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CHAPTER 10: NATURAL RESOURCES From an East Providence Resident: “Among the best things about East Providence are our parks, the bike path, and our location along the waterfront.” 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.2 FINDINGS AND CHALLENGES ……………………………………………………………………………………. 10.3 WHAT THE COMMUNITY SAID …………………………………………………………………………………. 10.4 GEOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.4 NATURAL RESOURCES PROFILE ………………………………………………………………………………… 10.4 SOILS AND GROUNDWATER …………………………………………………………………………. 10.4 INLAND WATERS ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.6 COASTAL WATERS AND COASTAL FEATURES ………………………………………………… 10.9 FORESTED AREAS AND “URBAN FOREST” …………………………………………………….. 10.10 AGRICULTURAL LAND …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.11 WILDLIFE HABITAT ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.13 SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND STORMATER RUNOFF …………………………………………….. 10.14 LOCAL AND REGIONAL NATURAL RESOURCE ORGANIZATIONS ………………………………… 10.16 RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10.18 10.1 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element Chapter 10- Natural Resources INTRODUCTION Natural resources are a crucial ingredient in the well-being of the community and should be perpetuated for their visual, passive recreational and aesthetic qualities; as habitat for local wildlife, and for their natural hazard mitigation function. These resources are finite and irreplaceable. Our natural resources have an impact that extends beyond the bounds of the City and should be viewed in their local and regional context. Vision Statement East Providence’s natural resources are preserved and enhanced for their aesthetic and passive recreational qualities, as habitat for local wildlife, and for their natural hazard mitigation function. Photo 10.1: East Bay Bike Path sunset view at Boyden Heights Conservation Area. Photo: East Providence Conservation Commission 10.2 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element Findings Challenges East Providence has several preserved Restoring degraded environments natural areas with scenic attributes and including industrial brownfield sites is a wildlife habitat not commonly found close lengthy and expensive process. to the urban core. Improving the quality of stormwater run- Three watersheds are found within the City off into both freshwater and tidewater of East Providence. areas during times of heavy rainfall. The City has approximately 800 acres, or Controlling all-terrain recreational vehicle about 1.25 square miles, of coastal and use where it is degrading City owned freshwater wetlands. woodlands and recreation areas. Wetland areas are found throughout the Increasing public awareness with regard City and are often in close proximity to to fertilizer use and private landscaping, roadways, buildings and other especially near along water bodies, infrastructure. wetlands, and floodplains. Numerous open areas, particularly near Discouraging the feeding of wildlife the waterfront, have contamination from including geese and deer. prior industrial uses. Preventing illegal dumping onto City East Providence has an active Conservation property and into catch basins and storm Commission which has helped to preserve drains. and enhance natural areas in the City. Predicted values of sea level rise have the potential to affect coastal wetlands including areas along saltwater coves and along the lower part of the Runnins River. Nutrient loading from fertilizer use and other non-point pollution sources in the City and upstream causes significant freshwater quality issues at times, especially in the Ten Mile River system including the Turner Reservoir and Central Pond. The Rhode Island Wildlife Action Plan ranks invasive species as the greatest threat to wildlife habitats. 10.3 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element WHAT THE COMMUNITY SAID In a survey, nearly 60 percent of respondents consider natural areas with preserved woodlands and trails to be “very important”, and 90% consider this to be “very important” or “somewhat important”. Clean-up of polluted properties is seen as a high priority impact item of the City’s waterfront development. Many residents enjoy the East Providence’s proximity to the water and other natural areas while having City amenities very close by. GEOGRAPHY Topography and Landscape Character East Providence lies within the coastal plain of southeastern New England, along the eastern bank of the head of Narragansett Bay, 25 to 30 miles north of the closest point on the open Atlantic Ocean. While the topography of the City is relatively low and flat, there are some elevated areas along with three distinct drainage sub-basins. The higher points in the City are across the central portion, generally within a mile to the south of Interstate 195. The highest point is near the City’s water tower in Kent Heights, with an elevation of about 150 feet above sea level. Other relative high points, where the elevation reaches 100 to 140 feet, also in this part of the city, located near Bradley Hospital, near Juniper Street and Eighth Avenue, near Exit 7 along I-195, and just east of the Veterans Memorial Parkway overlook. The southern portion of the City including nearly all of Riverside is rather flat with elevations mostly ranging from 20 to 50 feet. The Riverside shoreline along the Providence River and Narragansett Bay features a bluff from the Wastewater Treatment Plan southward to Bullocks Point, with an elevation averaging 30 feet. North of Interstate 195, the terrain away from the immediate tidal shore ranges from 10 to 20 feet near the Runnins River and the lower Ten Mile River to 60 to 80 feet near I-195 and also in the City’s northern interior. Slopes within the City are gentle with the exception of a few areas along Veterans Memorial Parkway and the East Bay Bike Path, and along the coastal bluffs in Riverside. NATURAL RESOURCES PROFILE SOILS AND GROUNDWATER Soils in East Providence are composed largely of glacial deposits of varying composition and density (see Soil Parent Material map and chart for details). Numerous surface areas were altered with fill material over time, largely to support industrial and larger retail uses both along the waterfront and inland. Seasonal high groundwater is evident at in scattered areas throughout the City including numerous areas of hydric soils (see Wetlands section below), particularly near the Ten Mile and Runnins Rivers. Water table depths are illustrated on Map 2. Many of the areas classified as “variable” in seasonal high- water depth are either heavily developed now, or have been in the past. 10.4 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element Map1: Seasonal High Water Table Depth 10.5 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element INLAND WATERS Watersheds A watershed is an area of land that drains to the same lake, river, ocean or other water body1. East Providence is within the Narragansett Bay Watershed, which encompasses most of Rhode Island and interior southeastern Massachusetts along with a portion of southern Worcester County in Massachusetts. There are three principle sub-watersheds found within East Providence Seekonk River-Providence River Sub- Watershed: This encompasses close to half of the City’s area and includes most of our population. It includes small streams and other drainage flowing directly into the Seekonk and Providence Rivers, and into upper Narragansett Bay via Bullocks Cove, or via Allin’s Cove in Barrington. Ten Mile River Sub-Watershed: This area, comprising most of northern East Providence away from the immediate Seekonk River shore, drains into the lower-most portion of the Ten Mile River and ultimately into the Seekonk River. The entire Ten Mile Drainage Basin encompasses an area of about about 54 square miles, most of which is upstream in Massachusetts but also includes the eastern portion of Pawtucket. Runnins River-Hundred Acre Cove Sub- Map 10.2: East Providence Sub-Watersheds Watershed: This basin includes the eastern portion of central and southern East Providence along with a large part of Seekonk a portion of Rehoboth. Areas immediately adjacent to the Runnins River are low in elevation with wetlands and relatively wide floodplain areas. The Runnins River Basin (above the Mobil Dam) measures 9.7 square miles. The mapped divide between the Ten Mile and Runnins River basins includes a section of Taunton Avenue (Rte. 44); though during the March 2010 floods, water from the Ten Mile crossed the lowest portion of Taunton Avenue near the Seekonk line, closing the roadway for a short period. The true divide based on elevation in that immediate area may actually be located along Commercial Way a little south of Taunton Avenue. 1 Narragansett Bay “Watershed Counts” 2014 Annual Report, http://watershedcounts.org/documents/Watershed_Counts_Report_2014.pdf . 10.6 2017 East Providence Comprehensive Plan- Natural Resources Element Wetlands Coastal and freshwater wetlands provide valuable habitat for some of the City’s diverse wildlife, and also provide flood storage and help to filter stream flows and runoff. The City of East Providence has wetland areas totaling over 800 acres, around one-tenth of the City. The majority of this acreage is located to the north and northeast of the residential area of Riverside and eastward to the Runnins River. Of this, much is freshwater wetland