Cell Culture in Three-Dimensional Lattices of Hydrated Collagen Fibrils − Its Progress and Perspectives
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Nerve Block of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
18VTLLAA 1 Nerve block of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Dr. Robert M Raw (MD) . MBChB, MFGP, MPraxMed, DA, FCA. Professor of Anesthesia retired Editor of Regional-Anesthesia.Com INDEX. 1. Introduction 2. Anatomy 3. Choice of local anesthetic 4. General indications 5. Complications and side effects 6. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. INTRODUCTION The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LFCN) is the single human nerve most subject to anatomic variations. Figure #1shows the dermatome of LFCN. The nerve is small and mostly invisible under ultrasound scanning. For nerve block success, drug must be injected into four fascial compartments, each of which a variant nerve type may pass through in different individuals. 2. ANATOMY The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is a sensory nerve supplying the skin on the lateral aspect of the thigh. That sensory area nearly reaches the thigh posterior midline and the thigh anterior midline. Its superior limit passes over the greater trochanter and its inferior limit nearly reaches the height of the patella. The typical LCNT, in 60% of patients, is a branch of the lumbar plexus deriving from the dorsal divisions of nerve roots L2 and L3. The LFCN forms within the psoas muscle, and exits the pelvis medial to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and under the inguinal ligament. It then passes over the sartorius muscle, under fascia lata, before branching into its final Figure 1. Classic dermatomal distribution of the divisions. In forty percent of patients the LFCN lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), derived has completely different anatomy, but from Sobotta. fortunately the nerve always passes in proximity to the proximal sartorius muscle. -
Preparatory: 1 Venous Access and Medication Administration: 4
Preparatory: 1 Venous Access and Medication Administration: 4 W4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE 1-4 At the completion of this unit, the EMT-Critical Care Technician student will be able to safely and precisely access the venous circulation and administer medications. COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES At the completion of this unit, the EMT-Critical Care Technician student will be able to: 1-4.1 Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to medication administration. (C-1) 1-4.2 Review mathematical principles. (C-1) 1-4.3 Review mathematical equivalents. (C-1) 1-4.4 Differentiate temperature readings between the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales. (C-3) 1-4.5 Discuss formulas as a basis for performing drug calculations. (C-1) 1-4.6 Calculate oral and parenteral drug dosages for all emergency medications administered to adults, infants and children. (C-2) 1-4.7 Calculate intravenous infusion rates for adults, infants, and children. (C-2) 1-4.8 Discuss legal aspects affecting medication administration. (C-1) 1-4.9 Discuss the "six rights" of drug administration and correlate these with the principles of medication administration. (C-1) 1-4.10 Discuss medical asepsis and the differences between clean and sterile techniques. (C-1) 1-4.11 Describe use of antiseptics and disinfectants. (C-1) 1-4.12 Describe the use of universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures when administering a medication. (C-1) 1-4.13 Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of peripheral venous cannulation (Including saline locks). (C-1) 1-4.14 Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques utilized, precautions, and general principles of intraosseous needle placement and infusion. -
Cancer Cell Angiogenic Capability Is Regulated by 3D Culture and Integrin Engagement
Cancer cell angiogenic capability is regulated by 3D culture and integrin engagement Claudia Fischbacha,b, Hyun Joon Konga,c, Susan X. Hsionga, Marta B. Evangelistaa,d,e, Will Yuena, and David J. Mooneya,f,1 aSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 40 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 157 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853; cDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; dInstituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Divisao de Biomateriais, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; eUniversidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalu´rgica e de Materiais, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; and fWyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by Robert Langer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and approved November 26, 2008 (received for review September 9, 2008) Three-dimensional culture alters cancer cell signaling; however, the regulate VEGF and IL-8 secretion and that these differences underlying mechanisms and importance of these changes on tumor impact tumor vascularization in vivo. These findings serve to vascularization remain unclear. A hydrogel system was used to examine identify 3D integrin engagement as a mechanism that alters cancer the role of the transition from 2D to 3D culture, with and without cell angiogenic signaling and that may be explored toward more integrin engagement, on cancer cell angiogenic capability. Three- efficacious antiangiogenic therapies. dimensional culture recreated tumor microenvironmental cues and led to enhanced interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion that depended on integrin Results and Discussion engagement with adhesion peptides coupled to the polymer. -
Handbook ESRA
TECHNIQUES HEAD & NECK 4 Intracranial surgery p. 3 Eye blocks p. 5 Face anatomy p. 16 Face particularity p. 23 Ophtalmic nerve blocks p. 27 Maxillary nerve blocks p. 33 Mandibular nerve blocks p. 46 THORAX & ABDOMEN 50 Epidural anaesthesia in Cardio-thoracic surgery p. 50 Ilioinguinal-Iliohypogastric block p. 55 Peri-umbilical & Rectus sheath block p. 57 Pudendal block p. 58 UPPER LIMB 61 Choice of a technique p. 61 Brachial plexus anatomy p. 65 Interscalen block p. 68 Supraclavicular blocks p. 73 Infraclavicular blocks p. 80 Axillary block p. 83 LOWER LIMB 90 Lumbar plexus block p. 90 Iliofascial block p. 100 Obturator block p. 102 Sciatic blocks o Sciatic blocks - parasacral nerve approach p. 109 o Sciatic blocks - posterior popliteal approach p. 115 Ankle blocks p. 119 AXIAL BLOCKS 123 Lumbar epidural p. 123 OBSTETRICS AXIAL BLOCKS 126 Epidural p. 126 PERIPHERAL BLOCKS Pudendal block p. 58 2 Aknowledgement The provenience of the materials included in this handbook is from the Learning Zone on the official site of “European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy”. http://www.esra-learning.com/ 2007 3 HEAD & TABLE OF CONTENTS NECK • Intracranial surgery • Eye blocks • Face anatomy • Face particularity • Ophtalmic nerve blocks • Maxillary nerve blocks • Mandibular nerve blocks • Cervical plexus blocks HEAD & INTRACRANIAL SURGERY NECK Paul J. Zetlaoui, M.D. Kremlin-Bicetre - France In intra-cranial neurosurgery, scalp infiltration aims to prevent systematic and cerebral hemodynamic variations, contemporary of skin incision. The potential morbidity of these hypertension-tachycardia episodes, even in patients profoundly anaesthetized, is secondary in the increase of the cerebral blood flow and in its deleterious consequences on intra-cranial pressure in these compromised patients. -
The Development of an Intramuscular Injection Simulation for Nursing Students
Open Access Technical Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12366 The Development of an Intramuscular Injection Simulation for Nursing Students Julia Micallef 1 , Artur Arutiunian 1 , Adam Dubrowski 1 1. Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, CAN Corresponding author: Adam Dubrowski, [email protected] Abstract Intramuscular (IM) injections are preferred over subcutaneous injections for administering medicine such as epinephrine and vaccines as the muscle tissue contains an increased vascular supply that provides ideal absorption of the drug being administered. However, administering an IM injection requires clinical judgment when choosing the injection site, understanding the relevant anatomy and physiology as well as the principles and techniques for administering an IM injection. Therefore, it is essential to learn and perform IM injections using injection simulators to practice the skill before administering to a real patient. Current IM injection simulators either favor realism at the expense of standardization or are expensive but do not provide a realistic experience. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an inexpensive but realistic intramuscular injection simulator that can be used to train nursing students so that they can be prepared for when they enter the clinical setting. This technical report aims to provide an overview of the development of an inexpensive and realistic deltoid simulator geared to teach nursing students the skill of IM injections. After development, the IM simulators were tested and validated by practicing nurses. An 18-item survey was administered to the nurses, and results indicated positive feedback about the realism of the simulator, in comparison to previous models used, such as the Wallcur® PRACTI-Injecta Pads (Wallcur LLC, San Diego, CA). -
Identification of Novel FNIN2 and FNIN3 Fibronectin-Derived
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Identification of Novel FNIN2 and FNIN3 Fibronectin-Derived Peptides That Promote Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation in Primary Cells and Stem Cells Eun-Ju Lee 1,2,† , Khurshid Ahmad 1,2,† , Shiva Pathak 3, SunJu Lee 1, Mohammad Hassan Baig 1 , Jee-Heon Jeong 3 , Kyung-Oh Doh 4, Dong-Mok Lee 5 and Inho Choi 1,2,* 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; [email protected] (E.-J.L.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (M.H.B.) 2 Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea 3 College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (J.-H.J.) 4 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea; [email protected] 5 Technology Convergence R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 770200, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Fax: +82-53-810-4769 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: In recent years, a major rise in the demand for biotherapeutic drugs has centered on enhancing the quality and efficacy of cell culture and developing new cell culture techniques. Here, Citation: Lee, E.-J.; Ahmad, K.; we report fibronectin (FN) derived, novel peptides fibronectin-based intergrin binding peptide Pathak, S.; Lee, S.; Baig, M.H.; Jeong, (FNIN)2 (18-mer) and FNIN3 (20-mer) which promote cell adhesion proliferation, and the differentia- J.-H.; Doh, K.-O.; Lee, D.-M.; Choi, I. -
Versao Definitiva Jun2017
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA Development of three-dimensional umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures for differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells: a potential breakthrough in toxicological drug screening Madalena Zincke dos Reis Fernandes Cipriano Orientadora: Doutora Joana Paiva Gomes Miranda Co-orientadores: Doutor Jorge Miguel Silva Santos Doutora Katrin Zeilinger Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Farmácia, especialidade de Toxicologia 2017 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA Development of three-dimensional umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures for differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells: a potential breakthrough in toxicological drug screening Madalena Zincke dos Reis Fernandes Cipriano Orientadora: Doutora Joana Paiva Gomes Miranda Co-orientadores: Doutor Jorge Miguel Silva Santos Doutora Katrin Zeilinger Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Farmácia, especialidade de Toxicologia Júri: Presidente: Doutora Matilde da Luz dos Santos Duque da Fonseca e Castro, Professora Catedrática e Directora da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa Vogais: Doutor Jorge Manuel Lira Gonçalves Ruas, Associate Professor, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden Doutor Félix Dias Carvalho, Professor Catedrático, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto Doutora Diana Esperança dos Santos Nascimento, Investigadora Auxiliar, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica da Universidade do Porto Doutora Sofia de Azeredo Pereira Costa, Professora -
The Digestive System
69 chapter four THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive system is structurally divided into two main parts: a long, winding tube that carries food through its length, and a series of supportive organs outside of the tube. The long tube is called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract extends from the mouth to the anus, and consists of the mouth, or oral cavity, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intes- tine. It is here that the functions of mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients and water, and release of solid waste material take place. The supportive organs that lie outside the GI tract are known as accessory organs, and include the teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Because most organs of the digestive system lie within body cavities, you will perform a dissection procedure that exposes the cavities before you begin identifying individual organs. You will also observe the cavities and their associated membranes before proceeding with your study of the digestive system. EXPOSING THE BODY CAVITIES should feel like the wall of a stretched balloon. With your skinned cat on its dorsal side, examine the cutting lines shown in Figure 4.1 and plan 2. Extend the cut laterally in both direc- out your dissection. Note that the numbers tions, roughly 4 inches, still working with indicate the sequence of the cutting procedure. your scissors. Cut in a curved pattern as Palpate the long, bony sternum and the softer, shown in Figure 4.1, which follows the cartilaginous xiphoid process to find the ventral contour of the diaphragm. -
Pressure Ulcer Staging Guide
Pressure Ulcer Staging Guide Pressure Ulcer Staging Guide STAGE I STAGE IV Intact skin with non-blanchable Full thickness tissue loss with exposed redness of a localized area usually Reddened area bone, tendon, or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts Epidermis over a bony prominence. Darkly Epidermis pigmented skin may not have of the wound bed. Often includes undermining and tunneling. The depth visible blanching; its color may Dermis of a stage IV pressure ulcer varies by Dermis differ from the surrounding area. anatomical location. The bridge of the This area may be painful, firm, soft, nose, ear, occiput, and malleolus do not warmer, or cooler as compared to have subcutaneous tissue and these adjacent tissue. Stage I may be Adipose tissue ulcers can be shallow. Stage IV ulcers Adipose tissue difficult to detect in individuals with can extend into muscle and/or Muscle dark skin tones. May indicate "at supporting structures (e.g., fascia, Muscle risk" persons (a heralding sign of Bone tendon, or joint capsule) making risk). osteomyelitis possible. Exposed bone/ Bone tendon is visible or directly palpable. STAGE II DEEP TISSUE INJURY Partial thickness loss of dermis Blister Purple or maroon localized area of Reddened area presenting as a shallow open ulcer discolored intact skin or blood-filled Epidermis with a red pink wound bed, without Epidermis blister due to damage of underlying soft slough. May also present as an tissue from pressure and/or shear. The intact or open/ruptured serum-filled Dermis area may be preceded by tissue that is Dermis blister. -
Bio-Implant Reference Manual
Bio-Implant Reference Manual International Use Only Bio-Implant Reference Manual Saving Lives, Restoring Health is our business. Nowhere is the reality of death more evident than in the decision-making process surrounding tissue and organ donation. It’s a course of action that involves everything from the simple to the complex, from the sadly certain to the certainly optimistic. LifeNet Health takes this tragedy and turns it into hope. Our full line of allograft bio-implants maximizes the precious gift of donated tissue and provides surgeons with the tools they need to improve the lives of patients. By making the finest quality allograft bio-implants easily accessible, we continue to provide exemplary service to clinicians and hospitals. Every year, LifeNet Health distributes over 400,000 bio-implants to meet the urgent needs of hospitals and patients around the world. Our record of safety is unmatched. And our philosophy is simple: When partnering with a bio-implant supplier, your decision should not be based solely on fee, but rather on the overall value you and your patients expect and deserve. At LifeNet Health, we deliver that value by excelling in these critical areas – safety, quality, innovation, service, clinical effectiveness, supply chain reliability and and experience. With LifeNet Health as your primary bio-implant supplier, you are investing in the best possible value to ensure the well-being of your patients and the reputation of your hospital. This is the value of working with LifeNet Health. 2 757-464-4761 x 2000 (OUS) • 888-847-7831 (US & Canada) • ©2014 LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA. -
Avoid Empiric Treatment for Vulvar Skin Disorders
December 1, 2008 • www.familypracticenews.com Women’s Health 27 Avoid Empiric Treatment for Vulvar Skin Disorders BY NANCY WALSH vulva and anus. Hypopigmentation also is characteristic, ment once daily after soaking. “I believe the Temovate New York Bureau with scarring and architectural changes including phimo- brand is much better than the generic, probably because sis of the clitoris, resorption of the labia minora, and nar- of the vehicle,” he said. The corticosteroid should be con- L AKE B UENA V ISTA, FLA. — Empiric treatment rowing of the introitus causing recurrent tearing. It prob- tinued until active disease has resolved, not just for the 2 with corticosteroids should be avoided in patients who pre- ably is autoimmune, because patients have a high incidence weeks specified in the package insert. sent with vulvar symptoms such as burning, itching, pain, of other autoimmune diseases, especially thyroid disease. A second vulvar condition, lichen simplex chronicus, and dyspareunia, according to Dr. Andrew T. Goldstein. Lichen sclerosus can develop at any age, including is characterized by thick, lichenified skin of the labia ma- These patients should have a careful examination of the childhood, and is more common than generally appreci- jora and interlabial sulcus, accompanied by erosions, fis- vulva using a colposcope, and if a lesion is present, a 4- ated, with a prevalence of 1 in 70 women. But “you have suring, and tears in the skin that result from the patient’s mm punch biopsy is warranted. to look for it. The vulva is not just something to separate scratching in her sleep, said Dr. -
A Decade of Organs-On-A-Chip Emulating Human Physiology at the Microscale: a Critical Status Report on Progress in Toxicology and Pharmacology
micromachines Review A Decade of Organs-on-a-Chip Emulating Human Physiology at the Microscale: A Critical Status Report on Progress in Toxicology and Pharmacology Mario Rothbauer 1,2,3,*, Barbara E.M. Bachmann 1,2,4 , Christoph Eilenberger 1,2, Sebastian R.A. Kratz 1,2,5, Sarah Spitz 1,2, Gregor Höll 1,2 and Peter Ertl 1,2,* 1 Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (B.E.M.B.); [email protected] (C.E.); [email protected] (S.R.A.K.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (G.H.) 2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria 3 Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria 4 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria 5 Drug Delivery and 3R-Models Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt Am Main, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (P.E.) Citation: Rothbauer, M.; Abstract: Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to accelerate pharmaceutical drug devel- Bachmann, B.E.M.; Eilenberger, C.; opment, improve the clinical translation of basic research, and provide personalized intervention Kratz, S.R.A.; Spitz, S.; Höll, G.; Ertl, P.