Collateral Damage (Part 2): the Subprime Crisis and the Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001
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Of Community Banking: the Continued Importance of Local Institutions Bob Solomon UC Irvine School of Law
UC Irvine Law Review Volume 2 Issue 3 Business Law as Public Interest Law / Article 8 Searching for Equality: A Conference on Law, Race, and Socio-Economic Class 12-2012 The alF l (and Rise?) of Community Banking: The Continued Importance of Local Institutions Bob Solomon UC Irvine School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr Part of the Banking and Finance Law Commons Recommended Citation Bob Solomon, The Fall (and Rise?) of Community Banking: The Continued Importance of Local Institutions, 2 U.C. Irvine L. Rev. 945 (2012). Available at: https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr/vol2/iss3/8 This Article and Essay is brought to you for free and open access by UCI Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UC Irvine Law Review by an authorized editor of UCI Law Scholarly Commons. UCILR V2I3 Assembled v8 (Do Not Delete) 12/14/2012 5:35 PM The Fall (and Rise?) of Community Banking: The Continued Importance of Local Institutions Bob Solomon* Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 945 I. The Reality of Bank Concentration .......................................................................... 946 II. Four Principles ........................................................................................................... 950 III. ShoreBank—The Model for Community Development Banking ................... 955 IV. The Difficulties of Starting a De Novo Bank— The New Haven Experience ........................................................................... -
IN the CIRCUIT COURT of COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS COUNTY DEPARTMENT, CHANCERY DIVISION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK of CHICAGO, Plaintiff
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS COUNTY DEPARTMENT, CHANCERY DIVISION FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF ) CHICAGO, ) Plaintiff, ) No. 10 CH 45033 ) v. ) CORRECTED AMENDED COMPLAINT ) FOR RESCISSION AND DAMAGES BANC OF AMERICA FUNDING ) CORPORATION; BANC OF AMERICA ) SECURITIES LLC; BANK OF AMERICA, ) JURY TRIAL DEMANDED NATIONAL ASSOCIATION; BANK OF ) AMERICA CORPORATION; ) SECURITIZED ASSET BACKED ) RECEIVABLES, LLC; BARCLAYS ) CAPITAL INC.; CITIGROUP MORTGAGE ) LOAN TRUST INC.; CITIGROUP ) GLOBAL MARKETS INC.; CITIGROUP ) FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, INC.; ) CITIGROUP INC.; COUNTRYWIDE ) SECURITIES CORPORATION; ) COUNTRYWIDE FINANCIAL ) CORPORATION; CREDIT SUISSE ) SECURITIES (USA) LLC F/K/A CREDIT ) SUISSE FIRST BOSTON LLC; FIRST ) HORIZON ASSET SECURITIES, INC.; ) FIRST TENNESSEE BANK, NATIONAL ) ASSOCIATION; RESIDENTIAL ASSET ) MORTGAGE PRODUCTS, INC.; ) RESIDENTIAL ASSET SECURITIES ) CORPORATION; RESIDENTIAL ) FUNDING MORTGAGE SECURITIES I, ) INC.; RESIDENTIAL FUNDING ) SECURITIES LLC F/K/A RESIDENTIAL ) FUNDING SECURITIES CORPORATION; ) RESIDENTIAL FUNDING ) CORPORATION; GMAC MORTGAGE ) GROUP LLC F/K/A GMAC MORTGAGE ) GROUP INC.; ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ) F/K/A GMAC INC.; GS MORTGAGE ) SECURITIES CORP.; GOLDMAN, SACHS ) & CO.; GOLDMAN SACHS MORTGAGE ) COMPANY; THE GOLDMAN SACHS ) GROUP INC.; FINANCIAL ASSET ) SECURITIES CORP.; RBS ACCEPTANCE ) INC. F/K/A GREENWICH CAPITAL ) ACCEPTANCE, INC.; RBS SECURITIES ) INC. F/K/A GREENWICH CAPITAL ) MARKETS, INC.; RBS HOLDINGS USA ) INC. F/K/A GREENWICH CAPITAL ) HOLDINGS, INC.; SAND CANYON ) ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION F/K/A ) OPTION ONE MORTGAGE ) ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION; ) AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT ) SERVICES, INC.; AMERIPRISE ) FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.; ) AMERIPRISE ADVISOR SERVICES, INC. ) F/K/A H&R BLOCK FINANCIAL ) ADVISORS, INC.; SAND CANYON ) CORPORATION F/K/A OPTION ONE ) MORTGAGE CORPORATION; H&R ) BLOCK, INC.; HSBC SECURITIES (USA) ) INC.; INDYMAC MBS, INC.; J.P. -
Digestive Diseases We Are Now in the Midst of a Transition David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in Leadership
DigestiveUCLA Division of Diseases Spring 2008 Newsletter David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Probiotics: In this issue page 2.....Letter from the Chief page 3.....First-Rate Fellows From Bugs to Drugs page 5.....Why Philanthropy Matters page 6.....Obesity and the Digestive Tract page 7.....Passing Two Hats page 8.....In Memoriam Specialists in Pancreatic Cancer page 9.....Meet our Alumni page 10...UCLA Clinic Treats Genetic Disorder page 11...Meet a Pioneering Researcher Grocery products containing probiotics. ncreasingly, we see rows upon rows of refrigerated health. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when products containing live bacteria in supermarkets consumed in proper amounts, can provide you with I and health food stores. What could live bacteria health benefits and a protective effect against potentially possibly do for you? Advertisers tout the benefits of harmful bacteria that also live in the GI tract. Including yogurt and other foods containing live cultures that you probiotics in your diet can support healthy gut flora, and can eat to shorten or prevent illness. With the myriad some can help in treating diseases. claims many commercial enterprises make, how do you There is plenty of “food for thought” as you face the know what to believe? Although “good bugs” can protect heavy advertising of probiotics. Dr. Fergus Shanahan your stomach from a variety of ills, there is more than says, “Everything has to be put in perspective. In healthy meets the eye when you look deeper into the science people, they probably aren’t necessary, but probiotics surrounding their potential use. would be helpful if you are taking antibiotics.” Dr. -
Small Business Banking Issues
Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks Small Business Banking Issues A National Forum Sponsored by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency Renaissance Washington Hotel Washington, D.C. February 5, 1998 Acknowledgments The Office of the Comptroller would like to express its appreciation to the speakers at the Small Business Banking Issues Forum, whose presentations are summarized here. Appreciation is also extended to the forum attendees, listed in Appendix A of this publication, for their questions, comments, and experiences shared about small business banking. The project was developed to enable bankers and small busi- ness owners to learn about successful programs, techniques, and strategies relevant to small business banking that could be replicated in their own communities. OCC staff contributing to the planning and conduct of the forum included: Janice A. Booker, director, Community Devel- opment Division (CDD); Yvonne McIntire, senior attorney, Community and Consumer Law; Denise Kirk-Murray, commu- nity reinvestment and development specialist, Community and Consumer Policy Division; Alfred T. Mitchell, community development specialist, CDD; Glenda Cross, director, Minority and Urban Affairs; John Turner, national bank examiner, Credit Risk; and Jacquelyn C. Allen, community development specialist, CDD. Lillian M. Long, program coordinator, CD Investments Program, CDD, served as project leader. Adminis- trative assistance was provided by Tawanda Hudge and Lisa Hemphill, CDD. The Communications Division, particularly Amy A. Millen, senior editor, and Rick Progar, publications liaison officer, helped to bring this publication to fruition. The OCC welcomes your comments or questions about this publication. Please write to the Community Development Division, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, 250 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20219, or call (202) 874-4940. -
Yale Law School 2006–2007
ale university August 10, 2006 2007 – Number 8 2006 bulletin of y Series 1o2 Yale Law School Yale bulletin of yale university August 10, 2006 Yale Law School Periodicals postage paid New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8227 ct New Haven bulletin of yale university bulletin of yale Bulletin of Yale University The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, and employment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and affirmatively Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University, seeks to attract to its faculty, staff, and student body qualified persons of diverse back- PO Box 208227, New Haven ct 06520-8227 grounds. In accordance with this policy and as delineated by federal and Connecticut law, Yale does not discriminate in admissions, educational programs, or employment against PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230 any individual on account of that individual’s sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, Periodicals postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut status as a special disabled veteran, veteran of the Vietnam era, or other covered veteran, or national or ethnic origin; nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. Issued seventeen times a year: one time a year in May, November, and December; two University policy is committed to affirmative action under law in employment of times a year in June; three times a year in July and September; six times a year in August women, minority group members, individuals with disabilities, special disabled veterans, veterans of the Vietnam era, and other covered veterans. Managing Editor: Linda Koch Lorimer Inquiries concerning these policies may be referred to Valerie O. -
Strengthening and Streamlining Prudential Bank Supervision Hearing
S. HRG. 111–407 STRENGTHENING AND STREAMLINING PRUDENTIAL BANK SUPERVISION HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON STRENGTHENING AND STREAMLINING PRUDENTIAL BANK SUPER- VISION TO BETTER PROVIDE THE SAFETY, SOUNDNESS, AND STA- BILITY OF THE FINANCIAL MARKETS AUGUST 4 AND SEPTEMBER 29, 2009 Printed for the use of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ( Available at: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/senate05sh.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 56–376 PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut, Chairman TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama JACK REED, Rhode Island ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York JIM BUNNING, Kentucky EVAN BAYH, Indiana MIKE CRAPO, Idaho ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey MEL MARTINEZ, Florida DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii BOB CORKER, Tennessee SHERROD BROWN, Ohio JIM DEMINT, South Carolina JON TESTER, Montana DAVID VITTER, Louisiana HERB KOHL, Wisconsin MIKE JOHANNS, Nebraska MARK R. WARNER, Virginia KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire MICHAEL F. BENNET, Colorado EDWARD SILVERMAN, Staff Director WILLIAM D. DUHNKE, Republican Staff Director AMY S. FRIEND, Chief Counsel DEAN V. SHAHINIAN, Senior Counsel CHARLES YI, Senior Policy Adviser BRIAN FILIPOWICH, Legislative Assistant DEBORAH KATZ, OCC Detailee MATTHEW GREEN, FDIC Detailee MARK JICKLING, CRS Detailee MARK OESTERLE, Republican Chief Counsel JIM JOHNSON, Republican Counsel ANDREW J. -
Bezinning Op Het Buitenland
Duco Hellema, Mathieu Segers en Jan Rood (red.) Bezinning op het buitenland Het Nederlands buitenlands beleid Zijn de traditionele ijkpunten van het naoorlogse Nederlandse buitenlandse beleid in een onzekere wereld nog up to date? In hoeverre kan het bestaande buitenlandse beleid van Nederland nog gebaseerd worden op de traditionele consensus rond de drie beginselen van (1) trans-Atlantisch veiligheidsbeleid, (2) Europese economische integratie volgens de communautaire methode, en (3) ijveren voor versterking van de internationale (rechts)orde en haar multilaterale instellingen? Is er sprake van een teloorgang van die consensus en verwarring over de nieuwe werkelijkheid? Recente internationale ontwikkelingen op veiligheidspolitiek, economisch, financieel, monetair en institutioneel terrein, als mede op het gebied van mensenrechten en Duco Hellema, Mathieu Segers en Jan Rood (red.) ontwikkelingssamenwerking, dagen uit tot een herbezinning op de kernwaarden en uitgangspunten van het Nederlandse buitenlandse beleid. Het lijkt daarbij urgent een dergelijke herbezinning nu eens niet louter ‘van buiten naar binnen’, maar ook andersom vorm te geven. Het gaat derhalve niet alleen om de vraag wat de veranderingen in de wereld voor gevolgen (moeten) hebben voor het Nederlandse buitenlands beleid. Ook dient nagegaan te worden in hoeverre de Nederlandse perceptie van de eigen rol in de internationale politiek (nog) adequaat is. In verlengde hiervan zijn meer historische vragen te stellen. In hoeverre is daadwerkelijk sprake van constanten in het -
Comment Letter to the OCC Concerning Figure Bank
December 7, 2020 Via Electronic Mail Mr. Louis Gittleman Director for District Licensing Western District Office 1225 17th Street, Suite 300 Denver, CO 80202 Re: Figure Bank, N.A. Charter Application Dear Mr. Gittleman: The Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA)1 appreciates this opportunity to provide comment to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) regarding the de novo bank charter application by Figure Bank, National Association (Applicant) dated November 6, 2020. ICBA strongly encourages the OCC to delay consideration of the application until after it has solicited and evaluated further public comments and addressed the policy concerns expressed in this letter. Background Applicant is proposing a fully digital, branchless, de novo national bank that would be headquartered in Reno, Nevada and would be a wholly owned subsidiary of Figure Technologies, Inc. (FTI) with its principal place of business in San Francisco, California. Applicant intends to offer a wide range of consumer lending products including originating, selling, servicing and securitizing home equity loans (HELOCs), student loan refinance loans, and residential mortgage refinance loans. By leveraging a blockchain platform that was developed by FTI, Applicant intends to lower its technology costs and reduce the application-to- funding processing time for HELOC loans from an industry average of thirty days to five days as well as reduce HELOC costs by 100 basis points. Figure Group is one of the largest HELOC providers in the country with over $1 billion in loans originated, serviced and sold using a proprietary blockchain technology. 1 The Independent Community Bankers of America® creates and promotes an environment where community banks flourish. -
Indiana Law Review Volume 45 2012 Number 2
Indiana Law Review Volume 45 2012 Number 2 ARTICLES CRISIS MANAGEMENT: PRINCIPLES THAT SHOULD GUIDE THE DISPOSITION OF FEDERALLY OWNED, FORECLOSED PROPERTIES* RAYMOND H. BRESCIA** ELIZABETH A. KELLY*** JOHN TRAVIS MARSHALL**** INTRODUCTION Residential home values in the United States have fallen considerably from their highs in the mid-2000s. This has had profound effects on consumer wealth and spending, creating a significant drag on the U.S. economy. What is worse, this loss in values corresponded with a steep rise in unemployment, which started in late 2007,1 and has yet to fall considerably. The loss in home values has wreaked havoc on household finances and bank ledgers, as the outstanding principles of the mortgages those banks hold and service all too often exceed the current value of the homes against which they are secured. This has proven a toxic mix, as foreclosure rates in residential homes in the United States have reached highs not seen since the Great Depression.2 Foreclosures have * This Article is adapted, in part, from a policy paper drafted by the authors on behalf of the Eugene and Carol Ludwig Center for Community and Economic Development at Yale Law School in response to a Request for Information promulgated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and other federal agencies. While the text and import of these documents are very similar, reference is made to that prior work here without further attribution. ** Visiting Clinical Associate Professor of Law, Yale Law School; J.D., 1992, Yale Law School; B.A., 1989, Fordham University. I am grateful for the research assistance of Tabitha Edgens. -
SPRING 2009 • YU REVIEW Yeshiva College Bernard Revel Graduate School Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology Benjamin N
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Stern College for Women class notes Wurzweiler School 1950s pediatrics at Einstein. He is a past director of newborn services at the YUReview welcomes Classnotes submissions that are typewritten or neatly Mazal tov to Dr. Mel ’57YC and Debby Weiler Hospital of the Albert Einstein ’55YUHS Adler, and Arthur and Niki College of Medicine. printed. Relevant information (name, maiden name, school, year of graduation, Fuchs on the birth of twin grandsons, Mazal tov to Libby Kahane ’55YUHS, Yaakov Yehoshua and Shmuel Reuven. who just completed “ Rabbi Meir and a contact phone number) must be included. The magazine is not The proud parents are Zevi ’92YC and Kahane: His Life and Thought,” a Leslie (Fuchs) ’94SCW Adler. responsible for incomplete or in correct informa tion. Graduates of Cardozo, book on the life of her late husband. Mazal tov to Rabbi Aaron ’55YC, IBC, Mazal tov to Meyer Lubin, ’58FGS on Wurzweiler, Ferkauf, and Einstein may also direct notes to those schools’ ’59BRGS, RIETS and his wife Pearl the publication of his collection of ’52YUHS Borow on the marriages of essays, “Thrilling Torah Discoveries.” alumni publications. In addition to professional achievements, YUReview their grandsons Chaim and Uri to Tzivia Nudel and Dina Levy, Mazal tov to Seymour Moskowitz Classnotes may contain alumni family news, including information on births, respectively. ’54YC, ’56RIETS on the recent publi - cation of two books: “Falcon of the marriages, condolences, and ba r/bat mitzvahs. Engagement announcements The accomplishments of Dr. Leon Quraysh,” a historical novel depicting Chameides ’51YUHS, ’55YC, TI, IBC, the eighth century Muslim conquest of are not accepted. -
2013 Financial Security Summit Briefing Book
Rebuilding HouseHold balance sHeets JULY 7-10, 2013 Aspen, Colorado The ASPEN INStitUTE FINANCIAL SECURITY SUMMIT is an invitation-only gathering of top business leaders, experts, advocates, and media. The goal is to advance the dialogue on the public and private solutions that create more savings and wealth in American households, strengthen middle-class opportunity, and improve the economic future of the country. Building off of the success of last year’s Summit, the 2013 FINANCIAL SECURITY SUMMIT seeks to bring renowned leaders together to reveal compelling consensus around policies that have the power to enhance economic mobility and financial security while directing Americans away from a culture of unaffordable consumption. At a time when the American economy is at a crossroads, the Financial Security Summit aims to underline that achieving a much greater measure of financial security for both households and the country is a goal that financial industry leaders and consumer advocates believe in and can advance. The ASPEN INStitUTE INitiatiVE ON FINANCIAL SECURITY (Aspen IFS) is a leading policy program dedicated to helping bring about the policies and financial products that enable all Americans to save, invest, and own. THE ASPEN INStitUTE is an educational and policy studies organization based in Washington, DC. Its mission is to foster leadership based on enduring values and to provide a nonpartisan venue for dealing with critical issues. The Institute has campuses in Aspen, Colorado, and on the Wye River on Maryland’s Eastern Shore. It also maintains offices in New York City and has an international network of partners. July 7, 2013 Dear Financial Security Summit Participant, Welcome to Aspen! It is a pleasure to have you join us at our second Aspen Institute FINANCIAL SECURITY SUMMIT . -
Working Paper
CRA’s 25th Anniversary: The Past, Present, and Future Kenneth H. Thomas, Ph.D. Lecturer in Finance The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the past, present, and future rules and regulations implementing CRA as developed, applied, and enforced by the federal bank and thrift regulators. The past rules and regulations refer to those in effect during the law’s first 18 years, through 1995, when CRA underwent its first major reform. The present CRA rules and regulations were adopted then, with the mandate that they would be reviewed for possible reform in 2002. The future rules and regulations are being drafted now by the regulators, based on their review of approximately 400 public comments; the reform recommendations should be released sometime during the second half of 2002. The future of CRA’s legacy as arguably the perfect fair market regulation in a world of Compassionate Capitalism will depend upon the direction of these reforms. Optimal public policy by the bank and thrift regulators in this regard must represent the ideal balance between competing consumer and industry interests. This paper represents the first comprehensive analysis of the public comments and concludes with specific recommendations that will lead to optimal public policy. COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT OF 1977 The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA) is 25 years worth of living proof that capitalism can have a corporate conscience without degrading itself into socialism or gambling on the other extreme of completely unregulated markets. CRA can be argued to be the nearly perfect example of striking the correct balance between government and market regulation in a capitalist economy.