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Lara O'sullivan, Fighting with the Gods
The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME TWENTY-EIGHT: 2014 NUMBERS 3-4 Edited by: Edward Anson ò David Hollander ò Timothy Howe Joseph Roisman ò John Vanderspoel ò Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 28 (2014) Numbers 3-4 Edited by: Edward Anson, David Hollander, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume twenty-eight Numbers 3-4 82 Lara O’Sullivan, Fighting with the Gods: Divine Narratives and the Siege of Rhodes 99 Michael Champion, The Siege of Rhodes and the Ethics of War 112 Alexander K. Nefedkin, Once More on the Origin of Scythed Chariot 119 David Lunt, The Thrill of Victory and the Avoidance of Defeat: Alexander as a Sponsor of Athletic Contests NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Leuven), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, David Hollander, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel and Pat Wheatley. AHB promotes scholarly discussion in Ancient History and ancillary fields (such as epigraphy, papyrology, and numismatics) by publishing articles and notes on any aspect of the ancient world from the Near East to Late Antiquity. -
DONALD NICOL Donald Macgillivray Nicol 1923–2003
DONALD NICOL Donald MacGillivray Nicol 1923–2003 DONALD MACGILLIVRAY NICOL was born in Portsmouth on 4 February 1923, the son of a Scottish Presbyterian minister. He was always proud of his MacGillivray antecedents (on his mother’s side) and of his family’s connection with Culloden, the site of the Jacobite defeat in 1745, on whose correct pronunciation he would always insist. Despite attending school first in Sheffield and then in London, he retained a slight Scottish accent throughout his life. By the time he left St Paul’s School, already an able classical scholar, it was 1941; the rest of his education would have to wait until after the war. Donald’s letters, which he carefully preserved and ordered with the instinct of an archivist, provide details of the war years.1 In 1942, at the age of nineteen, he was teaching elementary maths, Latin and French to the junior forms at St-Anne’s-on-Sea, Lancashire. He commented to his father that he would be dismissed were it known that he was a conscientious objector. By November of that year he had entered a Friends’ Ambulance 1 The bulk of his letters are to his father (1942–6) and to his future wife (1949–50). Also preserved are the letters of his supervisor, Sir Steven Runciman, over a forty-year period. Other papers are his diaries, for a short period of time in 1944, his notebooks with drawings and plans of churches he studied in Epiros, and his account of his travels on Mount Athos. This material is now in the King’s College London Archives, by courtesy of the Nicol family. -
Ancient Greece an Aegean Odyssey
in Ancient Greece an Aegean Odyssey aboard the Exclusively Chartered, Newly Launched, Five-Star, Small Ship Le Lapérouse October 4 to 12, 2018 Dear VMFA Members: Join us on this comprehensive Aegean Odyssey to the very cradle of Western civilization and the classical world, exploring the iconic jewels and legendary mythical places of Ancient Greece. Cruise aboard the exclusively chartered, state-of-the-art, Five-Star Le Lapérouse, to be launched in 2018. Le Lapérouse introduces the deluxe and exclusive Blue Eye, the world’s first multisensory underwater lounge. Featuring only 92 Suites and Staterooms, this elegant small ship is able to sail into ports inaccessible to larger vessels. This spectacular voyage calls on Santorini, Delos, Mykonos, Pátmos, Rhodes and the Peloponnese peninsula—ancient destinations steeped in myth and history—and offers opportunities to visit nine magnificent UNESCO World Heritage sites. Visit the extraordinary scenic wonder of Meteora, where 24 Orthodox monasteries, built in the 14th and 15th centuries, are perched high atop soaring natural sandstone cliffs. Walk through the Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus, where the history of Hellenic and Roman early healing practices is engraved onto exquisitely preserved stelai, or inscribed stone slabs, and the Theater’s exemplary acoustics still reverberate today. Learn more about contemporary Greek island life during the exclusive Island Life® Forum, where you will meet and interact with local residents. Enjoy guided tours in these storied destinations and traditional Greek villages, with time at leisure to encounter their mysteries and delights at your own pace during the best time of the year. Aegean historian Eleni Zachariou will accompany us and share her extensive knowledge and expertise of the islands, Classical Art and Architecture and the peoples of her native Greece. -
Ancient Greece
Bucknell University Alumni Association Ancient GGreecereece aann AAegeanegean OOdysseydyssey aboard the Five-Star Small Ship M.S. LE LYYRIALRIAL September 18 to 26, 2017 Dear Bucknellian: Join us on this unparalleled and comprehensive Aegean Odyssey to the very cradle of Western civilization and the classical world, exploring the iconic jewels and legendary mythical places of Ancient Greece. Cruise aboard the state-of-the-art, Five-Star small ship M.S. LE LYRIAL, launched in 2015, featuring only 110 Suites and Staterooms with distinctive French sophistication. Enjoy all the advantages of small-ship cruising—a specially arranged and exclusive excursion each day, the ability to dock in small ports inaccessible to larger vessels, and no waiting in long lines for tenders. This spectacular voyage offers opportunities to visit nine magnifi cent UNESCO World Heritage sites. Call on Crete, Santorini, Delos, Mykonos, Pátmos and medieval Rhodes—islands steeped in myth and history. Visit the extraordinary scenic wonder of Meteora, where 24 Orthodox monasteries, built in the 14th and 15th centuries, are perched high atop soaring natural sandstone pinnacles, and walk through one of the most legendary sites in all of antiquity—the Palace of Minos at Knossos, where, in Greek mythology, heroic Theseus conquered the Minotaur. Enjoy guided tours in these storied destinations and traditional Greek villages, with time at leisure to encounter their mysteries and delights at your own pace during the best time of the year. Learn more about contemporary Greek -
ANASTASIOS GEORGOTAS “Archaeological Tourism in Greece
UNIVERSITY OF THE PELOPONNESE ANASTASIOS GEORGOTAS (R.N. 1012201502004) DIPLOMA THESIS: “Archaeological tourism in Greece: an analysis of quantitative data, determining factors and prospects” SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: - Assoc. Prof. Nikos Zacharias - Dr. Aphrodite Kamara EXAMINATION COMMITTEE: - Assoc. Prof. Nikolaos Zacharias - Dr. Aphrodite Kamara - Dr. Nikolaos Platis ΚΑΛΑΜΑΤΑ, MARCH 2017 Abstract . For many decades now, Greece has invested a lot in tourism which can undoubtedly be considered the country’s most valuable asset and “heavy industry”. The country is gifted with a rich and diverse history, represented by a variety of cultural heritage sites which create an ideal setting for this particular type of tourism. Moreover, the variations in Greece’s landscape, cultural tradition and agricultural activity favor the development and promotion of most types of alternative types of tourism, such as agro-tourism, religious, sports and medicinal tourism. However, according to quantitative data from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, despite the large number of visitors recorded in state-run cultural heritage sites every year, the distribution pattern of visitors presents large variations per prefecture. A careful examination of this data shows that tourist flows tend to concentrate in certain prefectures, while others enjoy little to no visitor preference. The main factors behind this phenomenon include the number and importance of cultural heritage sites and the state of local and national infrastructure, which determines the accessibility of sites. An effective analysis of these deficiencies is vital in order to determine solutions in order to encourage the flow of visitors to the more “neglected” areas. The present thesis attempts an in-depth analysis of cultural tourism in Greece and the factors affecting it. -
Preserving & Promoting Understanding of the Monastic
We invite you to help the MOUNT ATHOS Preserving & Promoting FOUNDATION OF AMERICA Understanding of the in its efforts. Monastic Communities You can share in this effort in two ways: of Mount Athos 1. DONATE As a 501(c)(3), MAFA enables American taxpayers to make tax-deductible gifts and bequests that will help build an endowment to support the Holy Mountain. 2. PARTICIPATE Become part of our larger community of patrons, donors, and volunteers. Become a Patron, OUr Mission Donor, or Volunteer! www.mountathosfoundation.org MAFA aims to advance an understanding of, and provide benefit to, the monastic community DONATIONS BY MAIL OR ONLINE of Mount Athos, located in northeastern Please make checks payable to: Greece, in a variety of ways: Mount Athos Foundation of America • and RESTORATION PRESERVATION Mount Athos Foundation of America of historic monuments and artifacts ATTN: Roger McHaney, Treasurer • FOSTERING knowledge and study of the 2810 Kelly Drive monastic communities Manhattan, KS 66502 • SUPPORTING the operations of the 20 www.mountathosfoundation.org/giving monasteries and their dependencies in times Questions contact us at of need [email protected] To carry out this mission, MAFA works cooperatively with the Athonite Community as well as with organizations and foundations in the United States and abroad. To succeed in our mission, we depend on our patrons, donors, and volunteers. Thank You for Your Support The Holy Mountain For more than 1,000 years, Mount Athos has existed as the principal pan-Orthodox, multinational center of monasticism. Athos is unique within contemporary Europe as a self- governing region claiming the world’s oldest continuously existing democracy and entirely devoted to monastic life. -
Post-ADE FAM Tour Classical Tour of History, Culture and Gastronomy April 18 - 22, 2018
Post-ADE FAM Tour Classical Tour of History, Culture and Gastronomy April 18 - 22, 2018 WHERE: Athens – Argolis – Olympia – Meteora –Athens WHEN: April 18-22, 2018 ITINERARY AT A GLANCE: • Wednesday, April 18 o Athens - Corinth Canal - Argolis - Nafplio • Thursday, April 19 o Nafplio – Arcadia - Olympia • Friday, April 20 o Nafpaktos – Delphi - Arachova • Saturday, April 21 o Hosios Lukas – Meteora • Sunday, April 22 o Meteora Monasteries – Thermopylae - Athens COST: Occupancy Price* Double Occupancy $735 Single Occupancy $953 Reservations on this tour MUST be made by December 31, 2017. WHAT’S INCLUDED*: • Private Land Travel o 5-day excursion o Private vehicle o English speaking driver o Gas and toll costs o Fridge with water, refreshments and snacks • Private Guided tours o Mycenae (1.5hr) - State licensed guide o Epidaurus (1.5hr) - State licensed guide o Nafplio Orientation tour (1.5 hr) - State licensed guide o Olympia (2hrs) - State licensed guide o Augmented reality Ipads o Delphi (2hrs) - State licensed guide o Meteora (3.5hrs) – Sunset tour – Specialized local guide o Meteora (5 hrs) – Monasteries tour - State licensed guide Classical Tour of History, Culture and Gastronomy I April 18 - 22, 2018 I Page 1 of 6 WHAT’S INCLUDED (cont.)*: • Entry Fees o Mycenae o Epidaurus o Olympia o Delphi o Hosios Lukas o Meteora Monasteries • Activities o Winery Visit & Wine Tasting in Nemea o Winery Visit & Wine Tasting in Olympia o Olive oil and olives tasting in Delphi • Meals o Breakfast and lunch or dinner throughout the 5-day itinerary • Taxes o All legal taxes • Accommodations– Double room occupancy o Day 1– Nafplio 4* hotel o Day 2 – Olympia 4* hotel o Day 3 – Arachova 5* hotel o Day 4 – Meteora 4* Hotel ESSENTIAL INFORMATION: • A minimum of 2 persons is required to operate this tour. -
Grand Tour of Greece, 7 Days
GRAND TOUR OF GREECE Escorted Motor-Coach Tour Departure dates: April 22, May 13 & 27, June 24 & 26, July 15, August 5, September 9, 16 & 23 7 days / 6 nights: 1 night in Olympia, 1 night in Delphi, 1 night in Kalambaka, 3 nights in Thessaloniki Accommodation Meals Tours Transportation Transfer Also includes Olympia Breakfast daily Tours as per itinerary. Modern Airport transfers Professional tour Hotel Arty Grand or similar air-conditioned included if arrival and director (English Delphi For the Monasteries, motorcoach or departure is on the language only) Hotel Amalia or similar ladies are requested minibus. scheduled days. Kalambaka Hotel Amalia or similar to wear a skirt and Service charge & hotel Thessaloniki gentlemen long taxes Mediterranian Palace or similar trousers. Land Rates 2021 US$ per Person Day by Day Itinerary Dates Twin Single Day 1: 8:45am - departure from Athens. Drive on and visit the Theatre of Epidaurus. Then All dates $1,572 $1,998 proceed to the Town of Nafplio, drive on to Mycenae and visit their major sights. Then depart for Olympia the cradle of the ancient Olympic Games. Overnight here. ← Thessaloniki Day 2: In the morning visit the sanctuary of Olympian Zeus, the Ancient Stadium, the spot where the torch of the modern Olympic Games is lit and the Archaeological Museum. Then drive on through the plains of Ilia and Achaia. Pass by the picturesque towns of Nafpactos (Lepanto) and Itea, arrive in Delphi. ← Day 3: In the morning visit the Museum of Delphi, the most famous oracle of the ancient Kalabaka ← world. Depart for Kalambaka, a small town located at the foot of the astonishing complex of Meteora. -
Epidemic Waves of the Black Death in the Byzantine Empire
Le Infezioni in Medicina, n. 3, 193-201, 2011 Le infezioni Epidemic waves of the Black nella sto - Death in the Byzantine Empire ria della medicina (1347-1453 AD) Ondate epidemiche della Morte Nera nell’Impero Bizantino Infections (1347-1453 d.C.) in the history of medicine Costas Tsiamis 1, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou 2, Athanassios Tsakris 3, Eleni Petridou 1 1Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; 2Department of History of Medicine, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; 3Department of Microbiology, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece n INTRODUCTION a small geographical area is impressive; it is ba - sically a case of “all against all”. The Republics he completeness of the Byzantine historiog - of Venice and Genova held strategic and eco - raphy of the plague epidemics in the 14 th and nomically important areas in the region after T15 th century cannot be compared with that the 4 th Crusade (1204) and were in permanent of the West. References made to the plague are conflict with the Byzantines for control of the often in conjunction with other concurrent his - Aegean Sea and the trade roads [2, 3]. torical events. The political turmoil and the de - In the east, the Ottoman Turks of Asia Minor cline experienced by the Empire in the 13 th and exert pressure on the Empire of Trebizond, in - 14 th century gradually changed the mentality of vading the Balkan Peninsula, detaching Greek Byzantine scholars. Military defeats, civil wars, territories of the Byzantine Empire, while fight - earthquakes and natural disasters were joined by ing with Venice, Genova and the Knights of the plague, which exacerbated the people’s sense Saint John of Rhodes for control of the sea [4, 5]. -
Eustathius of Antioch in Modern Research
VOX PATRUM 33 (2013) t. 59 Sophie CARTWRIGHT* EUSTATHIUS OF ANTIOCH IN MODERN RESEARCH Eustathius of Beroea/Antioch remains an elusive figure, though there is a growing recognition of his importance to the history of Christian theology, and particularly the early part of the so-called ‘Arian’ controversies. The re- cent publication of a fresh edition of his writings, including a newly-attributed epitome entitled Contra Ariomanitas et de anima, demands fresh considera- tion of Eustathius1. However, the previous scholarship on Eustathius is too little known for such an enterprise to take place. This article has two related tasks: firstly, to provide a comprehensive survey of the treatment of Eustathius in modern scholarship2; secondly, to assess the current state of research on Eustathius. With the exception of Eustathian exegesis, the work on Eustathi- us’s theology between the early twentieth century and the publication of the new epitome has been extremely limited. The scholarship that has followed this publication has yet to situate its observations within more recent histo- riographical developments in patristic theology and philosophy, but points to- wards several contours that must be fundamental to this endeavour. Firstly, Eustathius’s relationship to Origen must be closely considered in connection with his long-noted dependence on Irenaeus and other theologians from Asia Minor. Secondly, Aristotle, or ‘Aristotelianism’, suggests itself as an impor- tant resource for Eustathius – this resource must now be understood in light of recent discussions on the role of Aristotle’s thought, and its relation to Plato- nism, in antiquity. This can, in turn, help to elucidate the history of Irenaeus’s legacy, Origenism, and readings of Aristotle in the fourth century. -
Holy Family Catholic Church South Pasadena, California
Presents: An 11-Day Pilgrimage through the Aegean Walking in the Footsteps of St. Paul including a 3-Night Cruise with Fr. Marlon Mateo and Cambria Tortorelli October 20 - 30, 2017 Holy Family Catholic Church South Pasadena, California Fr. Marlon Mateo Cambria Tortorelli For more Information please contact: Nancy Bevins at 626-403-6107 ([email protected]) or Faith Journeys at 1-877-732-4845 REGISTER by January 5, 2017 and SAVE $100! Following in the Footsteps of St. Paul with a 3-night Cruise 11 days / 9 nights Therefore, comfort and upbuild one another…esteem them with the greatest love…remain at peace with one another. (I Thess 5: 11, 13). On our pilgrimage through Greece, we will follow the footsteps of Paul to discover firsthand the sights, sounds, and feelings that he may have had as he established the Church in this enchanting, ancient land. As we behold the timeless holy places and contemplate the exemplary life of Paul who came not in word only, and not in affliction only, but also in power and with much assurance and great joy to admonish those he served, to join them in giving thanks to God and to remember without ceasing… great works of faith, labours of love and patience of hope in Jesus Christ (I Thess 1), we will renew our commitment to the roots of our Catholic faith. The masses and meditations we celebrate along the way will draw us together as a community, and will remind us of our blessings and the call to stewardship as followers of Jesus Christ. -
Contested Authenticity Anthropological Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism on Mount Athos
religions Article Contested Authenticity Anthropological Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism on Mount Athos Michelangelo Paganopoulos Global Inquiries and Social Theory Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; [email protected] Abstract: This paper investigates the evolution of customer service in the pilgrimage tourist industry, focusing on Mount Athos. In doing so, it empirically deconstructs the dialectics of the synthesis of “authentic experience” between “pilgrims” and “tourists” via a set of internal and external reciprocal exchanges that take place between monks and visitors in two rival neighboring monasteries. The paper shows how the traditional value of hospitality is being reinvented and reappropriated according to the personalized needs of the market of faith. In this context, the paper shows how traditional monastic roles, such as those of the guest-master and the sacristan, have been reinvented, along with traditional practices such as that of confession, within the wider turn to relational subjectivity and interest in spirituality. Following this, the material illustrates how counter claims to “authenticity” emerge as an arena of reinvention and contestation out of the competition between rival groups of monks and their followers, arguing that pilgrimage on Athos requires from visitors their full commitment and active involvement in their role as “pilgrims”. The claim to “authenticity” is a matter of identity and the means through which a visitor is transformed from a passive “tourist” to Citation: Paganopoulos, an active “pilgrim”. Michelangelo. 2021. Contested Authenticity Anthropological Keywords: authenticity; spirituality; Mount Athos; hospitality; pilgrimage tourism Perspectives of Pilgrimage Tourism on Mount Athos.