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The Holy See (Including Vatican City State)
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE EVALUATION OF ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING MEASURES AND THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM (MONEYVAL) MONEYVAL(2012)17 Mutual Evaluation Report Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism THE HOLY SEE (INCLUDING VATICAN CITY STATE) 4 July 2012 The Holy See (including Vatican City State) is evaluated by MONEYVAL pursuant to Resolution CM/Res(2011)5 of the Committee of Ministers of 6 April 2011. This evaluation was conducted by MONEYVAL and the report was adopted as a third round mutual evaluation report at its 39 th Plenary (Strasbourg, 2-6 July 2012). © [2012] Committee of experts on the evaluation of anti-money laundering measures and the financing of terrorism (MONEYVAL). All rights reserved. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. For any use for commercial purposes, no part of this publication may be translated, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission in writing from the MONEYVAL Secretariat, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, Council of Europe (F-67075 Strasbourg or [email protected] ). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PREFACE AND SCOPE OF EVALUATION............................................................................................ 5 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................... -
Johann Baptist Franzelin (1816–86): a Jesuit Cardinal Shaping the Official Teaching of the Church at the Time of the First Vatican Council
journal of jesuit studies 7 (2020) 592-615 brill.com/jjs Johann Baptist Franzelin (1816–86): A Jesuit Cardinal Shaping the Official Teaching of the Church at the Time of the First Vatican Council Bernhard Knorn, S.J. Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected] Abstract Johann Baptist Franzelin (1816–86), a Jesuit from South Tyrol, was an important sys- tematic theologian at the Collegio Romano. Against emerging neo-Scholasticism, he supported the growing awareness of the need for historical context and to see theo- logical doctrines in their development over time. He was an influential theologian at the First Vatican Council. Created cardinal by Pope Pius ix in 1876, he engaged in the work of the Roman Curia, for example against the German Kulturkampf and for the Third Plenary Council of the Catholic Church in the usa (Baltimore, 1884). This article provides an overview of Franzelin’s biography and analyzes his contributions to theol- ogy and church politics. Keywords Johann Baptist Franzelin – Jesuit cardinal – Collegio Romano – systematic theology – neo-Scholasticism – First Vatican Council – Kulturkampf – Roman Curia Johann Baptist Franzelin (1816–86) was an Austrian Jesuit cardinal, who is largely unknown today. However, working silently behind the scenes, he has arguably shaped the decisions of the First Vatican Council and of Roman theology in general as only few others did—just before the triumph of neo- Scholasticism changed the course of this theology dramatically. His life can be divided into two periods. A first period of studies, transpiring in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Austrian Empire and then in Italy, England, Belgium, © Bernhard Knorn, 2020 | doi:10.1163/22141332-00704005 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailingDownloaded cc-by-nc-nd from Brill.com09/29/2021 4.0 license. -
European Court of Human Rights
GRAND CHAMBER CASE OF LAUTSI AND OTHERS v. ITALY (Application no. 30814/06) JUDGMENT STRASBOURG 18 March 2011 This judgment is final but may be subject to editorial revision. LAUTSI AND OTHERS v. ITALY JUDGMENT 1 In the case of Lautsi and Others v. Italy, The European Court of Human Rights, sitting as a Grand Chamber composed of: Jean-Paul Costa, President, Christos Rozakis, Nicolas Bratza, Peer Lorenzen, Josep Casadevall, Giovanni Bonello, Nina Vajić, Rait Maruste, Anatoly Kovler, Sverre Erik Jebens, Päivi Hirvelä, Giorgio Malinverni, George Nicolaou, Ann Power, Zdravka Kalaydjieva, Mihai Poalelungi, Guido Raimondi, judges, and Erik Fribergh, Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 30 June 2010 and on 16 February 2011, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on the last-mentioned date: PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 30814/06) against the Italian Republic lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by an Italian national, Ms Soile Lautsi (“the first applicant”) on 27 July 2006. In her application she stated that she was acting in her own name and on behalf of her children Dataico and Sami Albertin, then minors. The latter, who have subsequently come of age, confirmed that they wished to remain applicants (“the second and third applicants”). 2. The applicants were represented by Mr N. Paoletti, a lawyer practising in Rome. The Italian Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ms E. Spatafora, and their deputy co-Agents, Mr N. Lettieri and Ms P. Accardo. 3. -
Unity Deferred: the "Roman Question" in Italian History,1861-82 William C Mills
Unity Deferred: The "Roman Question" in Italian History,1861-82 William C Mills ABSTRACT: Following the Risorgimento (the unification of the kingdom of Italy) in 1861, the major dilemma facing the new nation was that the city of Rome continued to be ruled by the pope as an independent state. The Vatican's rule ended in 1870 when the Italian army captured the city and it became the new capital of Italy. This paper will examine the domestic and international problems that were the consequences of this dispute. It will also review the circumstances that led Italy to join Germany and Austria in the Triple Alliance in 1882. In the early morning of 20 September 1870, Held guns of the Italian army breached the ancient city wall of Rome near the Porta Pia. Army units advanced to engage elements of the papal militia in a series of random skirmishes, and by late afternoon the army was in control of the city. Thus concluded a decade of controversy over who should govern Rome. In a few hours, eleven centuries of papal rule had come to an end.' The capture of Rome marked die first time that the Italian government had felt free to act against the explicit wishes of the recendy deposed French emperor, Napoleon III. Its action was in sharp contrast to its conduct in the previous decade. During that time, die Italians had routinely deferred to Napoleon with respect to the sanctity of Pope Pius IX's rule over Rome. Yet while its capture in 1870 revealed a new sense of Italian independence, it did not solve the nation's dilemma with the Roman question. -
ORU History & Humanities Modern World
Oral Roberts University Digital Showcase Textbooks Educational Materials 2019 ORU History & Humanities Modern World - Reader I 1600 - 1850 Gary Pranger Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalshowcase.oru.edu/textbooks Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Pranger, Gary, "ORU History & Humanities Modern World - Reader I 1600 - 1850" (2019). Textbooks. 1. https://digitalshowcase.oru.edu/textbooks/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Educational Materials at Digital Showcase. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textbooks by an authorized administrator of Digital Showcase. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ORU HISTORY & HUMANITIES MODERN WORLD - READER I 1600 - 1850 Gary K. Pranger, Editor 1 THE MODERN WORLD I 1600-1850 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 5 1. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL OVERVIEW 7 2. TIME LINE 3. THE RENAISSANCE Gary K. Pranger 12 4. THE REFORMATION Gary K. Pranger 20 5. RESTORATION & GLORIOUS REVOLUTION Harold Paul & Gary K. Pranger 46 6. EUROPE AND FRANCE 1600-1715 J. Franklin Sexton & Gary K. Pranger 54 7. NEOCLASSICAL LITERATURE David Ringer 80 8. THE ENLIGHTENMENT Gary K. Pranger 90 9. THE LASTING SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT L. Lee Peterson & Gary K. Pranger 96 10. THE GERMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA Gary K. Pranger 113 11. 18TH CENTURY STATE COMPETITION 1713-1763 J. Franklin Sexton 132 12. ECONOMICS & HISTORY Gary K. Pranger 136 13. MARX & MARXISM: IDEAL AND REALITY 148 14. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY NOVEL Carl Hamilton 157 15. METHODISM Harold J. Paul 163 16. THE FIRST GREAT AWAKENING Gary K. Pranger 176 17. GREAT BRITAIN & THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1763-1815 J. -
The Roman Historical Consciousness Goes Back at Least to the Reign of The
THE HISTORY OF ROME INTRODUCTION xvii part of the Romans' celebration of their civic identity and their ancestors' The Roman historical consciousness goes back at least to the reign of the achievements.47 As Cornell remarks, "There existed more than one formal elder Tarquin, offering Fabius Pictor and his successors "the collective, and means of oral transmission, and there can be no objection in principle to the accepted, oral memory of the nation" on which to draw for their written nar 52 suggestion that the traditional stories might be based on fact."48 ratives. This collective memory would not only have been maintained by One of the likely topics for dramatic performance was the siege of Veii. a tradition of dramatic performances on historical themes; it would have also After relating the siege operations in detail and the Roman general s invita been preserved by monuments, statues, and toponyms (place names that 53 tion to the Veientine gods to desert their city and move to Rome, Livy gives commemorate a particular event or story). The places mentioned by Livy a vivid description of the capture of the city. As the king of Veii was sacri in connection with a particular story would have been familiar to many of ficing an animal to the gods, Roman soldiers burst out of a tunnel that they his readers as visible reminders of a particular tradition. The temple of For- had made into the city and seized the victim's entrails. On this incident Livy tuna Muliebris (Women's Fortune) was said to have been built to commem remarks, "These events are more appropriate to be displayed on the stage, orate the glory of the Roman women who went to plead with Coriolanus which rejoices in miracles, than to be believed" (5.21), an allusion cited by not to attack Rome (2.40). -
AN INTRODUCTION to CHURCH HISTORY: from the BEGINNINGS to 1500
AN INTRODUCTION TO CHURCH HISTORY: from THE BEGINNINGS to 1500 COURSE TEXTBOOK This textbook is based principally on: Williston Walker, A History of the Christian Church, (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York 1918) Also included herein are selections and material adapted from the following sources: Chadwick, Henry The Early Church, Revised Edition. (Penguin, 1993) Deansly, Margaret, A History of the Medieval Church, 590-1500. (Routledge. London. 1989) Dysinger, Luke, “Early Christian Monasticism”, The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 2010. Logan, F. Donald, A History of the Church in the Middle Ages, (Routledge, London. 2002) Vauchez, Andre, The Spir’ty of the Medieval West from the 8th to the 12th Century, (Cistercian, 1993). 1 2 CONTENTS 1. JESUS and the HELLENISTIC WORLD 6. LEADERSHIP and LITURGY [1.1]. The General Situation; 5 [6.1]. The Hierarchical Development Of 47 [1.2]. The Jewish Background; 10 The Church . [6.2]. Public Worship And Sacred [1.3]. Jesus and the Disciples; 13 49 Seasons [[2.1]2. p.92 ] 1 2. THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH [6.3]. Baptism 50 [2.1]. The Palestinian Christian [6.4]. The Eucharist. 51 Communities 15 [6.5]. Forgiveness Of Sins 52 [2.2]. Paul and Gentile Christianity 17 [6.6]. Sinners in the Church 54 [2.3]. The Close of the Apostolic Age 20 [2.4]. The Interpretation of Jesus 21 7. PERSECUTION and TRANSFORMATION 3. GENTILE CHURCH and ROMAN [7.1]. Rest And Growth, 260-303 55 EMPIRE [7.2]. Rival Religious Forces 55 [3.1]. Gentile Christianity of the Second Century 25 [7.3]. The Final Struggle 56 [7.4]. -
Some Kind of Pope
Some Kind of Pope by Anthony Favier On the 5th anniversary of Pope Francis’ election to the throne of St. Peter, Anthony Favier reflects on the career path and achievements of a pontiff torn between the desire for change and the need to embody a weakening Catholic institution. Since his election on 13th March 2013, Pope Francis has made a lasting impression on his contemporaries. As the head of a hybrid institution, he plays two roles: that of religious leader (the Bishop of Rome) and politician (the sovereign leader of the Vatican State). Francis now stands as a leading media figure; yet embodies a paradox in our globally secularised and democratic societies. The 266th successor of Saint Peter is certainly a fascinating figure. A quick information research shows that he is a leading editorial topic. Countless books have been written on him. The 5th anniversary of his election to the throne of Saint Peter will no doubt be an occasion for a new batch of publications. Right-wing or left-wing, liberal or conservative, progressive or traditional, there is no shortage of interpretative frameworks. The usual divisions in social and political analysis, however, may struggle to account for this man with a complex mind. The pope is loyal to the Jesuit tradition and rejects ideology, which he considers to be something that isolates people and limits their experience of faith. It is difficult to identify Francis’ “programme”. At best, it is possible to distinguish a vision of the world and the Church. What are the traits that have characterised that vision five years into his pontificate? In particular, what is the pope’s position on gender-related issues? Although the pope enjoys unprecedented popularity, it could be said that his method has revived tensions within contemporary Catholicism. -
The Unification of Italy 1789 – 1896 Handout
THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY 1789 – 1896 HANDOUT Key Facts & Summary • Also known as Risorgimento, the Italian unification was a political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into a single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. • The process began in 1815, with the Congress of Vienna acting as a detonator, and was completed in 1871 when Rome became the capital. However, the last Italian territories under foreign rule did not join the Kingdom of Italy until 1918, after Italy finally defeated Austria-Hungary in World War I. • As other foreign powers were responsible for the situation of Italy, their very presence motivated Italians to strive for unification, however, Italy’s successful unification, ironically, would not have come to pass without the help of other foreign powers. • The situation of Italy after unification can best be described after the statement of professor Serge Hughes: “Now that we have made Italy, we must make Italians.” • Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II are considered to be “the fathers of the fatherland”. Prologue Italy was first united by Rome in the third century B.C. It remained for over 700 years the de facto extension of the capital of the Roman Republic and Empire. It experienced a privileged status and avoided being converted into a province. Even with the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Italy remained united under the Ostrogothic Kingdom. However, this would later be disputed between the Kingdom of the Lombards and the Eastern Roman Empire. Following the conquest of the Frankish Empire, the title of King of Italy merged with the office of Holy Roman Emperor. -
On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons History: Faculty Publications and Other Works Faculty Publications 9-28-2018 On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life Stephen Schloesser Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/history_facpubs Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Schloesser, Stephen. On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life. The Immanent Frame: Secularism, Religion, and the Public Sphere, , : , 2018. Retrieved from Loyola eCommons, History: Faculty Publications and Other Works, This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History: Faculty Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. © Social Science Research Council, 2018. Social Science Research Council Items The Immanent Frame Kujenga Amani COUTURE AND THE DEATH OF THE REAL: A RESPONSE TO HEAVENLY BODIES On the advantage and disadvantage of history for life by Stephen Schloesser September 28, 2018 (September 28, 2018) Gallery View, Late Gothic Hall. Image: © The Metropolitan Museum of Art In the late nineteenth century, Friedrich Nietzsche published his ruminations “On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life” (Vom Nutzen und Nachteil der Historie für das Leben) in the essay collection Untimely Meditations (1874). Tempering the tide of historical studies that marked the age of nation states, Nietzsche argued for the vital importance of forgetting as well as remembering: “In the case of the smallest or of the greatest happiness . -
The Medici Popes (Leo X and Clement Vii) by Herbert M
www.cristoraul.org THE MEDICI POPES (LEO X AND CLEMENT VII) BY HERBERT M. VAUGHAN 1 www.cristoraul.org LEO X, CARDINAL GIULIO DE' MEDICI (CLEMENT VII) AND CARDINAL DE' ROSSI 2 www.cristoraul.org ALTHOUGH the names of the two great Popes of the House of Medici loom large in the annals of the Italian Renaissance, yet the private side of their lives and conduct has naturally been dwelt upon with less insistence by the papal historian than the leading part they took in the development of Italian politics or in the course of the Reformation throughout Europe. Even in William Roscoe’s elaborate biography of Leo X, the figure of that famous pontiff is largely overshadowed by the momentous episodes of his reign both within and without Italy; “one cannot see the wood for the intervening trees!” In the present volume, therefore, I have made the attempt of presenting to the reader a purely personal study, from which I have excluded, so far as was practicable, all reference to the burning theological questions of the Reformation, and have also avoided any undue amount of dissertation on the tortuous and complicated policy pursued by these Popes of the House of Medici. For I hope that a simple account of the personal career and character of Leo X (with whom of necessity my work chiefly deals) will prove of some value to the historical student of the Renaissance, who may thereby become better able to comprehend the varying part played by the former of the two Medicean pontiffs in the political and religious struggles during the opening decades of the sixteenth century. -
Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850-1950 John F
Cambridge University Press 0521812046 - Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850-1950 John F. Pollard Frontmatter More information Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy This is a pioneering study of the finances and financiers of the Vatican between 1850 and 1950. Dr Pollard, a leading historian of the modern papacy, shows how until 1929, the papacy was largely funded by ‘Peter’s Pence’ collected from the faithful, and from the residue the Vatican made its first capitalistic investments, especially in the ill-fated Banco di Roma. After 1929, the Vatican received much of its income from the investments made by the banker Bernadino Nogara in world markets and commer- cial enterprises. This process of coming to terms with capitalism was arguably in conflict both with Church law and Catholic social teach- ing, and becoming a major financial power led the Vatican into conflict with the Allies during Second World War. In broader terms, the ways in which the papacy financed itself helped shape the overall development of the modern papacy. john f. pollard is a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He is the author of The Vatican and Italian Fascism, 1929–1932: A Study in Conflict (1985). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521812046 - Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850-1950 John F. Pollard Frontmatter More information Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy Financing the Vatican, 1850–1950 John F. Pollard Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521812046 - Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850-1950 John F.