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Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River

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Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River Upper York Sewage Solutions Environmental Assessment Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River Prepared for: The Regional Municipality of York Prepared by: Conestoga-Rovers & Associates DECEMBER, 2013 REF. NO. 050278 (104) 1195 Stellar Drive, Unit 1 YORK REGION NO. 74270 Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 7B8 Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River Upper York Sewage Solutions EA Executive Summary The main objectives of the Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River are: . To investigate the extent and magnitude of potential impacts of the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge on erosion and sedimentation processes in the East Holland River and the Queensville drainage ditch1, a tributary of the East Holland River. To identify the probable implications of the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge on channel morphology and channel processes. Study Area The study area considered for the geomorphological assessment (referred to as the Receiving Water Assessment Area) includes the lower portion of Queensville drainage ditch, from the proposed Water Reclamation Centre Outfall location (referred to as to as the proposed Queensville Sideroad Outfall Discharge Location) to the outlet at East Holland River, the portion of the East Holland River downstream to the confluence with the West Holland River, and the main branch of the Holland River to the confluence with Cook's Bay in Lake Simcoe. This is the area considered for the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge location and/or the area potentially affected by the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge. For purposes of this study, the lower portion of the East Holland River within the study area limits and the main branch of the Holland River are referred to as the "East Holland River". Ambient Condition Characterization An analysis of existing and projected flow conditions, channel form (including historic and current (2011) channel profile surveys, and channel cross-sections), and substrate characteristics (including grain size distribution and nutrient analysis) was conducted for the Queensville drainage ditch and the East Holland River within the Receiving Water Assessment Area to determine thresholds of sediment entrainment and deposition. Modelled discharge within the Queensville drainage ditch under existing conditions ranges from 0.003 to 2.28 cubic metres per second (m3/s), with a daily mean value of 0.052 m3/s. Daily mean discharge in the East Holland River at the Holland Landing Water Survey of Canada monitoring station (02EC009) ranges from 0.062 to 53.4 m3/s over the period of record, with an average value of 1.35 m3/s. Analysis of the hydrologic regime of the East Holland River shows that peak flows typically occur in March and April during the spring freshet, while lowest flows typically occur in August. Water levels in the East Holland River within the Receiving Water Assessment Area are closely related to the lake levels in Lake Simcoe which are controlled as part of the Trent- Severn Waterway lock system. 1. Previously referred to as Queensville Drain; however, during the UYSS EA process it was determined that this roadside drainage feature is not subject to the Municipal Drainage Act. 050278 Page ii York Region No. 74270 Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River Upper York Sewage Solutions EA The UYSS EA study area is situated in a predominantly rural setting, however the Queensville drainage ditch, East Holland River, and Cook’s Bay at the mouth of the Holland River are all influenced by anthropogenic activity. Within the Receiving Water Assessment Area, the Queensville drainage ditch is a well-defined, straightened channel extending along the south side of Queensville Sideroad. It forms part of a marsh near its confluence with the East Holland River where marsh-like conditions predominate. The East Holland River within the Receiving Water Assessment Area is best described as a low-energy estuarine system that experiences backwater effects from the anthropogenically-controlled water levels in Cook’s Bay. The channel substrate within both the East Holland River and the Queensville drainage ditch is comprised of sediment ranging from clay to sand-sized particles with the dominant proportion being silt. Relatively high values of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) were measured in sediment samples from the Receiving Water Assessment Area, and particularly high values of organic carbon were measured in samples from the Queensville drainage ditch. The channel bed profile of the East Holland River in the vicinity of the Queensville drainage ditch has a fairly consistent channel depth of approximately 1.5 to 1.6 metres (m), with no evidence of channel deepening at the outlet of the Queensville drainage ditch. Slight variation in bed elevation along the East Holland River is observed. The bed gradient is close to zero in the downstream portion of the Queensville drainage ditch. A comparison of both recent and historical channel bed profiles along the East Holland River in the vicinity of the Queensville drainage ditch indicated that while trends in sediment aggradation and degradation vary spatially within the surveyed study area, there has been an overall tendency towards aggradation. The comparison enabled the identification of four notable sedimentation zones. The average depth of accumulation in the East Holland River at the Queensville drainage ditch confluence was estimated at 1.91 m with an average accumulation rate of 0.037 metres per year (m/yr). Approach Any change in flow conditions in the Queensville drainage ditch and the East Holland River as a consequence of the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge may have an effect on erosion, transport, and deposition of fine sediment in the Queensville drainage ditch, the East Holland River and Cook’s Bay, which may in turn affect channel form and function, water quality, and aquatic habitat. Several modelled scenarios depicting various flow events, both with and without the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge, were completed for the Queensville drainage ditch and the East Holland River within the Receiving Water Assessment Area. These model scenarios are described in detail in an individual standalone report, the Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Water Reclamation Centre Outfall (CRA et al., 2013a). The model results, together with ambient condition characterization, were used in this Geomorphological Assessment to provide information on the frequency with which the thresholds for sediment entrainment and deposition are reached under existing conditions, and whether bed erosion would be exacerbated by increased discharge volume, and therefore increased flow velocity and hydraulic stress, from the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge. Variations in water surface slope, water depth, flow velocity, and flow velocity vectors were all examined. 050278 Page iii York Region No. 74270 Geomorphological Assessment of the Water Reclamation Centre Discharge on the East Holland River Upper York Sewage Solutions EA Results Hydrodynamic modelling results indicate that the most significant hydraulic effects would occur in the Queensville drainage ditch. Increases of 0.12 to 0.25 metres per second (m/s) in mean flow velocity and 2 to 3 Newtons per square metre (N/m2) in average bed shear stress (the fluid force per square metre on the stream bed, which is related to sediment mobilization and transport) can be expected under normal flow conditions, while increases of 0.4 to 0.7 m/s and greater than 2 N/m2 can be expected under 2-year flow scenarios. Within the East Holland River, hydrodynamic effects associated with the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge are expected to be negligible, with maximum increases of up to 0.06 m/s and 0.2 N/m2 expected for mean flow velocity and bed shear stress, respectively, under all modelled scenarios. The flow velocity changes predicted by the hydrodynamic modelling of the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge were used to identify potential effects on erosion and sedimentation processes within the Queensville drainage ditch and East Holland River as follows: . For the size of the bed material identified within the Receiving Water Assessment Area, it was determined that sediment erosion thresholds are occasionally reached under existing flow conditions. For scenarios with the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge, none of the hydrodynamic effects within the East Holland River are expected to cause major changes in erosion or sedimentation. Within the Queensville drainage ditch, an increase in the frequency and magnitude of sediment entrainment and transport is predicted under each of the modelled scenarios with the proposed Water Reclamation Centre clean treated water discharge. It is anticipated that the finer sediments (i.e., silt to clay-sized particles) entrained within the Queensville drainage ditch would likely be transported to the East Holland River where they would remain in suspension until they reach Cook’s Bay. Coarse sediments (i.e., sand 0.063 to 2 mm in diameter) entrained within the Queensville drainage ditch would likely settle
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