Milan Hodza and Federation in Central and Eastern Europe
Milan Hodza and Federation in Central and Eastern Europe. MICHAL MÛDRY-SEBÎK When, at the start of this century, Milan Hodza entered public life, rela- tions among the nationalities in Austria-Hungary were at the peak of tension. The old Emperor Francis Joseph was neither wise nor able enough to create harmony in the conglomeration of nationalities in his empire. Let us just recall what nationalities lived in the monarchy: Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbians, Croatians, Slovenes, Ruthenians, Ukrainians, Romanians, Italians, Germans, and Magyars. The ruling element in Austria-proper were the Germans, and in Hungary the Magyars - although in comparison with the non-German and non- Magyar nationalities they were minorities. The Magyars were ob- sessed with the idea of magyarizing the whole non-Magyar majority. They applied such pressures, particularly on the Slovaks, that only the victory of the Allies in World War I rescued them from extinction.1 Milan Hodza, true to the traditions of his forefathers, could not stand idly by.8 As soon as he entered the University of Budapest in 1896, he started to fight to change these conditions. Even as a young student, he understood that the situation could be improved only by introducing universal suffrage, that is, by giving voting rights to the common people, particularly the peasants - by awakening the non-Magyar nationalities from their lethargy, and leading them to close cooperation. Being a 1 "There can be little doubt that the defeat of the Entente in the Great War and the consequent frustration of Czech aspirations would have meant the virtual destruction of Slovak nationality in the course of another generation.
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