by F. W. Clarke Continued. Page. Igneous and crystalline rocks Continued. Connecticut........ v................................................. 79 New York .......................................................... 79 New Jersey......................................................... 80 Pennsylvania....................................................... 81 Delaware........................................................... 82 Maryland and the District of Columbia.............................. 83 1. Peridotite and pyroxenite .................................... 83 2. Gabbro and diorite ........................................... 85 3. Granite and gneiss ........................................... 85 4. Miscellaneous rocks .......................................... 90 Virginia............................................................ 91 North Carolina.................. .................................... 91 1. Rocks from Corundum Hill................................... 91 2. Pyroxenite from Webster..................................... 92 Kentucky............................................................ 92 1. TheElliott County dike ...................................... 92 2. The Crittenden County dike.......".........,.................. 94 Missouri............................................................ 95 Arkansas ........................................................... 96 Texas............................................................... 96 The Lake Superior Region .......................................... 97 1. The Marquette and Michigamme Region, Michigan............ 97 2. The Menominee River ........................................ 100 First. The Sturgeon Falls gabbro............................ 100 Second. Lower Quinnesec Falls .............................. 101 Third. Upper Quinnesec Falls ............................... 102 3. The Penokee-Gogebic Region ................................. 103 4. Rocks of Pigeon Point, Minnesota ............................ 104 5. Miscellaneous rocks from Minnesota ........................... Ill South Dakota....................................................... 114 Wyoming............................. ...... ........................ 115 The Yellowstone National Park.. .................................... 117 1. Electric Peak ...........'.....................-........-...--. 117 2. Sepulcher Mountain .......................................... 120 3. The Crandall Basin........................................... 122 4. Absarokite-Shoshomte-Banakite series .......... .............. 125 5. Miscellaneous rocks .......................................... 130 Montana .........^..................^............................... 137 1. The Madison and Gallatin valleys ............................ 137 2. The Crazy Mountains......................................... 142 3. The Little Belt Mountains .................................... 146 4. The Castle Mountain district...........................'...-.. 150 5. The Highwood Mountains .................................... 152 6. The Little Rocky Mountains................--.--....-....---- 155 7. The Bearpaw Mountains..............................-------- 156 Colorado ........................................................... 158 1. The Denver Basin ............................................ 158 2. The Pikes Peak district ...... ....:..........-.....--.-----.-- 159 3. Silver Cliff and Rosita........................................ 165 4. The Buffalo Peaks.... ........................................ 171 5. The Leadville region ......................................... 172 6. The Ten Mile district......................................... 175 7. The Elk Mountains........................................... 177 CONTENTS. 7 Analyses of rocks; arranged and tabulated by F. W. Clarke Continued. Pago. Igneous and crystalline rocks Continued. Colorado Continued. 8. The AVest Elk Mountains..................................... 178 9. Miscellaneous rocks .......................................... 179 Utah ............................................................... 183 New Mexico ........................................................ 184 1. Basalts from Eio Graude Canyon.............................. 184 2. The Mount Taylor region..................................... 185 3. Miscellaneous ................................................ 186 Arizona............................................................. 187 Nevada.........................................:................... 188 1. Eocks from Washoe .......................................... 188 2. Rocks from Eureka........................................... 189 California ...............................--.-.-..--.....:............ 190 1. Mount Shasta ...........1................-..-.-.-..-.-....-. 190 2. The Lassen Peak region ..................................... 191 First. Ehyolites ........................................... 192 Second. Dacites and audesites.............................. 193 Third. Basalts ................ ..f .......................... 198 3. Plumas County................................,,............. 201 4. ButteCounty ............................................... 204 5. Sierra County................................................ 206 6. Nevada City and Grass Valley ............................... 208 7. Placer County.....;......................................... 211 8. Eldorado County............................................ 213 9. 'Araador County ............................................. 214 10. Calaveras County ...............:........................... 216 11. Tuolurnne County........................................... 217 12. Mariposa County............................................ 219 13. The Quicksilver region ...................................... 222 14. Mount Diablo ............................................... 224 15. Miscellaneous rocks ......................................... 228 Oregon ..........i................................................... 230 1. Basalt, Mount Thielson.......................°...............
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