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Social Sciences CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES Esma Torun Çelik Şenel Gerçek IJOPEC PUBLICATION London ijopec.co.uk Istanbul CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES Edited By Esma Torun Çelik, Şenel Gerçek Contemporary Debates in Social Sciences (Edited by: Esma Torun Çelik, Şenel Gerçek) IJOPEC PUBLICATION London ijopec.co.uk Istanbul IJOPEC Publication Limited www.ijopec.co.uk CRN:10806608 E-Mail: [email protected] 615 7 Baltimore Wharf Phone: (+44) 73 875 2361 (UK) London E14 9EY (+90) 488 217 4007 (Turkey) United Kingdom Contemporary Debates in Social Sciences First Edition, September 2018 IJOPEC Publication No: 2018/31 ISBN: 978-1-912503-52-0 No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronically without author’s permission. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the text, illustrations or advertisements. The opinions expressed in these chapters are not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. A catalogue record for this book is available from Nielsen Book Data, British Library and Google Books. The publishing responsibilities of the chapters in this book belong to the authors. Printed in London. Composer: Çelebi Şenel Cover Illustrators designed by Freepik CONTENTS Introduction: Contemporary Debates in Social Sciences .........................................................................................5 PART I: ANTHROPOLOGY 1. MOUTH AND DENTAL HEALTH OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN OF VAN FORTRESS TUMULUS ............................................................................................................................11 Nevin Göksal 2. ESTIMATION OF ANATOMICAL POINTS(LANDMARKS) OF RIGHT EAR OVER 60 YEARS OLD ANATOLIAN MEN BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS / 60 YAŞ ÜSTÜ ANADOLU ERKEKLERİNİN SAĞ KULAK ANATOMİK NOKTALARININ YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI İLE TAHMİNİ .............................................................................................................21 Vahdet Özkoçak, Ayşe Görgün 3. ERGONOMIC RESTAURANT APRON DESIGN ERGONOMİK RESTORAN ÖNLÜĞÜ TASARIMI ........................................................................................................................................37 Mehtap Uğur, Yener Bektaş, Vahdet Özkocak, Timur Gültekin PART II: CULTURAL STUDIES 4. INTERCULTURAL LEARNING AND PERCEPTIONS OF HOME CULTURE TOWARDS GUEST CULTURE IN THE LOCAL TOURISM AREAS ...............................................................................49 Ayşe Temel Erginli, Azra Nazlı PART III: EDUCATION 5. USING BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE AS A MOTIVATING FACTOR IN TEACHING PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE .....................................................63 Gaughar Zhusupova, Jannat Sagimbayeva, Zukhra Shakhputova, Saltanat Mukanova PART IV: GENDER&WOMEN STUDIES 6. INVESTIGATION OF FERZAN ÖZPETEK FILMS BASED ON QUEER CINEMA THEORY .............71 Berceste Gülçin Özdemir 7. GENDER EQUALITY EDUCATION PROCESS AT A RURAL UNIVERSITY IN TURKEY: FEMINIST PRAXIS VERSUS PATRIARCHAL STRUCTURES .....................................................................85 Fatma Özlem Tezcek 8. ANALYZING “NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSES” WHICH ARE APPLIED BY ÇERKEZKÖY MUNICIPALITY: VELIKÖY NEIGHBORHOOD CASE ......................................................93 Yeliz Yeşil PART V: HISTORY 9. A REVIEW ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF MEDICINE IN THE ANCIENT ERA: ASCLEPIUS, THE GOD OF MEDICINE / ANTİK DÖNEM TIP ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME: SAĞLIK TANRISI ASKLEPİOS ......................................................................103 Emet Gürel, A. Ceren Alaçam-Akşit 3 CONTENTS 10. ISLAM IN TURKEY THROUGH THE EYES OF AMERICAN AMBASSADORS (1923-1938)...........121 Esma Torun Çelik PART VI: LABOUR ECONOMICS & INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 11. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND SAFETY CULTURE: A CASE STUDY IN METAL SECTOR ...........................................................................................................135 Bülent Arpat PART VII: LITERATURE 12. AN OUTLOOK ON THE SAUDI ARABIAN NOVEL / SUUDİ ARABİSTAN ROMANINA BİR BAKIŞ .............................................................................................153 Turgay Gökgöz 13. THE REBIRTH OF A WOMAN: T. KAIPBERGENOV’S THE KARAKALPAK GIRL / BİR KADININ YENİDEN DOĞUŞU: T. KAIPBERGENOV’UN KARAKALPAK KIZI .............................163 Yasemin Gürsoy 4 INTRODUCTION While the 21st century evolves into a new future as an age of scientific and technological developments and discoveries, rapid transformations are taking place in the areas of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence with the contribution of the advancements in the Natural Learning Process. As computer technology immediately expands to every part of lives, innumerable innovations affect not only our everyday experiences but also the future of academic studies. Soon, as in all fields of science, we are obliged to organise our research and decision-making approaches in social sciences according to new developments. Considering this aspect, the scholars have to appreciate the importance of continuously reaching information and of sharing further knowledge with others. Every issue published under the title of Current Debates, which raises existing questions in the social sciences, continues to undertake essential functions in achieving and sharing these innovations. The present volume of the book Current Debates includes six social science areas: Anthropology, Cultural Studies, Education, Gender&Women Studies, History, Labour&Economics & Industrial Relations and Literature. The Part I is a collection of three papers in Anthropology. In the first study, Mouth and Dental Health of Infants and Children of Van Fortress Tumulus, Nevin Göksal aims to provide information about the mouth and dental health of the infants and children of the Van Fortress Tumulus society. She analyses the 92 teeth and seven jaws obtained by ten infants and children skeletons belongs to modern era captured from the cavities in Van Fortress Tumulus between the years 2013 and 2014. The researcher focuses on the historical side of tooth decay, which is an infectious disease caused by the deterioration of enamel-dentin plates (Larsen, 1987). Such health problems At the end of the study, she found that the decays, observed in the primary molar teeth of the infants and children of Van Fortress Tumulus society, have a slight effect on the neck region of the teeth, not the chewing surface of the teeth in particular. The detected abrasion rate is four-degree in average in the primary teeth of infants and children and the region that the decays occurred suggests that community members feed their children with fibrous nutrients at an early age, and these nutrients help relatively to the mouth and teeth cleanliness. This finding also explains why the antemortem tooth loss and the primary pathological lesions (severe abrasion and decay, dental calculus or abscess) leading to the alveolar loss were not observed. In Estimation of Anatomical Points of Right Ear Over 60 Years Old Anatolian Men by Artificial Neural Networks, Vahdet Özkoçak and Ayşe Görgün interest in the artificial intelligent by applying the human anatomical information of the selected individuals to artificial neural network. Artificial neural network method is sketchily defined as a mathematical modeling of the human brain’s learning ability. Artificial neural networks learn the relations between various input and output parameters that constitute a problem and produce solutions to this problem. In this study, the right ear photographs of 150 Anatolian men over 60 years of age were taken under identical conditions and structured in ImageJ program before applying to the artificial neural network model created in Matlab program. The researchers applied the new anatomical information of the individuals to artificial neural network and witnessed that the artificial intelligence predicts Helix points with high accuracy. In the research titled Ergonomic Restaurant Aprons Design, Mehtap Uğur, Yener Bektaş, Vahdet Özkocak and Timur Gültekin focus on ergonomic criteria by investigating the design and production process of the aprons used by the personnel working in the restaurants. Ergonomy, as a multidisciplinary science, depends on considering the 5 INTRODUCTION biological, psychological and cognitive characteristics and capacities of the employees. In order to benefit from workplaces and all living spaces at the desired level and quality, ergonomic regulation and techniques should be applied as a whole. (Akın, Gültekin, 2014; 2015). According to the authors, in order to create suitable working conditions and to raise the standards, the suitability of the product must be ensured by taking into consideration that all products, especially clothes, tools, machinery, structures and hardware, are the people who will use the product during the production and usage stages. In this study, they investigate that the apron design and production of the products used by the personnel working in the food preparation, cooking and service departments of the restaurant establishments complied with the ergonomic criteria. The second part of the book is about Cultural Studies and involves a paper written by Ayşe Temel Erginli ve Azra Nazlı who questionings the perception level and learning capacity of tradespeoples about other cultures under the title of Intercultural Learning and Perceptions of Home Culture Towards Guest Culture in the Local Tourism Areas. After determining the tradespeople
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