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ADDITIONAL STUDIES on the JURASSIC TRIGONIIDAE of POLAND the Studies on Polish Trigoniids Carried out by the Present Author Firs

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ACT A PAL A EON T 0 LOG ICA POLONICA ---- Vol. 22 1977 Nr.3 HALINA PUGACZEWSKA " ADDITIONAL STUDIES ON THE JURASSIC TRIGONIIDAE OF POLAND Abstract. - Eleven trigoniid species of the genera Trigonia Bruguiere, MyophoreHa Bayle and Rutitrigonia van Hoepen, including one new species, R. skorkovensis. sp.n., are described from the Jur~ssic of Poland. The representatives of the genus Ruti­ trigonia are reported for the first time fro'm the Lower Kimmeridgian of Poland which markedly increases the stratigraphic and geographic range of that genus hit­ herto considered as limited to the Upper Kimmeridgian - Upper Cretaceous of the Phillippines, Japan and the souther.n hemisphere. INTRODUCTION The studies on Polish trigoniids carried out by the present author first covered the material from the Dogger of L~czyca, Polish Lowlands (Pugaczewska 1976). The present paper presents the results of studies on trigoniids from the Bajocian - Upper Callovian of southern Poland, Bat­ honian - Kimmeridgian of the Mesozoic margins of the Holy Cross Mts, Upper Oxfordian - Lower Kimmeridgian of western Pomerania and Cal­ lovian of glacial drift from :Luk6w in the Polish Lowlands (fig. 1). The difference between the assemblages here studied and that from the Dog­ ger of L~czyca concerns the lack of the genus Vaugonia Crickmay in the former. The genus Rutitrigonia van Hoepen, represented here by R. scor­ covensis sp.n. was hitherto known from the Upper Kimmeridgian and Cretaceous of Africa, Philippines and. Japan; its record from the Lower Kimmeridgian of the Holy Cross Mts indicates that its stratigraphic and geographic ranges are wider than it was previously assumed. The trigoniids derived from Upper Jurassic rocks are usually repre­ sented by moulds often deformed, with obliterated sculpture and shell preserved in fragments whilst those derived from the Middle Jurassic ­ by shells and valves with well-preserved sculpture. The material studied was collected in the course of field works carried out by the author or was made available through the courtesy of Dr. M. 274 HALINA PUGACZEWSKA Siemiqtkowska and Professor J. Kutek of the Institute of Geology of the Warsaw University. The photos were made by Mrs. E. Mulawa of the Institute of Paleobiology of the Polish Academy of Science. The systematics of Trigoniidae is accepted partly after McCormick & Moore (1969) and Kobayashi (1954). The abbreviations used in the paleon- .f~_._ __. ._._. .~ \ i \.. .. \.. \ \ \. ..I \ i., ./ i (_.i ,./ i '" i ./ I i i ~_~_~Iqokm \. J......... _ ..... "'.'"'. , j l '-'-''-~J Fig. 1. Location of outcrops of the Middle and Upper Jurassic. tological descriptions are as follows: H- height, L- length, L/H ­ length index, R- number of ribs and C- convexity. The collection is housed in the Institute of Paleobiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (ZPAL). TRIGONIIDS IN THE JURASSIC DEPOSITS OF POLAND The oldest assemblage of trigoniids studied by the author comprises 12 species derived from the Vesulian of L~czyca (Pugaczewska 1976). The Vesulian is represented bya series of siltstone-clay deposits with sandy JURASSIC TRIGONIIDAE OF POLAND 275 intercalations, clay shaly siltstones with siderites and clay shales with si­ derites overlying iron ore deposits series with lumachelle intercalations (Znosko 1957). The deposits yield the trigoniid assemblage richest in spe­ cies and individuals and generally characterized by excellent preservation of the material. The lithology of the Vesulian of that area indicates that the sedimentary basin of the Polish Lowlands was shallow, with poorly oxidated waters, that is, with reducing conditions. A specific faunal assemblage is connected with Callovian deposits of glacial drift from I:..uk6w in the Polish Lowlands (Makowski 1952). The Callovian is represented by calcareous and sideritic-clay nodules often with pyrite. The nodules are very rich in invertebrate remains including shells of two trigoniids: Myophorella clavellata and T. costata. The trigon­ iids are excellently preserved, with shell and very well visible sculpture. The trigoniid fauna derived from the Upper Bathonian - Lower Cal­ lovian strata exposed by the Wola Morawicka quarry in SW margin of the Holy Cross Mts is well preserved similarly as that from I:..uk6w. This assemblage comprises Trigonia tenuicosta, T. denticulata and T. costata. The specimens occur in nests in massive conglomerates with quartzite sandstone pebbles and in sandy limestones with onkolites. The deposits yield rich invertebrate fauna primarily comprising gastropods, br,achio­ pods and pelecypods. The sedimentary basin of the SW margins of the Holy Cross Mts from the Late Bathonian and earliest Callovian times was characterized by highly agitated and shallow waters which is evidenced by conglomerates and the transgressive nature (Dayczak-Calikowska & Kopik 1973). The trigoniid fauna from the Upper Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian of the Holy Cross Mts is very rich in species but poor in individuals which are usually represented by moulds or imprints with small fragments of the shell. The bulk of the material is derived from hard pellitic limestones and alternating layers of oolitic limestones, marls, oyster lumachelles and on­ kolitic limestones cropping out in the NW-SW margins of the Holly Cross Mts (Sulej6w, Radomsko area, G6ry Mokre, Oleszno, Skork6w, Malogoszcz, Sobk6w). The presence of oolitic, microonkolitic and pisoonkolitic interca­ lations indicates for deposition in shallow marine basin about 20 m in depth (Kutek 1969, p. 253). The following trigoniids were found here: Trigonia monilijera, T. elongata, T. suevi, T. papillata, Myophorella bronni, M. bicostata and Ruttitrigonia skorkovensis sp.n. Tree of these species were also reported from the Ilzaand Radom areas in NE margins of the Holy Cross Mts (Dqbrowska 1953, Dembowska 1953) that is Trigonia monilijera, T. papillata and Myophorella bronni. The last species occurs abundantly in the Kimmeridgian of the Ilza area (Dqbrowska 1953). It should be no­ ted that in the Kimmeridgian of margins of the Holy Cross Mts Trigonia costata was found which is characterized by very wide stratigraphic ran- 276 HALINA PUGACZEWSKA ge. This species was reported from the Vesulian of L~czyca (Pugaczewska 1976) and, at present, from the Callovian of Lukow in the Polish Lowlands; elsewhere it is known also from the Bajocian. T. suevi,hitherto known from the Volgian-Berriasian of the Moscow region, occurs in the Lower Kimmeridgian of the SW margins of the Holy .Cross Mts (Gory Mokre region) and in the Portlandian of the Central Poland (bore cores). The record of trigoniids from the Cracow-Cz~stochowaregion is very poor. Trigonia denticulata was· reported from yellow oolitic limestones cropping out in the Cz~stochowa region (Rozycki 1953). This species is also known from the Lower Bajocian of Bachowice, the western Carpathian Mts. (Ksiqzkiewicz 1956). The largest trigoniid of the Polish Jurassic, Tri­ gonia meriani, is reported from the Upper Callovian deposits of the Zalas­ -Sanka area, Cracow region, which are represented by yellow oolitic marls with nodules and pebbles of sandy, often. oolitic limestones. Trigonia meriani was also found in higher horizons of the Lower Callovian from the Cz~stochowa region (RoZycki 1953) and Upper Oxfordian of NE margins of the Holy Cross Mts (Radom area) Dembowska 1953). The MaIm deposits from the western Pomerania (Czarnoglowy) yielded Trigonia papillata, Myophorella bronni and M. bicostata, also known from coeval strata of the SW margins of the Holy Cross Mts (Sobkow, Go­ ry Mokre, Radomsko area). Lower Kimmeridgian Myophorella bronni of the Czarnoglowy occurs in deposit represented mainly by clay and often by oolitic limestones and lumachelles. The detailed reconstruction of fa­ cies and paleoecological environment, carried out on the basis of litholog­ ical premises (Dmoch 1970; Wilczynski 1962) has shown that the deposition was taking place in shallow-water basin with sediment bottom and was discontinuous which is evidenced by hardground surfaces. M. bronni is re­ ported from the Bononian of Tomaszow Mazowiecki. The above review shows that the trigoniids lived mainly at shallow depths under variable environmental conditions. SYSTEMATIC PART Family Trigoniidae Lamarck, 1819 Subfamily Trigoniinae Lamarck, 1819 Genus Trigonia Bruguiere, 1789 Trigonia denticulata (Agassiz, 1840) (pI. 20: 2-4) 1932. Lyriodon denticulatum Agassiz (1840); Lebkiichner: 92, pI. 11: 11-14, pI. 12: 1-8, pI. 13: 1-2 (see synonymy). Material. - Three well-preserved shells and one left valve (ZPAL No. X/4--6,18). Dimensions (in mm): H L LlH R (ribs) 30-45 29-42 0.96-0.93 26-34 JURASSIC TRIGONIIDAE OF POLAND 277 Supplementary description. - Valve 20 mm high, ornamented with 24 concen­ tric ribs; ligament fulcrum short, 4 X 1.5 mm in size, situated in subumbonal part of posterior escutcheon margin; escutcheon very narrow and elongated, 24 X 6 mm in size. Remarks. - The Polish specimens differ from those described from Germany by Lebkuchner (1932) only in more crowded concentric ribs; their number on 20 mm valve flank equals 18 in German specimens. Occurrence. - Poland: Lower Bajocian (Bachowice), Upper Bathonian (Cz~sto­ chowa area) and lowermost Callovian (Wola Morawicka). Western Europe: Aalenian­ Lover Callovian. Trigonia tenuicosta Lycett, 1853 (pI. 20: 6) 1932. Lyriodon tenuicostum Lycett (1853); Lebkuchner: 89, pI. 10: 9-10, pI. 11: 3-4 . (see synonymy). Material - Well-preserved right valve of adult individual (ZPAL Mo.Xl3). Supplementary description. - Valve 44 mm high, 40 mm long, ornamented with 37 concentric ribs; flank of valve 20 mm high ornamented with 25 ribs. Inter-rib spaces equally wide as ribs; this relation remains constant throughout the growth stages. Lateral teeth relatively narrow and long, 1.5 X 10 mm in size. Remarks. - German specimens are characterized by variable interrib space to rib width ratio, ranging from 1:1.4 to 1:2.4 while the nll.mber of ribs on flank of valve 20 mm high is similar as in Polish specimen, equalling 22-27 (Lebkuchner 1932: 89), English specimens figured by Lebkuchner (I.e.: pI.
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    Title Permian Bivalves of Japan Author(s) Nakazawa, Keiji; Newell, D. Norman Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Citation geology and mineralogy (1968), 35(1): 1-108 Issue Date 1968-10-11 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/186552 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University MEMOIRs oF THE FAcuLTy oF SclENcE, KyOTo UNIvERslTY, SERIEs oF GEoL. MINERAL.& Vol. XXXV, No. 1, pp. 1-108, Pls. 1-11 Permian Bivalves of Japan By Keiji NAKAzAwA and Norman D. NEwELL* (Received Aprii 28, 1968) Abstract Permian bivalve molluscs ofJapan shed interesting new light on the paleontological com- position of the youngest, post-fusulinid, marine faunas of the highest Paleozoic, and the bivalves tend to bridge the gap between the uppermost Permian and the lowest Triassic occupied in most regions ofthe world by a hiatus. However, there is a noteworthy break, even inJapan, between the Permian and Triassic ,systems where there are no bivalve species in common between the Permian and Triassic. Ninety-six species belonging to 46 genera of bivalves are distinguished in theJapanese Perrnian. Among these, 58 species, ofwhich 18 are new, are described in this paper. TowaPteria, Ensi teria, Tambanelta, HayasakaPecten, and Gnjocardita are proposed herein as new genera, and PermoPerna is presented as a new subgenus of Waagenoperna. It is worthy of note that the bivalves did not decrease in number and diversity during the late Permian, in contrast to some other invertebrates, and that the late Permian Gujo Formation con- tains a mixed fauna of Permian and Triassic aspect. Some Mesozoic types, such as Neoschizodus, Costatoria and WaagemoPerna, appeared in the middle Permian Kanokura Series.
  • Ontogeny and Autecology of an Early Cretaceous Trigoniide Bivalve from Neuquén Basin, Argentina

    Ontogeny and Autecology of an Early Cretaceous Trigoniide Bivalve from Neuquén Basin, Argentina

    Ontogeny and autecology of an Early Cretaceous trigoniide bivalve from Neuquén Basin, Argentina JAVIER ECHEVARRÍA Echevarría, J. 2014. Ontogeny and autecology of an Early Cretaceous trigoniide bivalve from Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (2): 407–420. Understanding ontogenetic variation is fundamental for adequate species definition and is the key for recognizing evo- lutionary relevant processes like heterochrony or developmental constraints. The larval and post-larval shell ontogeny and the ecology of the trigoniide bivalve Myophorella garatei are described in this paper. The species occurs in offshore transition facies of the late Valanginian Pilmatué Member of the Agrio Formation in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The larval shell has a rather small prodissoconch I; and if prodissoconch II is present, it is rather weakly developed. From these data, a larval stage of low dispersal capability is inferred for Myophorella garatei, either short-lived planktotro- phic or nonplanktotrophic. The study of post-larval development included general shell shape and ornamentation. To assess general shell shape a geometric morphometric analysis was performed on the lateral view, together with a study of allometry for the shell width. As a result, two main allometric stages of development could be identified. During the first stage a relative size reduction of the area co-occurs with a slight elongation of the shell, while the second stage is marked by dorsal bending of the shell and an increase on relative width. Ornamentation was examined qualitatively, but also a geometric morphometric analysis was performed on the flank costae. The first two flank costae are subconcentric; from the third costa onwards they become oblique, intially changing from more curved to less curved shapes, while on a third stage they show the opposite trend.