Footsteps of St Paul
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The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. -
Preserving & Promoting Understanding of the Monastic
We invite you to help the MOUNT ATHOS Preserving & Promoting FOUNDATION OF AMERICA Understanding of the in its efforts. Monastic Communities You can share in this effort in two ways: of Mount Athos 1. DONATE As a 501(c)(3), MAFA enables American taxpayers to make tax-deductible gifts and bequests that will help build an endowment to support the Holy Mountain. 2. PARTICIPATE Become part of our larger community of patrons, donors, and volunteers. Become a Patron, OUr Mission Donor, or Volunteer! www.mountathosfoundation.org MAFA aims to advance an understanding of, and provide benefit to, the monastic community DONATIONS BY MAIL OR ONLINE of Mount Athos, located in northeastern Please make checks payable to: Greece, in a variety of ways: Mount Athos Foundation of America • and RESTORATION PRESERVATION Mount Athos Foundation of America of historic monuments and artifacts ATTN: Roger McHaney, Treasurer • FOSTERING knowledge and study of the 2810 Kelly Drive monastic communities Manhattan, KS 66502 • SUPPORTING the operations of the 20 www.mountathosfoundation.org/giving monasteries and their dependencies in times Questions contact us at of need [email protected] To carry out this mission, MAFA works cooperatively with the Athonite Community as well as with organizations and foundations in the United States and abroad. To succeed in our mission, we depend on our patrons, donors, and volunteers. Thank You for Your Support The Holy Mountain For more than 1,000 years, Mount Athos has existed as the principal pan-Orthodox, multinational center of monasticism. Athos is unique within contemporary Europe as a self- governing region claiming the world’s oldest continuously existing democracy and entirely devoted to monastic life. -
Greece • Crete • Turkey May 28 - June 22, 2021
GREECE • CRETE • TURKEY MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 Tour Hosts: Dr. Scott Moore Dr. Jason Whitlark organized by GREECE - CRETE - TURKEY / May 28 - June 22, 2021 May 31 Mon ATHENS - CORINTH CANAL - CORINTH – ACROCORINTH - NAFPLION At 8:30a.m. depart from Athens and drive along the coastal highway of Saronic Gulf. Arrive at the Corinth Canal for a brief stop and then continue on to the Acropolis of Corinth. Acro-corinth is the citadel of Corinth. It is situated to the southwest of the ancient city and rises to an elevation of 1883 ft. [574 m.]. Today it is surrounded by walls that are about 1.85 mi. [3 km.] long. The foundations of the fortifications are ancient—going back to the Hellenistic Period. The current walls were built and rebuilt by the Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Ottoman Turks. Climb up and visit the fortress. Then proceed to the Ancient city of Corinth. It was to this megalopolis where the apostle Paul came and worked, established a thriving church, subsequently sending two of his epistles now part of the New Testament. Here, we see all of the sites associated with his ministry: the Agora, the Temple of Apollo, the Roman Odeon, the Bema and Gallio’s Seat. The small local archaeological museum here is an absolute must! In Romans 16:23 Paul mentions his friend Erastus and • • we will see an inscription to him at the site. In the afternoon we will drive to GREECE CRETE TURKEY Nafplion for check-in at hotel followed by dinner and overnight. (B,D) MAY 28 - JUNE 22, 2021 June 1 Tue EPIDAURAUS - MYCENAE - NAFPLION Morning visit to Mycenae where we see the remains of the prehistoric citadel Parthenon, fortified with the Cyclopean Walls, the Lionesses’ Gate, the remains of the Athens Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon in which we will actually enter. -
Epidemic Waves of the Black Death in the Byzantine Empire
Le Infezioni in Medicina, n. 3, 193-201, 2011 Le infezioni Epidemic waves of the Black nella sto - Death in the Byzantine Empire ria della medicina (1347-1453 AD) Ondate epidemiche della Morte Nera nell’Impero Bizantino Infections (1347-1453 d.C.) in the history of medicine Costas Tsiamis 1, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou 2, Athanassios Tsakris 3, Eleni Petridou 1 1Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; 2Department of History of Medicine, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; 3Department of Microbiology, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece n INTRODUCTION a small geographical area is impressive; it is ba - sically a case of “all against all”. The Republics he completeness of the Byzantine historiog - of Venice and Genova held strategic and eco - raphy of the plague epidemics in the 14 th and nomically important areas in the region after T15 th century cannot be compared with that the 4 th Crusade (1204) and were in permanent of the West. References made to the plague are conflict with the Byzantines for control of the often in conjunction with other concurrent his - Aegean Sea and the trade roads [2, 3]. torical events. The political turmoil and the de - In the east, the Ottoman Turks of Asia Minor cline experienced by the Empire in the 13 th and exert pressure on the Empire of Trebizond, in - 14 th century gradually changed the mentality of vading the Balkan Peninsula, detaching Greek Byzantine scholars. Military defeats, civil wars, territories of the Byzantine Empire, while fight - earthquakes and natural disasters were joined by ing with Venice, Genova and the Knights of the plague, which exacerbated the people’s sense Saint John of Rhodes for control of the sea [4, 5]. -
Contested Authenticity Anthropological Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism on Mount Athos
religions Article Contested Authenticity Anthropological Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism on Mount Athos Michelangelo Paganopoulos Global Inquiries and Social Theory Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; [email protected] Abstract: This paper investigates the evolution of customer service in the pilgrimage tourist industry, focusing on Mount Athos. In doing so, it empirically deconstructs the dialectics of the synthesis of “authentic experience” between “pilgrims” and “tourists” via a set of internal and external reciprocal exchanges that take place between monks and visitors in two rival neighboring monasteries. The paper shows how the traditional value of hospitality is being reinvented and reappropriated according to the personalized needs of the market of faith. In this context, the paper shows how traditional monastic roles, such as those of the guest-master and the sacristan, have been reinvented, along with traditional practices such as that of confession, within the wider turn to relational subjectivity and interest in spirituality. Following this, the material illustrates how counter claims to “authenticity” emerge as an arena of reinvention and contestation out of the competition between rival groups of monks and their followers, arguing that pilgrimage on Athos requires from visitors their full commitment and active involvement in their role as “pilgrims”. The claim to “authenticity” is a matter of identity and the means through which a visitor is transformed from a passive “tourist” to Citation: Paganopoulos, an active “pilgrim”. Michelangelo. 2021. Contested Authenticity Anthropological Keywords: authenticity; spirituality; Mount Athos; hospitality; pilgrimage tourism Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism on Mount Athos. -
An Argive Decree from Nemea Concerning Aspendos
AN ARGIVE DECREE FROM NEMEA CONCERNING ASPENDOS (PLATE47) E XCAVATIONS in the Sanctuaryof Zeus at Nemea have revealed that in numbers of inscriptions discoveredthis Panhellenic shrine is more like Isthmia than its other two counterparts, Olympia and Delphi. The two sites in the northeasternPeloponnesos have producedbetween them only a modest collectionof inscribedtexts comparedwith the thou- sands of documents which fill the volumes of Die Inschriften von Olympia, Fouilles de Delphes: Tome III, Epigraphie, and their various supplements. Recent work at Nemea by the University of California at Berkeley has not dramaticallyaltered this picture, but a few interesting inscriptions have been recovered in the last several years.1 I here publish in preliminary form one of the more important of these, a decree of Argos concerning the Pamphylian state of Aspendos.2 The text of this decree survives on three joining fragmentsof a stele of hard, gray lime- stone which were excavated from an ancient well near the southwest corner of the Temple of Zeus (grid: K 14). In a preliminary report on this well, the Field Director, S. G. Miller, noted that the three fragmentslay at a level of -6.50 to -7.80 m. in a dumped filling which is probably to be dated in the second half of the 3rd century B.C.3 1 Inscriptionsfrom Nemea are published in IG IV, 479-488; SEG XI, 290-295; XXIII, 178-185; XXV, 356, 357; XXVI, 419-421; XXVIII, 391, 392; XXIX, 347-353; XXX, 351-353. Several other texts are briefly mentioned in the preliminary reportsof Stephen G. -
Mount Athos(Greece)
World Heritage 30 COM Patrimoine mondial Paris, 10 April / 10 avril 2006 Original: English / anglais Distribution limited / distribution limitée UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE CONVENTION CONCERNANT LA PROTECTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL, CULTUREL ET NATUREL WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE / COMITE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL Thirtieth session / Trentième session Vilnius, Lithuania / Vilnius, Lituanie 08-16 July 2006 / 08-16 juillet 2006 Item 7 of the Provisional Agenda: State of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. Point 7 de l’Ordre du jour provisoire: Etat de conservation de biens inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial. JOINT UNESCO/WHC-ICOMOS-IUCN EXPERT MISSION REPORT / RAPPORT DE MISSION CONJOINTE DES EXPERTS DE L’UNESCO/CPM, DE L’ICOMOS ET DE L’IUCN Mount Athos (Greece) (454) / Mont Athos (Grece) (454) 30 January – 3 February 2006/ 30 janvier – 3 février 2006 This mission report should be read in conjunction with Document: Ce rapport de mission doit être lu conjointement avec le document suivant: WHC-06/30.COM/7A WHC-06/30.COM/7A.Add WHC-06/30.COM/7B WHC-06/30.COM/7B.Add REPORT ON THE JOINT MISSION UNESCO – ICOMOS- IUCN TO MOUNT ATHOS, GREECE, FROM 30 JANUARY TO 3 FEBRUARY 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS 1 BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION o Inscription history o Inscription criteria -
Evidence for Damaging Historical Earthquakes at Priene, Western Turkey
Tr. J. of Earth Sciences E. ALTUNEL 7 (1998) 25-35 © TÜBİTAK Evidence for Damaging Historical Earthquakes at Priene, Western Turkey Erhan ALTUNEL Osmangazi Universitesi Jeoloji Müh. Bölümü, Bademlik, Eskişehir-TURKEY Received: 29.08.1997 Abstract: The ancient cilty of Priene was one of the earliest Ionian settlements within the western part of the Büyük Menderes valley (the ancient Maeander River) and was first founded about 8 km in the east of the present site. The old Priene was probably destroyed by a destructive earthquake in the 350s BC and the city was shifted to the existing place in 350 BC. The new city contains an abundance of evidence related to earthquakes. The following evidence indicates that damaging earthquakes, occurred in the Büyük Menderes graben, caused great damage to the new Priene. (1) Part of the Sacred Stoa is offset by about 5 cm dextrally and about 50 cm vertically; (2) in the western end of the Sacred Stoa, stair blocks are displaced and tilted; (3) block stones of a N- S- trending street wall are displaced and tilted about 16˚ to north; (4) floor blocks of the agora are displaced and broken; (5) block stones of a semicircular building and two adjacent columns, near the nothwestern corner of the agora, are tilted up to 16˚ to north and (6) the lower column-shafts in the Temple of Athena broken all the way around on their bottoms. In addition, restoration of some public buildings (such as the agora, the theatre, street walls and water reservoirs) in the cilty centre in different times and renovation of the cult statue and the altar in the Temple of Athena indicate that the city was affected by damaging earthquakes at various times after it was rebuilt. -
IN PAUL's FOOTSTEPS in TURKEY September 18
Tutku Travel Programs Endorsed by Biblical Archaeology Society IN PAUL’S FOOTSTEPS IN TURKEY September 18 - October 3, 2021 Tour Host: Dr. Meg Ramey organized by In Paul’s Footsteps in Turkey / September 18 - October 3, 2021 Laodicea Perga IN PAUL’S FOOTSTEPS IN TURKEY Dr. Meg Ramey, Ph.D., Founder and Executive Director of WorldKind Sept 22 Wed Iconium – Sille – Lystra – Konya The apostle Paul is believed to be the second-most influential figure You will first visit the ancient acropolis of Iconium in Konya’s city center. You in the formation of Christianity after Jesus himself. Asia Minor, or then visit the archaeological museum and its important inscriptions mentioning Anatolia, is where many of the events associated with Paul’s life Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe. Next you will visit St. Helena’s Church at Sille. In and ministry took place. Paul was a native of Tarsus in Cilicia, one of our stops. the afternoon you will visit ancient Lystra, the home of Timothy, visted by Paul From Antioch to Troas we will follow the routes traveled during his journeys on his three journeys. In Hatunsaray you will see the small open-air museum of by land and sea. We will even see some of the Roman roads upon which he antiquities from Lystra. Return to Konya for dinner and overnight. (B,D) walked. At each site we will explore the archaeological realia still remaining; in Sept 23 Thu Pisidian Antioch – Antalya museums we will encounter the artefacts that the apostle saw and You will depart early for Yalvaç, the site of the Roman colony of Pisidian Antioch. -
Meteora Greece
METEORA GREECE This group of six monasteries known collectively as Meteora (‘hovering in the sky’) was built as refuges on isolated almost inaccessible towers of sandstone. From the 11th century on monks settled on top of these pinnacles and, between the 13th and 16th centuries, built twenty-four monasteries. This was at the time of the great 15th century revival of the eremetic ideal as the Eastern Roman empire gave way to Ottoman Turkey. Their 16th-century frescoes mark a key stage in the development of late Byzantine painting. COUNTRY Greece NAME Meteora MIXED CULTURAL AND NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SERIAL SITE 1988: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Cultural Criteria i, ii, iv and v + Natural Criterion vii. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY III Natural Monument BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE Balkan Highlands (2.33.12) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Meteora is situated to the east of the Pindos range in northeastern Thessaly approximately 25 km north-northwest of Trikala. The site lies just north of the main highway between Ioannina and Larisa The protected area extends from some 0.5 km north of the town of Kalambaka northwest for some 2 to 3 km. It is 1.5 km at its widest point and includes the village of Kastraki: 39° 45'N x 21° 37'E. DATE AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT 1988: The area is protected by legislative provisions including protective status for the village of Kastraki. LAND TENURE Owned by the state. The monasteries are under the control of the Greek Orthodox Church. The archaeological relics are under the care of the Direction of Conservation & Seventh Ephoreia of Byzantine Antiquities, in the Ministry of Culture AREA 271.9 ha with a buffer area of 1884.1 ha (UNESCO, 2005). -
14 Days at Your Local Passport Office
Hosted By: JOIN US YOUR ST. MATTHEW’S CHURCH for a BEDFORD Trip of a Lifetime INVITATION! Departing: IMPORTANT INFORMATION Theologian, Ernst Kasemann, posited that: “Paul taught what Jesus did.” St. Paul was the first great Christian missionary. MARCH 15, 2020 from New York, NY (JFK) $ His influence upon the history of Christendom is second to Deposit - 500 none. This coming March, we have the great opportunity to on Turkish Airlines or similar (upon booking) visit a large number of the historic sights associated with Paul’s ministry. Stops include Athens, Corinth, Philippi, Ephesus, $ .00 2nd Payment Due: Patmos, and many others. These are the birthplaces of some 5,498 OCTOBER 17, 2019 of the earliest Christian churches, and are well documented in All Inclusive! the pages of the New Testament. The trip will be led by me, as Full Payment Due: the trip chaplain, and my father, Paul, who is a New Testament Land Only Rate* DECEMBER 31, 2019 scholar and classicist with extensive knowledge of the area, and who has been visiting these places regularly for more than 40 $4,798.00 Each tour member must hold a years. Together, we will certainly deepen our understanding of passport that is valid until at least *Airfare not included our Christian roots, and, ultimately, connect with God in new OCTOBER 15, 2020. and exciting ways. Please join us for what will be a life-changing Application forms are available trip, following the footsteps of St. Paul. 14 Days at your local Passport Office. Grace & Peace, Any required visas other than IN THE FOOTSTEPS Turkey, will be processed for US citizens only. -
About Thessaloniki
INFORMATION ON THESSALONIKI Thessaloniki is one of the oldest cities in Europe and the second largest city in Greece. It was founded in 315 B.C. by Cassander, King of Macedonia and was named after his wife Thessaloniki, sister of Alexander the Great. Today Thessaloniki is considered to be one of the most important trade and communication centers in the Mediterranean. This is evident from its financial and commercial activities as well as its geographical position and its infrastructure. As a historic city Thessaloniki is well – known from its White Tower dating from the middle of the 15th century in its present form. Thessaloniki presents a series of monuments from Roman and Byzantine times. It is known for its museums, Archaeological and Byzantine as well as for its Art, Historical and War museums and Galleries. Also, it is known for its Churches, particularly the church of Agia Sophia and the church of Aghios Dimitrios, the patron Saint of the city. Thessaloniki’s infrastructure, which includes the Universities campus, the International trade, its port and airport as well as its road rail network, increases the city’s reputation; it is also famous for its entertainment, attractions, gastronomy, shopping and even more. A place that becomes a vacation resort for many citizens of Thessaloniki especially in the summer and only 45 minutes away is Chalkidiki. Chalkidiki is a beautiful place, which combines the sea with the mountain. Today, Chalkidiki is a summer resort for the people of Thessaloniki. It is really a gifted place due to its natural resources, its crystal waters and also the graphical as well as traditional villages.