International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 10, Issue 09, September 2019, pp. 1-15, Article ID: IJCIET_10_09_001 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=9 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGNING TO SUPPORT THE FILTERING PROCESS CONSUMER AT REAL ESTATE COMPANY
Nilo Legowo, Wandi Aprianto Information System Department, BINUS Graduate Program-Master in Information System Management, Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Email : [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT PT Gerbang Duabelas is a real estate company engaged in the field of developer domiciled in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Today, there are often problems with consumers, such as high sales cancellation rates, consumers who are in arrears in payment of DP receivables, consumers who are in arrears in housing installments to banks as lenders, consumers who are in trouble, constrained mortgage documents and uncooperative consumers. PT Gerbang Duabelas needs to design an Enterprise Architecture that can filter prospective customers who have good and healthy prospects. Enterprise Architecture is an activity of organizing data that is used and produced by an organization that covers the business processes of the organization. The framework is used as a reference in designing enterprise architecture in this study is TOGAF ADM, with a focus on design in the information system architecture phase, namely the data architecture and application architecture. Key words: Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF ADM, System Information Architecture, Architecture Data, Architecture Technology. Cite this Article: Nilo Legowo, Wandi Aprianto, Enterprise Architecture Analysis and Designing to Support the Filtering Process Consumer at Real Estate Company. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(9), 2019, pp. 1-15. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=9
1. INTRODUCTION At first the selection process for prospective consumers to become consumers of PT Gerbang Twelve housing was not too selective, consumers from various circles or financially disadvantaged people were still trying to be able to buy housing provided by PT Gerbang Duabelas, but over time many findings of fatal problems to consumers PT Gerbang Duabelas housing consumer, for example, starting from consumers who act or are not cooperative in collecting mortgage documents, consumers who are in arrears in down payment or down payment, so that there are also consumers who have credit agreements and installments in housing installments then defaults on installments, As a result, the developer lost trust by the
http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 1 [email protected] Nilo Legowo, Wandi Aprianto bank as a credit provider because consumers from PT Gerbang Duabelas were in arrears in installments. Even more fatal is the rate of cancellation of home purchases is increasing. In the research conducted by Marlina and Nugroho in 2014, a business model, data model, application architecture model and IT infrastructure model for managing scientific journals in Indonesia produced 8 parameters of the TOGAF framework [9], while in the research conducted by Yunis and Surendro in 2010 concluded that TOGAF ADM is a method of developing enterprise architecture that can be tailored to needs, provided that the institution has clear rules and procedures about business processes to support the integrated information system development process [10] and on research conducted by Suoth & In 2014, Wijaya stated that the design of EA using the TOGAF ADM framework can provide an appropriate IS / IT environment in accordance with company conditions because TOGAF provides a flexible framework in the design of EA [11]. Therefore, it requires an enterprise architecture design that can filter consumers who are good prospects and financially healthy and cooperative so that the above problems can be minimized or eliminated. In this study, the TOGAF ADM framework will be used, the selection of TOGAF is based on several criteria for designing enterprise architecture, the first because of the requirement management that is not owned by other enterprise architecture frameworks. Management requirements are very useful to determine the requirements or requirements of an enterprise. Requirements are useful as input from each phase in TOGAF ADM in determining the target architecture so that the target architecture that is produced is in accordance with the requirements specified at the beginning. When associated with a case study at PT Gerbang Duabelas, the requirements as input are the needs of PT Gerbang Duabelas who want to be more selective in screening consumers. Furthermore, because of the TRM (Technical Reference Model), which is a reference to drawing artifact models to design enterprise architecture, then TOGAF ADM provides architectural principles to design enterprise architecture so that the design can be in accordance with the principles of enterprise architecture design. In addition to the selection of the TOGAF ADM framework because this framework focuses on the implementation cycle (ADM) and the detailed design process than other frameworks. TOGAF ADM is an EA framework that is suitable for use by enterprises that still does not have EA and the need for enterprise architecture development. TOGAF ADM states the clear vision and principle of how to develop enterprise architecture, the principle is used as a measure in assessing the success of the development of enterprise architecture by organizations (The Open Group, 2011). The TOGAF ADM Framework consists of 8 phases in the form of cycles, namely architecture vision, business architecture, information architecture, technology architecture, opportunities and solutions, migration planning, implementation governance, and architecture change management. This research will focus on designing consumer filtering information systems in the architecture vision, business architecture and technology architecture phases using the TOGAF ADM framework. The information system architecture phase has 2 parts, namely data architecture and application architecture, which is one of the stages in TOGAF ADM. In this business architecture defines the initial conditions of business architecture, determine the business model or desired business activity based on a business scenario. The importance of business architecture in an organization is to map the business processes that exist in the company. Technology architecture is the fourth phase of the TOGAF ADM framework. The importance of technology architecture in organizations is to map the hardware requirements of the application system, allowing identification of hardware that can be shared and allows identification of the integration mechanism between interconnected application system components. Designing Business Architecture and Technology Architecture is needed at PT
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Gerbang Duabelas to be able to help PT Gerbang Duabelas in developing a consumer screening system that is in line with PT Gerbang Duabelas business strategy by providing guidance that can be the basis for the development and development of consumer screening systems at PT Gerbang Duabelas.
2. THEORETICAL BASIS 2.1. Enterprise Architecture Enterprise definition is a collection of organizations that have a set of general goals and / or goals. An enterprise can be a government institution, an entire company, a division of corporation, a department, or a chain of organizations that is geographically separated, linked by ownership of the same company. The term "enterprise" in the context of "enterprise architecture" can be used to show the enterprise as a whole, covering all its information systems, and a specific domain in the organization [1]. The architectural definition used in the ANSI / IEEE Std standard 1471-2000 is a fundamental organization of a system, inherent in its components, relationships with one another and its environment, and the arrangement of design principles and their evolution. Benefits of Enterprise Architecture Provide a mechanism that allows communication about EA elements between business and IT organizations and the functioning of the enterprise Generating centralized, stable information and improving consistency, thoroughness, timeliness, integrity, quality, availability, access, and sharing of information managed across the enterprise Quality and timely information provided by EAS makes it easy for enterprise to respond to the power of change and make better decisions Allows organizations to reduce duplication in information Linking IT to organizational missions Improve interoperability and accelerate legacy system integration, migration and new systems Allows dexterity Reduce costs or achieve economical scale by providing mechanisms for sharing services across the enterprise Improve security Reduce technical risks Focus is on technology usage strategies to manage data as assets Elements of Enterprise Architecture According to Dirk Maurer and Patrick Buch (2007), EA emerged as a key tool for documenting, analyzing, and managing complex structures on an enterprise, which in turn formed part of a single architectural framework Describes the information required for a complete architecture. EAS elements in general, consisting of four different architectural descriptions, namely: The business architecture defines the business strategy and illustrates the organizational structure and business process. The application architecture describes the service and application systems that support business processes.
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The information architecture illustrates business objectives and data exchange among the participants of the process and application. The lowest Level is the infrastructure architecture, which is used to describe the physical "landscape" of hardware and networks that support the application system.
Figure 1. Elements of Enterprise Architecture
2.2. Framework Enterprise Architecture The EA framework is a communication model for developing EAS. The Framework features a collection of models, principles, standard approaches, design concepts, components, visualizations, and configurations that guide the development of a specific aspect of architecture. The Framework can guide architectural thinking more broadly than just what can be conveyed in a diagram block. Frameworks usually adopt similar architectural definitions but differ in their focus, scope, and objectives. There are several popular EA frameworks among which are the Zachman Framework, the Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) and The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). From some of the existing EA frameworks, TOGAF is used because there are several privileges: The phases in the development of architecture (architecture Development Methode/ADM) are performed sequentially; Is open; Provide resource gathering including guides, templates, background information to assist architects in the use of ADM. Using the EA framework is useful to accelerate and facilitate the development of architecture, ensuring a complete scope of the solution design, and ensuring that the selected architecture enables future growth in response to the needs of Business.
2.3. Framework The Framework is a blueprint that explains how IT elements and information management work together as a single entity. The TOGAF Framework divides four sections into architectural development. System development starts from defining the existing business architecture in the organization, defining the data architecture to be used, defines the application architecture to be built. Architecture is a management practice to maximize contributions from enterprise resources, IT investments, and system development activities to achieve their performance objectives. To achieve organizational mission through optimal performance of business process with IT environment efficiency, the implementation of the framework should be incorporated into the roadmap of the company. IT's Integrated system architecture provides a strategic context for the evolution of IT systems in enables of the ever-
http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 4 [email protected] Enterprise Architecture Analysis and Designing to Support the Filtering Process Consumer at Real Estate Company changing needs of business. Architecture should align with IT and business. This allows the business unit to innovate to achieve competitive advantage, simultaneously encouraging synergies across the company's business units. Advantages of good corporate architecture are: IT operations more efficiently. Profitable investments. Reducing risk in terms of deviation to the rules Faster, simpler, and more efficient business operations The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF ADM) is a Framework that allows to be implemented in PT Gerbang Duabelas. Various paradigms and methods can be used in the design of enterprise architecture, including Zachman Framework, TOGAF ADM, EAP and others. In this case will be discussed how to use TOGAF ADM in architecture design so that there is a clear picture of how to do the design of enterprise architecture, to get a good architecture framework and can Used by the organization to achieve its strategic objectives. To reduce the gaps that occur in the process of developing the system needs to pay attention to the alignment of system implementation, to reduce the gap, so the new paradigm to plan, design and manage the system Information. The Architecture framework explains how IT and information management elements work together as a single entity.
2.4. The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) TOGAF adopts the architecture sense in ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000 terminology. According to TOGAF, architecture has two understandings depending on the use of the constecate: A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at the component level to guide its implementation Structure of components, interconnectory, principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time TOGAF is a framework or a detailed method and a collection of supporting tools-to develop enterprise architecture. Developed by the Open Group in 1995, this architecture framework is based on the Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management (TAFIM) developed by the United States Department of Defense (DoD).
2.5. TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) TOGAF ADM describes a method for developing EAS, and is the key or core of TOGAF. ADM is a generic method for architectural development that deals with most system and organizational needs. However, it is often necessary to modify or develop ADM to tailor specific needs. ADM consists of nine phases. Each phase illustrates a group of activities that enable sponsors and stakeholders to reach decisions in the EA. Business and IT teams work together, from phase to phase, to create and manage EAS throughout the ADM. ADM cycle is iterative, dynamic, and Sustainable. The Output from the previous phase becomes input in the next phase. It is managed with the Requirements Management phase. EA is an organizational asset that must be managed as a formal program. EA was developed by a team responsible for the care, control, and supervision of EA's programs.
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Figure 2. Cycle of architectural development From Figure 2 can be seen stages of TOGAF ADM [2]. Preliminary Framework and Principle (Phase A) The preparation stage (, preliminary Stage) is a step to determine the scope of Enterprise Architecture (EA) to be developed and to determine the commitment with management in EA development. Architecture Vision (Phase B) To create a uniformity of view on the importance of enterprise architecture to achieve the objectives of the Organization formulated in the form of strategy and determine the scope of the architecture to be developed. At this stage contains the needs of information system architecture that is organizational profile, defining the vision and mission, organizational objectives, organizational objectives, organizational business process, organizational unit and the conditions Current architecture. Business Architecture (Phase C) Defining the initial state of business architecture, determining the business model or business activity that you want based on business scenarios. At this stage common tools and methods for modeling such as: Integration Definition (IDEF) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) can be used to construct the necessary models. Information System Architecture (Phase D) At this stage emphasizes the activity of how the information system architecture is developed. The information System architecture definition in this stage includes the data architecture and application architecture to be used by the organization. Data architecture focuses more on how data is used for the needs of business functions, processes and services. Biased techniques used with: ER-Diagram, Class Diagram and Object Diagram.
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Technology Architecture (Phase E) Build the desired technological architecture, starting from determining the type of technology candidate required using the Technology Portfolio Catalog which includes software and hardware. In this step also consider the alternatives needed in the selection of technology. Opportunities and Solution (Phase F) At this stage is more pressing on the benefits gained from the enterprise architecture which include business architecture, data architecture, application architecture and technological architecture, thus becoming the basis for stakeholders to select and determine the Architecture to be implemented. Migration Planning (Phase G) At this stage, the assessment will be conducted in determining the migration plan of an information system. Usually at this stage for its modelers using the matrix assessment and the decision to the main needs and supporters in the organization of the implementation of information systems. Implementation Governance (Phase H) To develop the recommendation for the implementation of the implementation, the governance that is carried out includes the governance of the Organization, the management of information technology, and the architecture governance. Architecture Change Management (Phase I) To establish the architecture management plan of the new system by monitoring the development of technology and changes in the organizational environment, both internal and external, and determine whether the development cycle will be Next Enterprise architecture. The foundation formulation of solution SI is a process that must be implemented at the preparation stage (, Preliminary Framework and Principle), while the development of enterprise architecture focused on stage A to phase D.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) TOGAF is a framework for developing corporate architecture. TOGAF has detailed methods as well as supporting tools to implement them. The Framework was released by The Open Group ‟ s Architecture Framework in 1995. In this infrastructure planning will use the Enterprise Architecture Model approach derived from The framework of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) version 9.1 as The drafting framework. TOGAF as an architectural design framework has seven characteristics, among others: Included in three of the most commonly used architectural designing frameworks; Is an open-standard framework; Focus on implementation cycles (ADM) and process; Neutral; Widely accepted by the international community; Its approach is holistic; and It has tools for complete planning and process. The methodology used in this research consists of two parts, the first of which is to create a conceptual Model to describe the research thinking framework. The conceptual Model in the study consisted of inputs, processes and outputs. The second is to determine the research
http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 7 [email protected] Nilo Legowo, Wandi Aprianto systematics for problem solving, problem solving systematics in the study consist of 4 phases, namely the preparation phase, documentation and identification phases, analysis and design phase and Conclusion.
3.2. Conceptual Model
Figure 3. Conceptual Model Based on the conceptual model in Figure 3 it can be seen that this conceptual model has several key elements i.e. inputs, processes and outputs. These three elements are an overview of the design of Enterprise Architecture for the consumer filtration system of the PT Gerbang Duabelas. The first element on the conceptual model is input. The Inputan of this research is the architecture principles, strategic plan and operational standards and procedures (SOP). The second element is process. In this research process is a process that corresponds to the steps found in the TOGAF ADM as a framework that is used as a reference. It starts with defining the requirement of each architecture to find out what needs to be achieved from each architecture. After defining the requirement of each architecture, then proceed with the preparation of the Business architecture baseline and business architecture target for later analysis gap between baseline and target architectures. The same thing as with business architecture is also done for Information System Architecture and Technology Architecture. The third element is output. The resulting Output is the development roadmap and blueprint of each of the architecture catalogs, diagrams and matrices which later can be a guideline or guidelines in building a consumer filtration system at the PT Gerbang Duabelas.
3.3. Problem-solving Systematics Research systematics are used as a problem solving framework. Problem-solving systematics in this research in line consist of 4 phases, namely, preliminary phase, study phase and identification, design phase and conclusion phase.
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Figure 4. Problem-solving Systematics
3.4. Phase Preliminary At this stage, the problem is identified, determining the objectives of research and problem constraints as well as conducting preliminary studies by conducting literature studies and study of research objects. At the time of identification of the issue, the author identifies the company's issue of being a research object, relating to enterprise architecture. Further determination of the objectives can be guidelines for problem solving and problem constraints to illustrate the clearer scope of this study. After a defined formulation of problems, limitation of problems, and research objectives, the preliminary study carried out with the study of literature and study of research objects. Literature study to understand concepts related to research and study of research objects conducted to know the existing condition of the company. As for the, preliminary stage of this author to identify the architectural vision of the PT Gerbang Duabelas.
3.5. Phases of study and planning At this stage the authors identify the research input in the form of business identification, information system identification, and identification of the company's technology. In business identification, authors identify such as company business processes, corporate workflows, and company role catalogues. In the identification of information systems, authors identify such as data rotation flows, diagram classes, and information system data matrices. In technological
http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 9 [email protected] Nilo Legowo, Wandi Aprianto identification, authors identify among other technological portfolios, technology use of the system, and platform technologies used.
3.6. Planning Phase At this stage the author initiated by making the definition of each of its baseline architectures describing the existing condition of PT Gerbang Duabelas and then creating a target architecture on each desired architecture for the filtering system Consumers in the future. After that the gap analysis is done to know the gaps that exist on the baseline architecture with the target architecture. After knowing the gaps, it is established an architectural development roadmap at every stage of its architecture. Documents produced in the design of enterprise architecture in the form of roadmap components and target architecture that can be a guide to the development of consumer screening system at PT Gerbang Duabelas.
3.7. Conclusion Phase At this stage the author divides the conclusions into 2 parts namely conclusions and suggestions. In conclusion, the author outlines the conclusions of the guidelines and blueprint results of the business architecture and technology architecture that has been done in this study.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Analysis and design conducted covering the, preliminary phase, architecture vision phase, business architecture phase and phase technology architecture.
4.1. Phase Preliminary TOGAF ADM also expressed a clear vision and principle of how to do the development of enterprise architecture, the principle is used as a measure in assessing the success of THE Enterprise architecture development by The Organization (The Open Group, 2009). In Table 1 explains the architectural principles in the development of enterprise architectures presented in a catalogue form.
Table 1. Principle Catalog Number Name Principle 1 Business Principle Benefits Principles Maximize profits for companies Information management is the responsibility of all parts Business Continuity Minimizes cancellation rates Information Technology Responsibilities Data is an asset 2 Data Data dissemination Principles Accessing data Data surveillance Data security 3 Application Ease of Use Principles Changes based on requirement 4 Technology Responsive Change Principles Management Diversity of technical controls Interoperability
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In table 1 can be seen how the phases in TOGAF ADM must meet the Principles of each phase. This principles will then be used to declare a clear vision and principle of how to conduct enterprise architecture development.
4.2. Phase Architecture Vision (Phase A) Analysis and design of the solution concept diagram PT Gerbang Duabelas conducted to answer the business needs of PT Gerbang Duabelas where the solution concept diagram is global (High level). The depiction of the solution concept diagram of PT Gerbang Duabelas can be seen in Figure 5 below.
Figure 5. Solution Concept Diagram In Figure 5 can be seen diagram solution concept at PT Gerbang Duabelas consisting of components of activity needed to meet the needs of consumer screening systems of PT Gerbang Duabelas from the repository to the actor Involved.
4.3. Phase Business Architecture (Phase B) Before starting to design business architecture, it is necessary to do business architecture analysis requirements according to the stage of TOGAF ADM. From the analysis can be done design business architecture requirements presented in the form of Catalog as in table 2 below.
Table 2. Business Requirements Number Requirements 1 Strategic business transformation management in consumer filtering optimisation 2 Alignment of business needs with business support technology needs 3 The provision of business management is capable reliable 5 Management of grand design of business architecture to support business services 6 Unification of all consumer interviews services in one service interface 7 Achievement of work effectiveness to improve service performance In table 2, you can see the business architecture requirements that correspond to the Web- Interview system. Business Architecture planning requirements are done to map any requirement that must be fulfilled in the design of business architecture.
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Figure 6 Class Diagram In the figure 6 visible diagram class representing the system from the interview website
Figure 7. Use Case Diagram As seen in Figure 7, consumers who come will be accompanied by an admin who then the admin will be logged into the interview system then after successfully logged in, consumers will be faced with questions to complete and Consumers will answer according to his statement and submit every answer that the customer answers until all the questions are done to the consumer, after which the admin check back and when it is appropriate, the admin will print the results of the interview The.
4.4. Phase Technology Architecture (Phase D) Before starting to design technology architecture, it is necessary to do analysis technology requirement according to the stage of TOGAF ADM as presented in the form of catalogs as in table 3 follows.
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Table 3. Technology Requirements Number Requirements 1 Integrated system architecture designed based on service oriented 2 Other related services are made to interact through the Enterprise service bus 3 Communication mechanisms and interaction between services are regulated technologically using standard protocols 4 A service object, program module, application program, resource, a collection of large application programs or other systems 5 Each service is defined and registered in order to be reused by another system (or service) that requires 6 The system architecture has 3 main parts: Presentation tier: Directly with the user or consumer of PT Gerbang Duabelas Business tier: Where business processes and supporters are gathered Integration tier: Become a main hub with all applications both data and non-data 7 Technological capability in providing high system uptime 8 The ability of the system to be accessed anywhere and anytime 9 Technology capabilities to integrate services with other external systems associated 10 Ability to connect various types of operating systems or platforms 11 Ability to ensure secure information exchange services according to the needs of the application, including: Access Control Using monitoring system to know the presence of attacks and abuse by hackers Use of encryption and decryption on data transmission and data acceptance 12 The ability to integrate a centralised database In table 4 can be seen requirement technology from Web-Interview system. Designing technology requirement The Web-Interview system is done to map out any requirement that must be fulfilled in the design of technology architecture. From 12 requirement will be used as the foundation in the design of technology architecture defined in the design of catalogues, matrices, and diagrams.
5. CONCLUSION The conclusions that can be outlined from this study are as follows. The architectural design of this study resulted in architectural blueprints: Blueprints resulting from business architecture are business architecture requirements, Organization/driver/role catalog, business interaction matrix, organization decomposition diagram, functional decomposition diagram, functional Interaction diagram, Business
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process/function catalog, business function/information diagram, process flow diagram, and business use case diagram. Blueprint produced from technology architecture namely technology requirement, technology standard Catalogue, technology portfolio Catalogue, matrix system technology, environment and location diagram, platform decomposition diagram, topology Network, consumer filtering system architecture and data Center architecture. Roadmap of Business architecture and technology architecture GAP analysis of Business architecture and technology architecture Phase Business Architecture With the development plan of consumer filtration system that adds business function Web- Interview, there is also a addition of actors to accommodate the Web-Interview, namely consumer and admin of KPR processors. Consumers can directly use the system by accessing via mobile/laptop/Personal Computer that has been provided while the admin serves as a system administrator to help guide the customer and assist the consumer when have problems or constraints. Web-Interview answered one of the requirement system so that the system can be accessed anywhere and anytime and cross device or platform. Phase Technology Architecture To integrate the entire system in PT. Gerbang Duabelas then use Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) technology. SOA offers an easy to exchange of information between applications, as it can be viewed as a service that can be reused by other systems that need it. The service-service is interacted through the Enterprise Service BUS (ESB), for example from the housing booking administration needs data related to the results of the interview to prospective customers or from the process of the KPR file Need consumer data such as income, employment, and others.
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