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Home , Christine Jorgensen, GLSEN, Harvey Milk, Henry Gerber, Mattachine Society, Pederasty

LGBTQ History Cards

Antinous, a 19-year-old man who , a noted man was the Roman Emperor Hadrian’s who coined the term “masculine favorite lover, mysteriously dies love,” publishes “The Advancement in the Roman province of Egypt. of Learning—an argument for Richard Cornish of the Virginia After finding out about Antinous’s empirical research and against Colony is tried and hanged for death, Hadrian creates a cult that superstition.” This deductive sodomy. gave Antinous the status of a god system for empirical research and built several sculptures of him earned him the title “the Father of throughout the Roman Empire. Modern Science.”

The first known conviction for Thomas Cannon wrote what may be activity in North America revises Virginia the earliest published defense of occurs in March when Sarah law to make sodomy (committed in English, “Ancient White Norman is charged with by men or women) punishable by and Modern Investigated “lewd behavior” with Mary mutilation rather than death. Vincent Hammon in Plymouth, and Exemplify’d.” .

We’wha, a Zuni Native American from New Mexico, is received by The Well of Loneliness, by U.S. President Grover Cleveland forms the Society for Radclyffe Hall, is published as a “Zuni Princess.” They are Human Rights, the first gay group in the US. This sparks great an accomplished weaver, potter, in the , but the group legal controversy and brings the and the most famous Ihamana, a is quickly shut down. topic of homosexuality to public traditional Zuni , now conversation. described as mixed-gender or Two-Spirit.

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Christine Jorgensen is the first The (DOB), American who comes forward The first lasting gay organization, considered to be the first lesbian publicly about being the , is formed rights organization, is formed by and speaks openly about in . They refer to Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon in San her experiences with gender themselves as a “” Francisco, . The group is confirmation surgery and hormone group. The group exists for about a conceived as a social alternative replacement therapy. Her transition decade before splitting to lesbian bars, which were causes an international sensation, into smaller entities. considered illegal and thus subject and for many, she is the first visible to raids and police . transgender person in the media.

James Baldwin, African‐American Bayard Rustin, noted civil rights novelist and intellectual, publishes activist and gay man, is the chief becomes the first U.S. state his first novel, Giovanni’s Room, organizer behind the historic March to remove from its a critically acclaimed work that on Washington, which culminates criminal code. explores , as well as with Dr. Martin Luther King’s intimate relationships famous “” speech. between men.

Police raid the in City in the early hours of The first gay rights demonstration June 28. This leads to four days of in the USA takes place on struggle between police and LGBTQ September 19th at the Whitehall The first “ Day people. Transgender people, Induction Center in , March” is held in New York City. LGBTQ people of color and youth protesting against in are a major part of these “riots” the military. that mark the birth of the modern LGBTQ movement.

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The board of the American becomes the first Marsha “Pay It No Mind” Johnson Psychiatric Association votes 13‐0 openly gay person to be elected to and are co-founders to remove homosexuality from its public office in California when he of Street Transvestites Action official list of psychiatric disorders, wins a seat on the Revolutionaries the DSM‐II. Board of Supervisors.

Virginia Uribe begins Project 10, Nearly 800 people are infected Democrats are the first political a program to support LGBTQ with GRID (Gay‐Related party to add “gay rights” to their students in a Los Angeles high Immunodeficiency Disorder). The platform during this Democratic school. The project is eventually name is changed to AIDS by the Convention. adopted by the entire Los Angeles year’s end. School District.

The first memorial to the Nazi’s Billy Tipton, a famous male jazz gay victims is unveiled at the ACT UP, a direct-action activist musician, dies. As a result, it Neuengamme concentration camp, group, is founded in the LGBT becomes publicly known that a pink granite stone monument Community Center in New York City Tipton was assigned at birth inscribed, “Dedicated to the to bring attention to AIDS-related but lived and identified as male for Homosexual victims of National issues using civil disobedience. most of his adult life. .”

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Pedro Pablo Zamora (born Pedro Pablo Zamora y Díaz) was a Cuban- Audre Lorde is named State American AIDS educator and Poet of New York. She is a television personality. As one of becomes the first country critically acclaimed novelist, the first openly with AIDS in the world to legally recognize poet, and essayist who was also to be portrayed in popular media, same-sex unions, after passing politically active in the civil rights Zamora brought international a bill legalizing “registered movements, a cofounder of The attention to HIV/AIDS and LGBTQ partnerships” in a 71–47 vote. Kitchen Table Women of Color issues and through Press, and an editor of the lesbian his appearance on MTV’s reality journal “Chrysalis.” television series, The Real World: San Francisco.

Kelli Peterson founds the Gay/ Ellen DeGeneres and her television Matthew Shepard, a gay Wyoming Straight Alliance at East High character, Ellen Morgan, come college student, is brutally beaten School in , . The out. Ellen becomes the first show by two young men, tied to a fence city school board bans all “non‐ to feature a lesbian or gay lead and left overnight. He dies six curricular” student clubs in order character. The show is canceled the days later. to keep the group from meeting. following year.

GLSEN conducts its first National School Climate Survey to assess the experiences of LGBTQ youth with regards to their experiences NYC expands the definition of Tammy Baldwin became the first of school-based harassment and “gender” to include protections openly lesbian candidate ever victimization, the frequency with for transgender and gender elected to Congress, winning which they heard homophobic non-conforming people in Wisconsin’s second congressional language in their schools, and employment, housing, and public district seat over Josephine Musser. their overall comfort in school. accommodations in the NYC The survey is the first of its kind to Human Rights Law. examine the specific experiences of LGBTQ-identified youth in schools nationally.

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Horizon Foundation creates the Gwen Arujo Memorial Fund for Transgender Eudcation in honor of Gwen Amber Arujo, a slain trans The U.S. Supreme Court overturns Massachusetts becomes the first teenager. The fund’s purpose is sodomy laws, proclaiming rights U.S. state to legally recognize to support school-based programs to privacy and decriminalizing same-sex marriage. in the nine-county Bay Area “homosexual” behavior. that promotes understanding of transgender people and issues annual grants.

President Obama signs the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes and Prevention Soulforce, an organization Act, also known as the Matthew Attorney and transgender activist committed to confronting religious‐ Shepard Act, into law. The law Kim Coco Iwamoto is elected to based hate, launches its first expands the 1969 US federal the state‐level Board of Education Equality Ride bus tour, visiting hate-crime law to include crimes in Hawaii. She is the first openly 33 colleges and universities that motivated by a victim’s actual transgender person to be elected to ban enrollment of openly LGBTQ or perceived , a state level office in the US. students. , or disability, and becomes the first federal law to include legal protections for transgender people.

US Department of Education The David Ray Hate Crimes Secretary Arne Duncan issues a Prevention Act or David’s Law, was The U.S. military policy “Don’t statement clarifying that students a bill first introduced in the US Ask, Don’t Tell” officially ends. This have the right to form gay-straight House of Representatives by Rep. allows lesbian, gay, and bisexual alliances (GSAs) under the Equal Sheila Jackson-Lee of Texas. It people to serve openly in the Access Act of 1984 in any public was designed to enhance federal military. The repeal of “Don’t Ask, school that allows noncurricular enforcement of laws regarding hate Don’t Tell” does not lift regulations student groups to form. Schools crimes, and to specifically make barring many transgender people must also provide GSAs with the sexual orientation, like race and from serving. same opportunities as other groups gender, a protected class. to convene and access resources.

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The Food and Drug Administration The US federally recognizes same- approves Truvada to be taken as sex marriages, extending federal a daily preventative for those at benefits to couples in states that When We Were Outlaws: a Memoir risk of acquiring HIV as PrEP (Pre- allow same-sex marriage. The of Love and Revoluton by Jeanne Exposure Prophylaxis). The Center Supreme Court strikes down the Cordova, lesbian activist and for Disease Control notes that this Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), a pioneer in the fight for LGBTQ is the first time a drug has been law signed by President rights, is published. approved to prevent acquisition in 1996 that prohibited same-sex of sexually and intravenous couples from receiving federal transmission of HIV. marriage benefits.

The Department of Education issues official guidance to clarify that transgender students are Laverne Cox is the first transgender protected from discrimination woman to win an Emmy as an Austin City Council approves under Title IX, a federal civil rights Executive Producer for Laverne ordinance for single-stall bathrooms law that prohibits discrimination Cox Presents: The T Word, a to be recognized as gender-neutral. against students on the bases of documentary. It aired on MTV. sex/gender in federally funded education programs and activities.

MTV’s critically acclaimed series True Life airs an episode covering The Supreme Court rules that the topic of living and being states are constitutionally required Cincinnati votes to ban reparative/ genderqueer, bringing to light for to issue marriage licenses to same- of LGBTQ many viewers at home (beyond the sex couples, legalizing marriage youth. introduction to the world outside of equality in all 50 states. the ) how to properly use the singular “they” and other neopronouns.

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The US Department of Health and Inspired by Black Lives Human Services issues an official Matter, students at the revision that shortens the deferral University of Missouri began period for blood donation from men President Obama dedicated the the #ConcernedStudent1950 who have sex with men. In addition new Stonewall National Monument movement in response to racism, to shortening the deferral period in , Lower sexism, and other issues in the from a life ban to 12 months, Manhattan, as the first US National administration. The movement the new revision includes the Monument to honor the LGBTQ was led by -identified black statement that for the purposes rights movement. students, such as student body of questioning, gender should be president Payton Head. considered on a “self-identified and self-reported” basis.

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