O Fenómeno Do Futebol Em Portugal Estudo De Caso Concelho Da Guarda

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O Fenómeno Do Futebol Em Portugal Estudo De Caso Concelho Da Guarda UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR Ciências Sociais e Humanas O Fenómeno do Futebol em Portugal Estudo de caso Concelho da Guarda Armando Jorge Gonçalves de Almeida Neves Relatório de estágio para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ensino da Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário (2º ciclo de estudos) Orientador: Prof. Doutor Pedro Guedes de Carvalho Covilhã, Outubro de 2013 “O Fenómeno do Futebol em Portugal: estudo de caso Concelho da Guarda” 2013 “É na educação dos filhos que se revelam as virtudes dos Pais" Henrique Maximiano Coelho Neto II Agradecimentos O presente trabalho não teria sido possível sem a colaboração, participação e esforço conjugado de várias pessoas e entidades. Quero aqui prestar os meus mais sinceros agradecimentos, expressando gratidão e reconhecimento: 1. Professor Doutor Pedro Guedes de Carvalho , por ter aceite o repto que lancei para ser o meu orientador. A amabilidade e prontidão com que sempre se disponibilizou a ajudar-me, e as pertinentes e oportunas retificações feitas a este trabalho constituíram-se como um elemento preponderante em todo o processo. 2. Aos diversos serviços e organismos a que me dirigi e que prontamente me forneceram dados. 3. À minha família e amigos, pois afinal são os que mais me compreendem, ajudam, e motivam. 4. A todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho e que por motivo de esquecimento possam não ter sido referidos. III Resumo O futebol é, na actualidade, um dos fenómenos sociais mais importantes da sociedade portuguesa, que tem a capacidade de produzir diversos outros fenómenos, mobilizar públicos e suscitar angústias. Os aspectos culturais, económicos, sociais e políticos constroem a sua pludimensionalidade, com repercussão no território, que é preciso delimitar. Assim, sendo o futebol, considerado neste trabalho, um fenómeno social total, é também um fenómeno local. Estudar o futebol numa determinada zona geográfica permite analisar a dimensão socioeconómica de um determinado país. O objecto de estudo do presente relatório é o fenómeno do futebol em Portugal, dando-se especial ênfase ao Concelho da Guarda, caracterizando este Concelho em termos socioeconómicos e mostrando a forma como estes factores influenciam o próprio futebol que existe no Concelho. Palavras-chave: Futebol, Factores socioeconómicos, Concelho da Guarda, fenómeno IV Abstract Football is, at present, one of the most important social phenomenons of Portuguese society, which has the ability to produce many other phenomenons, mobilize public and raise anxieties. The cultural, economic, social and political construct their multidimensionality , with repercussions on the territory, which is necessary to delimit. So, being the football, considered in this paper, a total social phenomenon, is also a local phenomenon. Studying football a given geographical area allows you to analyze the socio-economic dimension of a given country. The object of study of this report is the phenomenon of football in Portugal, giving special emphasis to the County of Guarda, featuring this county in socioeconomic terms and showing how these factors influence the actual football that exists in the county. Keywords : Football, socioeconomic factors, County of Guarda, phenomenon V Índice Resumo ...................................................................................................... IV Abstract ..................................................................................................... V Lista de Figuras, Tabelas e Acrónimos ................................................................ VII Introdução.................................................................................................... 1 1. A origem do futebol .................................................................................. 3 2. O futebol em Portugal ............................................................................... 4 3. O desempenho desportivo das equipas de futebol.............................................. 5 4. A competitividade .................................................................................... 8 4.1 - A competitividade no desporto .................................................................... 9 4.2. - A competitividade a nível geográfico.......................................................... 13 4.3 - A competitividade no caso Português: o litoral e o interior ................................ 14 5. O futebol e desenvolvimento regional e local ................................................. 15 5.1. A distribuição dos clubes de futebol e a densidade populacional ......................... 16 6. Enquadramento e características do Concelho da Guarda .................................. 21 6.1. Sectores de actividade e profissões ............................................................. 24 6.2. Caracterização da rede de acessibilidades e transportes.................................... 25 6.3. As instalações desportivas artificiais do Concelho ............................................ 25 6.3.1. Distribuição espacial das instalações desportivas do Concelho da Guarda ............. 25 6.3.2. Análise das instalações desportivas ........................................................... 27 6.3.3. Grandes campos de jogos ....................................................................... 27 6.3.4. Pequenos campos de jogos ..................................................................... 27 6.3.5. Os índices de comunidade do Concelho da Guarda ......................................... 28 6.3.6. O movimento associativo no Concelho da Guarda .......................................... 29 6.4. O futebol na Guarda ................................................................................ 30 7. Discussão de resultados ............................................................................ 33 8. Conclusão ............................................................................................ 36 Bibliografia ................................................................................................. 39 VI Lista de Figuras Ilustração I – Mapa representativo do nº de indivíduos por Km 2 em Portugal ..................... 17 Ilustração II – Número de praticantes de modalidades desportivas em Portugal ................. 18 Ilustração III – Atletas por modalidade no Concelho da Guarda em 2010 .......................... 32 Lista de Tabelas Tabela 1 – Número de praticantes por modalidade em 2011 ........................................ 19 Tabela 2 – População residente por Concelho no Distrito da Guarda ............................... 22 Tabela 3 – Distribuição da população por grupos etários no Concelho da Guarda. .............. 22 Tabela 4 – Índices de envelhecimento e dependência no Concelho da Guarda ................... 23 Tabela 5 – Indicadores por Concelho no Distrito da Guarda .......................................... 23 Tabela 6 – População empregada por sectores nos Concelhos do Distrito da Guarda ........... 24 Tabela 7 – Clubes por Distrito ............................................................................. 33 Tabela 8 – Comparticipações financeiras às modalidades ............................................ 35 Lista de Acrónimos Lista de abreviaturas, siglas e símbolos usados Abreviatura Nomenclatura FPF Federação Portuguesa de Futebol IPDJ Instituto Português do Desporto e Juventude FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association PIB Produto Interno Bruto INE Instituto Nacional de Estatística VII “O Fenómeno do Futebol em Portugal: estudo caso Concelho da Guarda” 2013 Introdução Actualmente, não existe na sociedade portuguesa outra actividade desportiva que ocupe um lugar tão central nos órgãos de comunicação social, nos gostos dominantes e na atenção do público como o futebol. Por alguns chamado “desporto espectáculo”, por outros ”instituição social”, é, segundo Marcel Mauss, um ”facto social total”, isto é, um fenómeno que mobiliza a quase totalidade de uma sociedade e das suas instituições, impondo uma centralidade social e cultural devido à sua popularidade e universalidade inegáveis. O futebol é sem dúvida um fenómeno de elevada repercussão no panorama da cultura desportiva contemporânea em todo o mundo e Portugal não é excepção, verificando-se a universalidade deste desporto de norte a sul e do litoral ao interior do país. Nos últimos tempos, o interesse na relação entre o desenvolvimento económico-social e as equipas de futebol tem aumentado junto dos cientistas sociais. Factores como o número de equipas existentes numa determinada região (Breuer, 2009) e a dimensão populacional (Mourão e Colonna, 2011) podem condicionar fortemente o rendimento de um determinado clube desportivo. O presente estudo foca-se com especial atenção nas dimensões que habitualmente não são consideradas como pertinentes no que respeita aos desportos profissionais, tais como a dinâmica local ou a própria participação associativa. No entanto, considerou-se como sendo igualmente importante abordar inicialmente os determinantes do desempenho desportivo das equipas, podendo adequar-se assim esta realidade profissional a uma realidade amadora, colmatando desta forma a carência de dados existentes neste contexto. Habitualmente, num fim-de-semana em Portugal, para cada jogo disputado entre duas equipas de futebol profissional, realizam-se em média cerca de trinta jogos oficiais disputados entre equipas amadoras. Assim sendo, a quantidade de jogadores, treinadores, dirigentes e árbitros envolvidos é proporcional ao número de
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