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Overview of the Interplanetary Internet Overview of the InterPlanetary Internet BroadSkyBroadSky WorkshopWorkshop 10th Ka and Broadband Communications Conference Vicenza, Italy 01 October 2004 Adrian J. Hooke Interplanetary Network Directorate Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 818.354.3063 [email protected] Roadmap of International Space Data Systems Standardization 1980 1990 2000 2010 Basic Space/Ground “Packet” Spacecraft Telemetry and Telecommand communications 02 January, 1996 STRV-1b standards for } Baselined by International IP address: all space missions Space Station and GN 192.48.114.156 Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) CCSDS Advanced Orbiting Systems The File Transfer: FTAM Dark File Transfer: FTP Transport: TP4 Age Transport: TCP Space Internetworking Of CCSDS in richly connected, Network: ISO 8473 GOSIP Network: IP. Mobile IP Proximity-1 short delay, stressed space environments NASA/DOD/CCSDS } Space Communications Next Generation Protocol Standards Space Internet (CCSDS-SCPS) Project (NGSI) Project Space Internetworking in sparsely connected, CCSDS File Delay Tolerant long delay, stressed Delivery Protocol Networking space environments } Standardized Space CCSDS Space Link Extension CCSDS Spacecraft Mission Operations and Service Management Monitor & Control Services } Technical Areas of International Space Standardization Space Internetworking Spacecraft Services Onboard Interface Services Mission Operations and Information Management Services Space Link Services Cross Support Systems Services Engineering Constellation Free Flyer Orbiting Relay Space Link Access Services Internet Short-Haul Terrestrial Long-Haul Surface Proximity Internet Space Backbone Operations Operations End-to-end Space Internetworking Internet-based Long delay Short delay in-situ ground mission near-Earth and proximity surface operations systems deep space links links links SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS End-to-End Space Applications Space Middleware Space Application Services Space Transport Services Space Networking Services Space Link Services Space Long-Haul Data Link Space Proximity Data Link Space Surface Data Link Space Long-Haul Coding Space Proximity Coding Space Surface Coding Space Long-Haul Channel Space Proximity Channel Space Surface Channel SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL MODEL Space Long Haul Space Proximity Space Surface 1980s - now: standard “Packet Telemetry/Telecommand” space links Free Flyer Orbiter Ground Long-Haul Proximity Surface Operations Space Backbone Operations Operations CCSDS Packet CCSDS Long-haul Link CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) TCP, UDP IPSEC IP CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding Local Terrestrial Link CCSDS Proximity Link and Coding Local CCSDS UHF; CCSDS CCSDS Terrestrial local wired/ S, X, Ka Band UHF Wired wireless 300 Missions now using CCSDS Space Link Protocols http://www.ccsds.org/CCSDS/missions.jsp Mid-1990s: a focus on space internetworking Free Flyer Orbiter Ground Long-Haul Proximity Surface Operations Space Backbone Operations Operations CCSDS Packet CCSDS Long-haul Link CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) TCP, UDP Upper Layer IPSEC Network - based Services? IP CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding Local Terrestrial Link CCSDS Proximity Link and Coding Local CCSDS UHF; CCSDS CCSDS Terrestrial local wired/ S, X, Ka Band UHF Wired wireless Conventional Internetworking • Richly connected • Continuous availability • Error free • Negligible delay • Symmetric channels • High data rates Typical Space Internetworking • Intermittently connected (frequent service disruption) • Error prone • Significant-to-huge delay • Asymmetric or unidirectional channels • Constrained data rates CCSDS approach to extending the terrestrial Internet into space Proxy-Based Operation ES ES ES ES ES GW Internet ES Internet GW ES ES “Proxy ES Space” ES ES ES ES • Dual-gateway (proxy) configuration Internet • End System transport connections do not cross ES the satellite/wireless link so End Systems do ES ES not have to be satellite/wireless aware (e.g., can be unmodified COTS, simplifying ES = End System deployment) GW = Transport Layer Gateway (Proxy) • Security above transport or via trusted gateways Current CCSDS Space Internet Protocol Options Space extensions Record read & record update; File & record Integrity; FP to FTP FP - - FTPFTP Other Apps Automatic restart; FeaturesFeatures FTP User suspend/resume; SCPS Space extensions SCPS Suppress ASCII reply codes. to the Socket Congestion control appropriate for Interface mixed-loss environments (congestion, corruption, outage); SCPS-TP Selective negative acknowledgment; TCPTCP Robust header compression; “TCP TCP UDP OptionsOptions TCP UDP Partial Reliability service (BETS); Tranquility” Delimitation of record boundaries; options RFC 1323: Window scaling, time stamps, sequence number extension Space-optimized Authentication: guarantee of the identity of a source; IPSec variant IPSec Access Control: prevention of unauthorized access; SCPS-SP IPSec Integrity: protection against modification; Common Network- Confidentiality: protection from disclosure. Layer Interface Provides both connectionless and managed- connection routing; Space-optimized Supports precedence (priority) based handling; IP variant SCPS-NP IP Offer multiple routing options; Signals errors to the layer above; Supports packet lifetime control; Scalable - tailor capability to need, e.g., high communications efficiency in constrained bandwidth conditions. Space Link Subnet: CCSDS Data Link The CCSDS protocol suite supports either “native” or “space enhanced” Internet services, at the discretion of the Project organization SCPS RI Distribution by Date 200 180 160 140 120 100 Copies 80 60 40 20 0 199719981999200020012002200320042005 Calendar Year Joint NASA-DOD SCPS Project 1991-1999 SCPS RI Distribution, by Sector Gov 18% Industry Academia 68% 14% “Space Internet” CCSDS Protocol Scenario Constellation Free Flyer Orbiter Ground Long-Haul Proximity Surface Operations Space Backbone Operations Operations CCSDS Packet CCSDS Long-haul Link CCSDS Space Link FTP+ Extension (SLE) Reliable File Transfer in disconnected, TCP, UDP + stressed, long-delay TCP , UDP environments ? IPSEC IPSec,CCSDS SP IP IP, CCSDS NP CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding Local Terrestrial Link CCSDS Link + CCSDS Proximity Link Physical Security and Coding Local CCSDS UHF; CCSDS CCSDS Terrestrial local wired/ S, X, Ka Band UHF Wired wireless CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) Build 1 CFDP Build 2 CFDP Currently in deployment (AlSat1, DI, JWST, MRO, etc) 1. point-to-point, 2. point-to-point, unacknowledged acknowledged 3. multi-hop, in series X Rover CFDP Service Packet Service Frame Service X Orbiter CFDP Service Packet Service Frame Service X Lander Orbiter ice erv CFDP S e X rvic Packet Se ice Build 3 CFDP rv Frame Se CFDP Service Packet Service Frame Service Ground Station Frame/CLTUService X Network ControlCenter CFDP Service Packet Service Ground Station Frame/CLTUService 4. multi-hop, in parallel - without cross-links “CFDP-Era” (2005+) CCSDS Protocol Scenario Constellation Free Flyer Orbiter Long-Haul Surface Ground Operations Space Backbone Proximity Operations Operations CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) CCSDS Packet CCSDS Long-haul Link CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) Is that all TCP, UDP TCP+, UDP there is? IPSEC IPSec,CCSDS SP IP CCSDS NP IP, CCSDS NP CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding Local Terrestrial Link CCSDS Link + CCSDS Proximity Link Physical Security and Coding Local CCSDS UHF; CCSDS CCSDS Terrestrial local wired/ S, X, Ka Band UHF Wired wireless Do we expect 2010 – 2025 to be like this? Or like this? Will space operations of 2010 – 2025 look like this? Or like this? Do we have an underlying data communications architecture that can scale u i.e., do we have an Interplanetary Network architecture that can scale to handle disruptive developments? 250000 200000 Internet Hosts (000s) 1989- 2001 150000 100000 50000 High Low 0 Jul-89 Jul-90 Jul-91 Jul-92 Jul-93 Jul-94 Jul-95 Jul-96 Jul-97 Jul-98 Jul-99 Jul-00 Jul-01 Interplanetary Region Internet: Region a “network of regional Region internets” Region Space Backbone Region Region Region log Dia End -to- End “The Internet” Region Region We need a general, standard way to communicate end-to-end through Region multiple regions in a disconnected, variable-delay environment The Internet: a Network of Connected Sub-Networks App App App App App App Transport Transport TCP TCP Network Network Network Network IP IP IP IP Link 1 Link 1 Link 2 Link 2 Link 3 Link 3 Phys 1 Phys 1 Phys 2 Phys 2 Phys 3 Phys 3 Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3 Bundles: A Store and Forward Application Overlay The “Thin Waist” of the Interplanetary Internet App App Possible disconnection App App App App Internet a Internet b Bundle New protocol development Bundle Bundle Transport a Transport a Transport b Transport b Network a Network a Network a Network b Network b Link 1 Link 1 Link 2 Link 2 Link 3 Link 3 Phys 1 Phys 1 Phys 2 Phys 2 Phys 3 Phys 3 A “network of internets” spanning dissimilar environments 2007-2012 “Bundling-era” Protocol Scenario Constellation Orbiter Free Flyer Long-Haul Surface Ground Operations Space Backbone Proximity Operations Operations CCSDS Middleware and Space Applications Services (CFDP, ftp, Messaging, Streaming, etc.) CCSDS Disruption Tolerant Networking (“Bundling”) CCSDS Long-haul Link CCSDS Space Link Extension (SLE) TCP, UDP (TCP,TCP+, UDP)UDP IPSEC IPSec,CCSDS SP IP CCSDS NP IP, CCSDS NP Long-haul CCSDS Long-Haul Link and Coding Local
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