Effects of Statins on Renin–Angiotensin System
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis in Antihypertensive Drug Users
Jong, H.J.I. de, Vandebriel, R.J., Saldi, S.R.F., Dijk, L. van, Loveren, H. van, Cohen Tervaert, J.W., Klungel, O.H. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in antihypertensive drug users. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety: 2012, 21(8), 835-843 Postprint Version 1.0 Journal website http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3291 Pubmed link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674737 DOI 10.1002/pds.3291 This is a NIVEL certified Post Print, more info at http://www.nivel.eu Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in antihypertensive drug users†‡ HILDA J. I. DE JONG1,2,3, ROB J. VANDEBRIEL1, SITI R. F. SALDI3, LISET VAN DIJK4, HENK VAN LOVEREN1,2, JAN WILLEM COHEN TERVAERT5, OLAF H. KLUNGEL3,* ABSTRACT Purpose: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are effective in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Next to effects on hypertension and cardiac function, these drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties which may either facilitate or protect against the development of autoimmunity, potentially resulting in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we determined in the current study the association between ACE inhibitor and ARB use and incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: A matched case–control study was conducted among patients treated with antihypertensive drugs using the Netherlands Information Network of General Practice (LINH) database in 2001–2006. Cases were patients with a first-time diagnosis of RA. Each case was matched to five controls for age, sex, and index date, which was selected 1 year before the first diagnosis of RA. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig. -
The Differential Effects of Statins on the Metastatic Behaviour of Prostate Cancer
British Journal of Cancer (2012) 106, 1689–1696 & 2012 Cancer Research UK All rights reserved 0007 – 0920/12 www.bjcancer.com The differential effects of statins on the metastatic behaviour of prostate cancer *,1 1 1 2,3 2,3 2,4 1,2,4 M Brown , C Hart , T Tawadros , V Ramani , V Sangar , M Lau and N Clarke 1 Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, University of Manchester, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 2 The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation 3 Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK; Department of Urology, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, 4 UK; Department of Urology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Manchester M6 8HD, UK BACKGROUND: Although statins do not affect the incidence of prostate cancer (CaP), usage reduces the risk of clinical progression and mortality. Although statins are known to downregulate the mevalonate pathway, the mechanism by which statins reduce CaP progression is unknown. METHODS: Bone marrow stroma (BMS) was isolated with ethical approval from consenting patients undergoing surgery for non- malignant disease. PC-3 binding, invasion and colony formation within BMS was assessed by standardised in vitro co-culture assays in the presence of different statins. RESULTS: Statins act directly on PC-3 cells with atorvastatin, mevastatin, simvastatin (1 mM) and rosuvastatin (5 mM), but not pravastatin, significantly reducing invasion towards BMS by an average of 66.68% (range 53.93–77.04%; Po0.05) and significantly reducing both 2 2 number (76.2±8.29 vs 122.9±2.48; P ¼ 0.0055) and size (0.2±0.0058 mm vs 0.27±0.012 mm ; P ¼ 0.0019) of colonies formed within BMS. -
What Precautions Should We Use with Statins for Women of Childbearing
CLINICAL INQUIRIES What precautions should we use with statins for women of childbearing age? Chaitany Patel, MD, Lisa Edgerton, PharmD New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina Donna Flake, MSLS, MSAS Coastal Area Health Education Center, Wilmington, NC EVIDENCE- BASED ANSWER Statins are contraindicated for women who are on its low tissue-penetration properties. pregnant or breastfeeding. Data evaluating statin Cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin 40 mg/d did use for women of childbearing age is limited; how- not disrupt menstrual cycles or effect luteal phase ever, they may be used cautiously with adequate duration (strength of recommendation: C). contraception. Pravastatin may be preferred based CLINICAL COMMENTARY Use statins only as a last resort Before reading this review, I had not been for women of childbearing age ® Dowdenaware Health of the serious Media effects of statin medications I try to follow the USPSTF recommendations and on the developing fetus. In conversations with not screen women aged <45 years without coro- my colleagues, I found that the adverse effects nary artery disease riskCopyright factors for Fhyperlipidemia.or personalof usestatins onlyduring pregnancy are not readily When a woman of any age needs treatment, my known. Such information needs to be more first-line therapy is lifestyle modification. Given the widely disseminated. risks of statin drugs to the developing fetus, Ariel Smits, MD women with childbearing potential should give Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science fully informed consent and be offered reliable University, Portland contraception before stating statin therapy. I Evidence summary anal, cardiac, tracheal, esophageal, renal, Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A and limb deficiency (VACTERL associa- (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors, com- tion), intrauterine growth retardation monly called statins, have been on the (IUGR), and demise in fetuses exposed market since the late 1980s. -
Effect of Statins and ACE Inhibitors Alone and in Combination on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Journal of Human Hypertension (2004) 18, 781–788 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9240/04 $30.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of statins and ACE inhibitors alone and in combination on clinical outcome in patients with coronary heart disease VG Athyros1, DP Mikhailidis3, AA Papageorgiou2, VI Bouloukos1, AN Pehlivanidis1, AN Symeonidis4 and M Elisaf5, for the GREACE Study Collaborative Group 1Atherosclerosis Unit, Aristotelian University, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; 2Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Pond Street, London, UK; 32nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotelian University, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; 4Greek Society of General Practitioners, Thessaloniki, Greece; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece We assessed the ‘synergy’ of statins and angiotensin- point in group A was 31%, (95% CI À48 to À6%, P ¼ 0.01) converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in reducing vascu- in comparison to group B, 59% (95% CI À72 to À48%, lar events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Po0.0001) to group C and 63% (95% CI À74 to À51%, The GREek Atorvastatin and CHD Evaluation (GREACE) Po0.0001) to group D. There was no significant Study, suggested that aggressive reduction of low difference in RRR between groups C and D (9%, CI density lipoprotein cholesterol to 2.59 mmol/l À27–10%, P ¼ 0.1). Other factors (eg the blood pressure) (o100 mg/dl) significantly reduces morbidity and mor- that can influence clinical outcome did not differ tality in CHD patients, in comparison to undertreated significantly between the four treatment groups. -
Get the Facts: What You Need to Know About Statins
Get the Facts: What You Need to Know About Statins We hear a lot about lowering our cholesterol by eating a low-fat diet and getting regular exercise. But for some people, making healthy changes isn’t enough. That’s when statins come in. Statins are medicines that reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, two of the leading causes of death in the United States. These medicines keep the liver from making cholesterol and help it get rid of cholesterol in the blood. Statins may help if you have high cholesterol, heart disease or are at high risk for heart disease or stroke. Things that can put you at high risk include being a current or former smoker, stress, having diabetes and/or high blood pressure, having a family history of heart disease or stroke, or being overweight. This means you do not have to have high cholesterol to benefit from taking statins. What Are Some Examples of Statins? Below is a list of statins you may have heard of and where you can find them on the SCAN Health Plan® Formulary (Note: The SCAN Formulary and the Formulary tier are subject to change, especially from year to year.): Statin Formulary Status Brand Name Generic Name Lipitor® Atorvastatin Tier 1 Mevacor® Lovastatin Tier 1 Pravachol® Pravastatin Tier 1 Zocor® Simvastatin Tier 1 Crestor® Rosuvastatin Tier 2 Lescol® Fluvastatin Not available Livalo® Pitavastatin Not available Statins can also be combined with other cholesterol-lowering and blood pressure drugs into one pill but may have higher copays. If you have questions about these combination pills and their copays, please talk to your pharmacist. -
Critical Impact of Drug-Drug Interactions Via Intestinal CYP3A in the Risk Assessment of Weak Perpetrators Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models
DMD Fast Forward. Published on January 29, 2020 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089599 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD # 89599 Title page Critical impact of drug-drug interactions via intestinal CYP3A in the risk assessment of weak perpetrators using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models Makiko Yamada, Shin-ichi Inoue, Daisuke Sugiyama, Yumi Nishiya, Tomoko Ishizuka, Akiko Watanabe, Downloaded from Kengo Watanabe, Shinji Yamashita, Nobuaki Watanabe Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan dmd.aspetjournals.org (M.Y., S.I., D.S., Y.N., T.I., A.W., K.W., N.W.) and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University (S.Y.) at ASPET Journals on October 1, 2021 1 DMD Fast Forward. Published on January 29, 2020 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089599 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD # 89599 Running title page Running title: PBPK modeling of weak perpetrators via intestinal CYP3A *Corresponding author: Makiko Yamada, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan. Phone: +81-3-3492- Downloaded from 3131; Fax: +81-3-5436-8567. E-mail: [email protected] Number of text pages: 28 Number of tables: 3 dmd.aspetjournals.org Number of figures: 5 Number of references: 23 Number of words in the Abstract: 245 at ASPET Journals on October 1, 2021 Number of words in the Introduction: 706 Number of words in the Discussion: 1483 Abbreviations: ACAT, Advanced Compartmental Absorption and Transit; AUC, area under the curve; AUCR, AUC ratio; CYP3A, cytochrome P450 3A; DDI, drug-drug interaction; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; Fg, intestinal availability; FPE, first pass effect; GMFE, geometric mean fold error ; LC- MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetic; TDI, time-dependent inhibition. -
Ace Inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)
Medication Instructions Ace Inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Generic Brand Benazepril Lotensin Captopril Capoten Enalapril Vasotec Fosinopril Monopril Lisinopril Prinivil, Zestril Do not Moexipril Univasc Quinapril Accupril stop taking Ramipril Altace this medicine Trandolapril Mavik About this Medicine unless told ACE inhibitors are used to treat both high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure (HF). They block an enzyme that causes blood vessels to constrict. This to do so allows the blood vessels to relax and dilate. Untreated, high blood pressure can damage to your heart, kidneys and may lead to stroke or heart failure. In HF, using by your an ACE inhibitor can: • Protect your heart from further injury doctor. • Improve your health • Reduce your symptoms • Can prevent heart failure. Generic forms of ACE Inhibitors (benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, and lisinopril) may be purchased at a lower price. There are no “generics” for Accupril, Altace Mavik, and of Univasc. Thus their prices are higher. Ask your doctor if one of the generic ACE Inhibitors would work for you. How to Take Use this drug as directed by your doctor. It is best to take these drugs, especially captopril, on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals (unless otherwise instructed by your doctor). Side Effects Along with needed effects, a drug may cause some unwanted effects. Many people will not have any side effects. Most of these side effects are mild and short-lived. Check with your doctor if any of the following side effects occur: • Fever and chills • Hoarseness • Swelling of face, mouth, hands or feet or any trouble in swallowing or breathing • Dizziness or lightheadedness (often a problem with the first dose) Report these side effects if they persist: • Cough – dry or continuing • Loss of taste, diarrhea, nausea, headache or unusual fatigue • Fast or irregular heartbeat, dizziness, lightheadedness • Skin rash Special Guidelines • Sodium in the diet may cause you to retain fluid and increase your blood pressure. -
Effect of the Nutritional Supplement Alanerv on the Serum PON1 Activity in Post-Acute Stroke Patients
Pharmacological Reports Copyright © 2013 2013, 65, 743750 by Institute of Pharmacology ISSN 1734-1140 Polish Academy of Sciences Shortcommunication EffectofthenutritionalsupplementALAnerv® ontheserumPON1activityinpost-acutestroke patients BogdanN.Manolescu1,MihaiBerteanu2,DeliaCintezã2 1 DepartmentofOrganicChemistry”C.Nenitescu”,FacultyofAppliedChemistryandScienceofMaterials, PolytechnicUniversityofBucharest,011061,Bucharest,Romania 2 DepartmentofRehabilitationandPhysicalMedicine,FacultyofMedicine,UniversityofMedicineandPharmacy ”CarolDavila”,020022,Bucharest,Romania Correspondence: BogdanN.Manolescu,e-mail:[email protected] Abstract: Background: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is one of the HDL-associated proteins which contributes to the antioxidant properties of these lipoproteins. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv® on serum PON1 activity inpost-acutestrokepatientsundergoingrehabilitation. Methods: We enrolled 28 post-acute stroke patients and randomly divided them into (–) ALA or (+) ALA study groups. All the pa- tients underwent the same rehabilitation program and received comparable standard medications. Moreover, (+) ALA patients re- ceived ALAnerv® for two weeks (2 pills/day). The serum PON1 activity was assessed on blood samples taken at the admission and at the discharge moments, respectively. We used paraoxon (paraoxonase activity, PONA), phenyl acetate (arylesterase activity, ARYLA) and dihydrocoumarin (lactonase activity, LACTA) as substrates, the latter activity being regarded -
Deprescribing for Older Patients
CMAJ Review CME Deprescribing for older patients Christopher Frank MD, Erica Weir MD MSc See related editorial at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi:10.1503/cmaj.122099 and articles at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi:10.1503/cmaj.122012 and www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi:10.1503/cmaj.130523 he principles that guide optimal prescribing outcomes related to medications than other older Competing interests: None for older patients1,2 (Box 1) include depre- patients. They are also more likely to have limited declared. scribing medications that are no longer indi- life expectancy than well older people of similar This article has been peer T 17 cated, appropriate or aligned with evolving goals of age. Medication lists tend to lengthen as patients reviewed. care. Deprescribing is a relatively new term that age, and there are few guidelines to inform medi- Correspondence to: focuses attention on the sometimes overlooked step cation management in the context of polyphar- Christopher Frank, frankc in medication review of stopping medications to macy, multiple morbidities and age-related @providencecare.ca improve outcomes and decrease risks associated changes to pharmacokinetics and pharmacody- CMAJ 2014. DOI:10.1503 with polypharmacy in older people.3–5 These risks namics (Box 1). All prescribers contributing to the /cmaj.131873 include nonadherence,6 adverse drug reactions,7 medication list need to be alert to “prescribing functional and cognitive decline,8 and falls.9,10 In inertia”18 (the tendency to automatically renew a Canada, more than 50% of older people living in medication even when the original indication is long-term care facilities and 27% of those living in no longer present) and should view polypharmacy the community take more than five medications a as an impetus to deprescribe when appropriate. -
Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites
PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES High quality reference materials for analytical testing of pharmaceutical and veterinary compounds and metabolites. lgcstandards.com/drehrenstorfer [email protected] LGC Quality | ISO 17034 | ISO/IEC 17025 | ISO 9001 PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES What you need to know Pharmaceutical and veterinary medicines are essential for To facilitate the fair trade of food, and to ensure a consistent human and animal welfare, but their use can leave residues and evidence-based approach to consumer protection across in both the food chain and the environment. In a 2019 survey the globe, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (“Codex”) was of EU member states, the European Food Safety Authority established in 1963. Codex is a joint agency of the FAO (Food (EFSA) found that the number one food safety concern was and Agriculture Office of the United Nations) and the WHO the misuse of antibiotics, hormones and steroids in farm (World Health Organisation). It is responsible for producing animals. This is, in part, related to the issue of growing antibiotic and maintaining the Codex Alimentarius: a compendium of resistance in humans as a result of their potential overuse in standards, guidelines and codes of practice relating to food animals. This level of concern and increasing awareness of safety. The legal framework for the authorisation, distribution the risks associated with veterinary residues entering the food and control of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VMPs) varies chain has led to many regulatory bodies increasing surveillance from country to country, but certain common principles activities for pharmaceutical and veterinary residues in food and apply which are described in the Codex guidelines. -
FDA Requests Removal of Strongest Warning Against Using Cholesterol
FDA requests removal of strongest warning against using cholesterol-lowering statins during pregnancy; still advises most pregnant patients should stop taking statins Breastfeeding not recommended in patients who require statins 7-20-2021 FDA Drug Safety Communication What safety information is FDA announcing? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requesting removal of its strongest warning against using cholesterol-lowering statin medicines in pregnant patients. Despite the change, most patients should stop statins once they learn they are pregnant. We have conducted a comprehensive review of all available data and are requesting that statin manufacturers make this change to the prescribing information as part of FDA’s ongoing effort to update the pregnancy and breastfeeding information for all prescription medicines. Patients should not breastfeed when taking a statin because the medicine may pass into breast milk and pose a risk to the baby. Many can stop statins temporarily until breastfeeding ends. However, patients requiring ongoing statin treatment should not breastfeed and instead use infant formula or other alternatives. What is FDA doing? We are requesting revisions to the information about use in pregnancy in the prescribing information of the entire class of statin medicines. These changes include removing the contraindication against using these medicines in all pregnant patients. A contraindication is FDA’s strongest warning and is only added when a medicine should not be used because the risk clearly outweighs any possible benefit. Because the benefits of statins may include prevention of serious or potentially fatal events in a small group of very high-risk pregnant patients, contraindicating these drugs in all pregnant women is not appropriate.